Practicing Fair Housing (Oregon) CE 2021
Based on what you know about fair housing laws, which term does not belong with the others? A) Price fixing B) Steering C) Redlining D) Blockbusting
A) Price fixing Price fixing refers to antitrust action, not fair housing.
Discrimination based on race is not prohibited when the seller is A) a Private property owner. B) Regardless of who the seller is, all discrimination based on race is prohibited - no exceptions C) a Privately owned bank. D) Both private property and bank-owned property are exempt from all federal fair housing laws
B) Regardless of who the seller is, all discrimination based on race is prohibited - no exceptions
Which of the following is NOT addressed in The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)? A) Employment B) Residential housing C) Commercial facilities D) Public accommodations
B) Residential housing The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the "ADA") is not a housing law. It address discrimination in the areas of employment, public services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and in telecommunications. The Americans with Disabilities Act does not apply to residential housing, but it still has a major impact on real estate.
Which of the following does NOT have to comply with federal fair housing laws? A) A four-unit building where the owner lives in one of the four units B) A Secret Society vacation lodge operated as a public 4-star resort to earn money for the Secret Society C) A single-family home rented out by a landlord who has 12 similar investment properties D) A church-owned apartment complex
A) A four-unit building where the owner lives in one of the four units Rental housing of four or fewer apartments in which the landlord is living are exempt. The other options all deal with the public and come under federal law. Private clubs that are not open to the public can restrict the rental of its lodging units to members of the club, so long as the lodging units are not operated commercially. In this case, the Secret Society is running its vacation lodge as a commercial venture to fund its activities, and so it must comply with fair housing laws.
Under the federal definition, which of the following has a disability? A) A person with an impairment that substantially limits at least one major life activity. B) A person receiving unemployment C) A person who is not able to swim because of the fear of water D) A person who, because of continued use of mind altering drugs, is unable to work
A) A person with an impairment that substantially limits at least one major life activity. A disability for purposes of fair housing laws may be defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits at least one major life activities.
A licensee is talking with a seller about the possibility of listing his home. During the presentation process, the licensee tells the potential seller that he heard that the neighborhood was rapidly changing and would soon be inundated with people of Asian descent. He further stated that other neighborhoods where this had taken place became a haven for gangs and drive by shootings and decreased the value of all the properties in the area. This scenario is a description of A) Blockbusting. B) Price fixing. C) Redlining. D) Steering.
A) Blockbusting.
Which two protected classes did the Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 add to federal fair housing laws? A) Disability and familial status. B) Source of income and sex. C) Gender and age. D) National origin and sexual orientation.
A) Disability and familial status. This act amends the Fair Housing Act of 1968 by prohibiting discrimination in housing based upon disability or familial status (presence of child under 18, pregnant women). The 1988 amendments also create an exemption to the provisions barring discrimination based upon familial status for those housing developments that qualify as housing for persons age 55 or older. The Act also strengthens the administrative and judicial enforcement process for HUD complaints and provides monetary penalties in cases where housing discrimination is found.
Discrimination based on race is permitted by which of the following? A) Discrimination based on race is prohibited with no exceptions. B) Listing agents if directed to do so by the home owner. C) Private owners of less than 4 rental homes D) Management companies that do not own the property.
A) Discrimination based on race is prohibited with no exceptions. The Supreme Court ruled (in Jones v. Mayer) that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination based on race, without exception. No fair housing exemptions can apply for race.
Which best describes blockbusting? A) Encouraging property owners to either sell or rent their property by claiming that the character of the neighborhood is changing due to the entry of a protected class into the neighborhood. B) Advising a buyer that the house they have chosen to look at is located in a Spanish speaking neighborhood. C) Refusing to show white buyers properties in largely non-white neighborhoods. D) Advising a buyer that you will show all properties meeting their parameters regardless of a neighborhood's racial makeup.
A) Encouraging property owners to either sell or rent their property by claiming that the character of the neighborhood is changing due to the entry of a protected class into the neighborhood. Blockbusting is the practice of encouraging property owners to either sell or rent their property by claiming the composition of the neighborhood is changing because a protected class is moving into the neighborhood.
