Practice Test Chapter 24: The Urinary System
A
Each of the following is typical of urine EXCEPT __________. A) a pH of 3.0 B) yellow color C) mild odor D) translucency
egulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to __________.
proteins such as albumin in the blood
Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by __________.
1.8
How much urine, in liters, is typically produced in a 24 hour period?
secondary active transport
Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the filtrate into the cells of the proximal tubule is by __________.
the rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood
Renal clearance is defined as __________.
filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted
Substances used to measure renal clearance should be __________.
A
Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, EXCEPT __________. A) increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) B) increase blood concentration of angiotensin-II (A-II) C) increase renin secretion D) constrict both the afferent and efferent arterioles
False
T or F: Filtrate and whole blood contain identical constituents.
False
T or F: The juxtamedullary apparatus acts as a special vascular system called the countercurrent exchanger.
true
T or F: The majority of sodium ions are reclaimed through sodium ion leak channels in the proximal tubule
it reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.
Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?
renal medulla
in which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?
hilum
the indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the __________.
relaxation of the external urethral sphincter
voluntary neural control is necessary for __________.
promotes thirst
Which of the following is an effect of angiotensin-II (A-II)?
decreased blood pressure
A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to __________.
nephron loop and vasa recta
Countercurrent multiplication and exchange occurs in the __________.
the collecting duct is impermeable to water
Dilute urine is more likely to be produced when __________.
nephrons
The functional units of the kidneys are __________.
the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute
The glomerular filtration rate is defined as __________.
vessel diameter
The myogenic mechanism acts to restore glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by changing __________.
proximal tubule
The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the __________
renal corpuscle
The process of filtration occurs at the __________.
blood pH
The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate __________.
the openings to the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice
The trigone of the urinary bladder is created by __________.
renal pelvis
Urine drains from a major calyx into __________.
ureter
Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
What are the two main subdivisions of the nephron?
creation of a steep concentration gradient for continued water reabsorption
What does the countercurrent mechanism accomplish in the nephron loop?
GFR will increase.
What effect does high blood pressure have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of regulatory mechanisms?
Stretch receptors in the wall of the urinary bladder signal the sacral region of the spinal cord.
What initiates the micturition reflex?
C
What is NOT a major function of the kidneys? A) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure B) removal of metabolic wastes C) hematopoiesis D) regulation of acid-base balance
10
What is net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerular capillaries, in mm Hg?
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What is renal clearance used to estimate?
125
What is the normal value for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min?
D
What should NOT be found in filtrate? A) Water B) glucose C) electrolytes D) albumin
b
What will NOT stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)? A) stimulation from the macula densa cells B) an increase in systemic blood pressure C) sympathetic nervous system stimulation D) low glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
medullary collecting duct
Where does ADH promote water reabsorption?
interlobular (cortical radiate) artery
Where does blood in the arcuate artery travel next on its journey toward the glomerulus?
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormones promote facultative water reabsorption?