Which act prohibited discrimination in mortgage lending? A) Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 B) Fair Housing Act of 1968 C) Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 D) Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
A) Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibits discrimination in lending based upon race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, and because a person is depending on public assistance income. Note that ECOA only applies to mortgage lending and not to other aspects of housing.
Which of the following is a protected class under federal fair housing laws? A) Familial status B) Sexual orientation C) Military status D) Political affiliation
A) Familial status
Which act prohibits discrimination in housing based upon sex? A) Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 B) Fair Housing Act of 1968 C) Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 D) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A) Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 prohibits discrimination in housing based upon sex.
Which statement is FALSE about federal and state fair housing laws? A) Individual states can pass and enforce fair housing laws that are less restrictive than the federal laws. B) Unless an exemption applies, no one selling or renting housing can discriminate against anyone in the seven protected classes in the sale and rental of housing. C) The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers federal fair housing laws. D) States may enact and enforce fair housing laws that are stricter than federal laws.
A) Individual states can pass and enforce fair housing laws that are less restrictive than the federal laws. Individual states can pass and enforce fair housing laws that are less restrictive than federal laws is a false statement. States, counties, or cities may have standards more stringent than those provided for under the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988.
__________ is the Supreme Court case which held that discrimination in housing everywhere within the United States was prohibited, even within the private sector. A) Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co B) Brown v. Board of Housing C) Equal Opportunity in Housing D) Housing and Community Development Act
A) Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. was the Supreme Court case which held that discrimination in housing everywhere within the United States was prohibited, even within the private sector.
Which of these statements is true about ECOA? A) Lenders cannot ask if an applicant is divorced B) Lenders can ask applicants if they intend to have any children C) Lenders can ask if an applicant is 40 years old D) Lenders can reject an application because the applicant is receiving Social Security disability income
A) Lenders cannot ask if an applicant is divorced Marital status, age, and receipt of public assistance were added to ECOA as protected classes.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 established which protected class? A) Race B) Citizen status C) Religion D) National origin
A) Race The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits discrimination based on race. Over 100 years later, the Civil Rights Act of 1968, in Title 8 (the Fair Housing Act), prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
Which of the following is a protected class of person under federal fair housing laws? A) Religion B) Personal appearance C) Military status D) Those with criminal records
A) Religion Federal Fair Housing Laws protect seven classes of persons: Race, Color, Country of national origin, Religion, Sex, Handicapped individuals (disability), and Familial Status (families with children under 18 and pregnant women).
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 added what additional protected class? A) Sex B) Source of income (public assistance) C) Disabilities D) National origin
A) Sex In 1974, the Housing and Community Development Act added sex to the list of the protected classes provided for under the 1968 Civil Rights Act.
If a disabled tenant wishes to install a low wall switch to operate a ceiling fan in the bedroom of the property he is renting, who pays the expense? A) The tenant, regardless of the cost. B) The tenant, if the cost is over $500. C) The tenant, if the cost is under $500. D) The owner.
A) The tenant, regardless of the cost. A disabled tenant has the right to make reasonable modifications to their living unit at their own expense so that they are able to have full use and enjoyment of their housing. Modifications that might be necessary to common areas such as the lobby, main entrance or laundry room are to be made "at the expense of the owner" in the event modifications may be necessary for the full use and enjoyment of the housing by a disabled person.
A "reasonable" occupancy standard is usually defined as: A) Two persons per room plus one additional person. B) One person per room plus up to 2 additional persons. C) One person per room. D) Two persons per room.
A) Two persons per room plus one additional person. The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 specifically addresses the issue of local regulations regarding occupancy. Local and state occupancy regulations are not prohibited, so long as they are reasonable. Reasonable is generally considered two persons per bedroom, plus one additional person. This means that a landlord of a two-bedroom apartment should rent it to five people.
In Colonial times (before the American Revolution), equal opportunity was a concept generally applied only to: A) White males who owned property B) White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant (WASP) males C) Any citizen who owned property D) White males of any religion
A) White males who owned property In the colonial period, equal opportunity generally meant equal opportunity only for white males who owned property.
Display of the HUD Fair Housing Poster by a real estate brokerage is: A) required. B) discouraged. C) no longer necessary. D) encouraged.
A) required. HUD states: "Any person who claims to have been injured by a discriminatory housing practice may file a complaint with [HUD].... A failure to display the Fair Housing Poster as required by this part will be deemed prima facie evidence of a discriminatory housing practice."
Which definition best describes steering? A) Refusing to make a mortgage loan for reasons other than the qualifications of the applicant B) Discouraging buyers from considering certain neighborhoods C) Telling prospective homeowners about the racial, ethnic, or religious composition of any neighborhood D) Circulating rumors of an infusion of a particular ethnic group moving into a neighborhood to induce homeowners to sell
B) Discouraging buyers from considering certain neighborhoods Steering is the practice of discouraging buyers from considering certain neighborhoods or channeling buyers to particular neighborhoods.
According to ECOA, when determining the credit worthiness of an applicant, which of these statements can a lender ask? A) Lenders can ask the age of an applicant obviously over the age of 21. B) Lenders can ask if an applicant has a child support judgment against them. C) Lenders can ask the marital status of an applicant. D) Lenders can ask if an applicant is pregnant or planning pregnancy in the near future.
B) Lenders can ask if an applicant has a child support judgment against them. Lenders are permitted to ask questions about any issues involving credit worthiness and outstanding liabilities.
Redlining is best defined as: A) Discrimination based on religious belief. B) Refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies based upon racial, ethnic, religious, or national-origin composition of a neighborhood. C) Charging a higher interest rate to an individual who is a member of a minority group. D) Considering any of the seven protected classes when appraising a property.
B) Refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies based upon racial, ethnic, religious, or national-origin composition of a neighborhood. Redlining is the prohibited practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific geographical areas for reasons other than the qualification of the applicant.
Which of the following advertisements violates the fair housing law? A) Beautiful ocean view home with character & charm. 8316 sq ft lot, 4 bed, 2.5 bath, quiet st, lane access, garage, greenhouse, potting shed, patios front & back, where sunbathing possible. B) Spacious home on 0.52 acre corner lot on dead-end street in a great estate neighborhood. Walk to St. Thomas More Catholic Church. Large open greatroom with cathedral ceiling. Stainless steel appliances. New high efficiency furnace. Newly renovated kitchen. C) Absolutely gorgeous "Picasso" bungalow in trendy North Haverbrook location. Shows like a model home with many luxurious extras. Cathedral ceilings, custom arches, gourmet kitchen, CVAC, oak hardwood floors, fully fenced yard. D) Bright home at seaside. Lots of natural light. Quiet beautiful area, close to all shopping, schools and public transportation.
B) Spacious home on 0.52 acre corner lot on dead-end street in a great estate neighborhood. Walk to St. Thomas More Catholic Church. Large open greatroom with cathedral ceiling. Stainless steel appliances. New high efficiency furnace. Newly renovated kitchen. Mention of St. Thomas Moore Church gives an indication of religious preference.
A buyer agent is reviewing properties with a pre-approved Caucasian couple. The couple asks about housing availability in the "Northbrook" neighborhood. The agent replies, "I don't think you want to live in Northbrook. You would definitely be in the minority there." What discriminatory practice did engage in? A) Racial pointing. B) Steering. C) Racial tipping. D) Redlining.
B) Steering. Steering is the prohibited practice of discouraging buyers from considering certain neighborhoods or channeling buyers to particular neighborhoods based upon assumed buyer preferences regarding racial, religious, or national-origin composition of a neighborhood.
Fair housing laws enacted by a state A) take precedence over federal laws which are more restrictive. B) can be more restrictive than the federal fair housing laws. C) are administered and enforced by the local HUD office. D) are null and void.
B) can be more restrictive than the federal fair housing laws. Federal fair housing laws set forth the minimum standards for fair housing nondiscrimination. A state may enact fair housing laws that are more restrictive than the federal laws
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act allows for discrimination in credit transactions based on: A) marital status, familial status, and sex of the applicant. B) credit worthiness of the applicant. C) the age and marital status of the applicant. D) marital status and sex of the applicant.
B) credit worthiness of the applicant. The ECOA prohibits discrimination in all credit transactions based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, age, receipt of income from public assistance programs or rights under the Consumer Protection Act.
lessy v. Ferguson established what became known as A) the Fair Housing Act of 1968 B) the Separate but Equal Doctrine C) Legalized Government Discrimination D) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act
B) the Separate but Equal Doctrine
In advertising, which of the following is an acceptable phrase? A) "Couples only" B) "Just like grandma's house" C) "No smoking" D) "Bachelor pad"
C) "No smoking" Any term that might imply a preference for a particular group would not be permitted by HUD. Smoker status is not a protected class.
Which of the following persons does NOT qualify as "disabled"? A) A person who is bipolar B) A person with severe burn injuries. C) A compulsive gambler. D) A person requiring a guide dog in a no-pet apartment complex.
C) A compulsive gambler. The ADA excludes certain categories of behavior. These unprotected classes include compulsive gambling, pyromania, or kleptomania.
Which situation is exempt from federal fair housing laws? A) A landlord living 5 miles away from the 2-unit duplex she owns, and receives a rental application from a blind applicant who owns a guide dog. B) A home owner trying to sell one of her five single-family houses as a For-Sale-By-Owner, and who advertises the house in the local newspaper classified ads, on television, and with signs around the neighborhood C) A private hunting club that restricts the rental of its mountain cabins to only members of the club. D) A religious organization who owns community housing for its members that prohibits people from Iraq from joining their congregation.
C) A private hunting club that restricts the rental of its mountain cabins to only members of the club. Private clubs that are not open to the public may restrict the rental of its lodging units to members of the club, so long as the lodging units are not operated commercially.
Which of the following meet the criteria to be protected from discrimination based on a disability or handicap: I. A person with HIV/AIDS II. A person with heart disease A) I only B) II only C) Both I and II D) Neither I nor II
C) Both I and II The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 define disability. Examples of disabilities may include, but are not limited to visual, orthopedic, speech and hearing impairments, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, mental retardation, emotional illness, alcoholism, psychiatric disabilities, environmental illnesses and chemical sensitivities, developmental disabilities, and those with HIV/AIDS.
Which law was the first to prohibit discrimination based on race? A) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 B) Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 C) Civil Rights Act of 1866 D) Fair Housing Act of 1968
C) Civil Rights Act of 1866 In 1866, the Reconstruction Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which was the first attempt by the federal government to create equal opportunity for all Americans.
Which act prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin? A) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 B) Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 C) Fair Housing Act of 1968 D) Civil Rights Act of 1866
C) Fair Housing Act of 1968 The Fair Housing Act of 1968 (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968) prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion or national origin.
Which of the following is a protected class under federal fair housing laws? A) Military status B) Gender status C) Familial status D) Political status
C) Familial status The Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 amends the Fair Housing Act of 1968 by prohibiting discrimination in housing based upon familial status (presence of child under 18, pregnant women).
When a lender rejects a mortgage application based upon poor credit, what is the lender required to do? A) Lenders have no duty to justify rejecting an applicant. B) The lender is required to tell the credit bureau to contact the rejected applicant. C) Lenders must provide the rejected applicant with specific reasons for the rejection. D) Lenders must provide a signed statement that they do not discriminate.
C) Lenders must provide the rejected applicant with specific reasons for the rejection. Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and its fair lending regulations, if the lender denies a loan application because of poor credit, the lender must notify the applicant in writing within 30 days of the completed application and supply the applicant with a statement of specific reasons why the application for credit was denied.
Which of these is not a protected class covered by ECOA? A) Age B) Marital status C) Military status D) Pregnancy
C) Military status Federal fair housing law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, gender, familial status (i.e., pregnancy and those with children), religion, and disability. The ECOA adds the classifications of marital status, age, and receipt of public assistance income as additional protected classes with respect to credit applications.
Which act was the first to prohibit discrimination against persons with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance? A) Fair Housing Amendments of 1988 B) Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) C) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 D) Fair Housing Act of 1968
C) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
Which of the following is NOT a protected class of person under federal fair housing laws? A) Disabled. B) Country of origin. C) Sexual orientation. D) Familial status.
C) Sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not a protected class under federal fair housing laws, although many states include it as a protected class.
What class of persons did the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 NOT protect from discrimination? A) Source of income (public assistance). B) Age. C) Sexual orientation. D) Marital status.
C) Sexual orientation. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibits discrimination in lending based upon race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, and because a person may be on public assistance income.
Which practice is permitted? A) Volunteering information about a neighborhood's ethnic composition without having been asked B) Arbitrarily only showing an Indian buyer homes in areas that have a high concentration of Indians C) Showing homes in specific neighborhoods to an Asian buyer who has expressed a preference to view homes in neighborhoods with other Asians D) Charging a higher commission rate based on the seller's race or national origin
C) Showing homes in specific neighborhoods to an Asian buyer who has expressed a preference to view homes in neighborhoods with other Asians If a real estate agent is showing properties in specific neighborhoods at the request of the buyer, then that client's preference is a nondiscriminatory reason under the Supreme Court's ruling.
Which is the TRUE statement about Fair Housing? A) A white-supremacy club can refuse to rent to individuals with Hispanic surnames. B) A church that only admits black persons can discriminate against white persons when selling church-owned property. C) The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination based on race, without exception. D) It is okay to discriminate by race in "private sector housing."
C) The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination based on race, without exception. The Supreme Court ruled (in Jones v. Mayer) that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibits all discrimination based on race, without exception. No fair housing exemptions can apply for race.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act applies to: A) home loan situations including purchase and refinance, but NOT home improvement. B) only home loan transactions such as a purchase, refinance, and home improvement. C) all credit situations. D) consumer credit situations only.
C) all credit situations. The ECOA applies to all credit situations including consumer credit and applications for a mortgage, home refinance, or home improvement loans.
Tom bought a four-plex and is going to live in one of the units with his family. Tom will screen potential tenants for the other three units carefully to try to find the most desirable and safest neighbors for his family. Tom is: A) not obliged to follow either state or federal fair housing laws because screening his tenants allows him to protect his family. B) subject to both state and federal fair housing laws when screening prospective tenants. C) exempt under federal fair housing law, but must check state fair housing law to see what his legal position is under local state law. D) exempt from state fair housing laws because he has an exemption under federal fair housing law.
C) exempt under federal fair housing law, but must check state fair housing law to see what his legal position is under local state law. Housing that is not covered under the federal fair housing act includes rental housing of four or fewer apartments in which the landlord is living. States and local jurisdictions may pass fair housing law that are more restrictive than the federal law and the more restrictive will prevail.
Under ECOA, a lender who has denied credit must notify the applicant of the denial within 30 days. This notification must be: A) in person. B) in writing or over the telephone. C) in writing. D) in writing, over the telephone, or by email.
C) in writing. A lender who has denied credit must notify the applicant in writing within 30 days.
The fair housing poster does NOT have to be displayed in A) the rental office of an apartment building. B) the model home of a subdivision. C) the personal home of a real estate licensee. D) a real estate brokerage office.
C) the personal home of a real estate licensee. With respect to dwellings offered for sale in conjunction with other dwellings, such as a subdivision, the poster shall be posted in the model dwelling instead of at each of the individual dwelling.
By the federal definition, which person is considered disabled? A) A heroine addict. B) A homosexual who is bankrupt from playing video poker. C) A pyromaniac recovering from a meth addiction. D) A person with brain damage from previous drug abuse.
D) A person with brain damage from previous drug abuse. Pyromania, homosexuality, compulsive gambling, and psychoactive substance abuse are not considered disabilities.
ECOA adds which additional protected classes to federal fair housing laws? A) Disability, source of income, and political affiliation. B) Religion, national origin, and disability. C) Source of income, age, and sexual orientation. D) Age, source of income, and marital status.
D) Age, source of income, and marital status. The ECOA adds the classifications of marital status, age, and receipt of public assistance income as additional protected classes with respect to credit applications.
Which statement is MOST correct for a community to qualify as a retirement community? A) At least 70% of the units must be occupied by one person who is 55 or older B) At least 85% of the units must be occupied by one person who is 55 or older C) At least 75% of the units must be occupied by one person who is 55 or older D) At least 80% of the units must be occupied by one person who is 55 or older
D) At least 80% of the units must be occupied by one person who is 55 or older In a retirement community at least 80% of the units must be occupied by one person 55 or older.
What provision included in ECOA were the main reasons for the increase in housing demand resulting in an increase in the price of homes? 1. Offering war veterans affordable mortgages 2. The prohibition to discriminate against women. 3. The requirement to qualify women borrowers on the actual income received A) 1 only B) 1, 2, and 3 C) Both 1 and 3 D) Both 2 and 3
D) Both 2 and 3 Prior to 1974, the lending industry was able to discriminate against women. Single women were not considered as prospective mortgage loan candidates and, in the case of a married couple, the wife's income was usually valued at one-half her actual income when used for loan qualification ratios.
Which of the following situations would NOT be a violation of fair housing law? A) To lower the appraisal value of a house because it is next to a large Muslim mosque. B) Showing only houses in high-income neighborhoods, regardless of the ethnic makeup of the neighborhood. C) Refusing to rent to a blind person with a seeing-eye dog because of a "no pets" policy. D) Denying a mortgage loan to a single, Hispanic mother of three children because she has a poor credit rating.
D) Denying a mortgage loan to a single, Hispanic mother of three children because she has a poor credit rating. In this case, a poor credit rating is the reason for denial of a mortgage, not any other factor.
Familial status was added to the list of protected classes by which set of laws? A) Equality in Housing Act 1972 B) Fair and Equitable Housing Act of 1966 C) Civil Liberties Act of 1968 D) Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988
D) Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 amends the Fair Housing Act by prohibiting discrimination in housing based upon disability or familial status.
Federal fair housing laws are administered by __________ . A) FHA B) ECOA C) RESPA D) HUD
D) HUD The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administers federal fair housing laws. Rules and regulations developed by HUD have further defined and interpreted the provisions of those laws.
Familial status protection applies to: I. Families with children under 18 living with their parents II. A pregnant woman III. Children under the age of 18 living with legal custodians A) I and III only B) II only C) III only D) I, II, and III
D) I, II, and III Familial status includes families with children under the age of 18 living with their parents or legal custodians, or to any woman who is pregnant.
Which of the following is NOT one of the protected class of person under federal fair housing laws? A) Sex B) Disabled C) Familial status D) Marital status
D) Marital status Marital status is not protected under federal fair housing laws, but it may be protected under state law. It is protected from credit/finance discrimination by the Equal Credit Opportunity Act. Federal fair housing law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, familial status, religion, and disability.
The purpose of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was to protect against discrimination of whom? A) Women who are pregnant or have children. B) Persons not born in the USA (national origin). C) Women. D) Persons with disabilities.
D) Persons with disabilities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Any housing that receives federal funds, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly (such as loan guarantees), falls within the scope of this Act.
Which of these is NOT protected by ECOA? A) National origin B) Marital status C) Religious affiliation D) Political affiliation
D) Political affiliation Federal fair housing law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, gender, familial status, religion, and disability. The ECOA adds the classifications of marital status, age, and receipt of public assistance income as additional protected classes with respect to credit applications.
Which is NOT covered under the ADA? A) Public services. B) Public accommodations. C) Commercial facilities. D) Private housing.
D) Private housing. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the "ADA") is not a housing law, per se. It address discrimination in the areas of employment, public services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and in telecommunications. The Americans with Disabilities Act does not apply to residential housing, but it still has a major impact on real estate and the real estate industry because it addresses the right of individuals with disabilities in employment and public accommodations.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 accomplish? A) Allowed black citizens to vote B) Abolished slavery C) Prohibited discrimination in housing based on national origin D) Prohibited discrimination in housing based on race
D) Prohibited discrimination in housing based on race In 1866, the Reconstruction Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which was the first attempt by the federal government to create equal opportunity for all Americans. The purpose of the Civil Rights Act was to prohibit any type of discrimination based upon race, and would thereby nullify the Black Codes. The act simply stated, "All citizens of the United States shall have the same right in every state and territory as is enjoyed by white citizens thereof to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold and convey real and personal property."
A mortgage lender denies an application for a mortgage on a property located in a primarily African-American neighborhood because the lender feels that borrowers purchasing property in minority neighborhoods are more likely to default. This is an example of what discriminatory practice? A) Mortgage fraud B) Blockbusting C) Intentional oversight D) Redlining
D) Redlining Redlining is the prohibited practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies based on racial, ethnic, religious, or national-origin composition of a neighborhood.
Which of these is NOT one of VAMA's objectives? A) Encourage businesses to use the Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity logos B) Educate people about fair housing issues C) Promote Affirmative Marketing advertisement D) Require real estate businesses to hire minority employees
D) Require real estate businesses to hire minority employees VAMA is voluntary and does not require anything of members.
Which of the following classes is NOT protected under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)? A) National origin B) Receipt of public assistance income C) Marital status D) Sexual orientation
D) Sexual orientation The ECOA prohibits discrimination in all credit transactions based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, marital status, familial status, receipt of income from public assistance programs or rights under the Consumer Protection Act.
Which situation is legal? A) Charging additional rent to persons who are not US citizens. B) Refusing to allow the installation of a wheelchair ramp on a rental property for a disabled tenant. C) Refusing a mortgage loan to a single woman because they statistically earn less than men. D) Showing homes only in neighborhoods with a large Russian population when asked to do so by a Russian client.
D) Showing homes only in neighborhoods with a large Russian population when asked to do so by a Russian client. The best practice tip for agents is to avoid providing demographic makeup information of neighborhoods and direct the client to find such information on the internet, such as using the US Census website. The client is then free to tell their agent to exclude certain neighborhoods.
Which of these is not a protected class covered by ECOA? A) Marital status B) Religion C) Sex D) Veteran status
D) Veteran status Federal fair housing law prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, familial status, religion, and disability. The ECOA adds the classifications of marital status, age, and receipt of public assistance income as additional protected classes with respect to credit applications.
Which of the following is an example of steering? A) Showing a buyer only the neighborhoods that the buyer indicates they are wanting to live in when the licensee knows them to have very few minorities. B) Refusing to sell an insurance policy to a homeowner because of the racial composition of a neighborhood. C) Not showing properties to a buyer in certain areas of a city based upon the licensee's assumed perceptions of the buyer's racial preferences. D) Encouraging a seller to sell because a particular minority group is moving into the neighborhood.
"Steering" is the practice of discouraging buyers from considering certain neighborhoods or channeling buyers to particular neighborhoods based upon assumed buyer preferences regarding racial, religious, or national original composition of a neighborhood.
Which of these situations is considered discriminatory? A) A licensee shows an African American couple only homes in predominantly African American populated neighborhoods without being asked to do so B) An elderly man requests his agent to find him a home in a neighborhood where families with children are not permitted to buy C) An agent agrees to show a Hispanic couple who request to be shown property in neighborhoods where there are people who speak Spanish D) An agent provides a list of homes in an older, more established neighborhood to a young man that wants to live in an area of historic homes
A licensee cannot steer a client to or away from specific neighborhoods based upon a presumption.
Which of the following advertisements would violate fair housing laws? A) "Cute studio condo in great building. Large windows overlooking park. Perfect for singles or couples. Rentals ok. Covered parking. 5 minute walk to grocery store, coffee shop, and library. Bus stops in front of building." B) "Wonderful 4 BR/2BA single-family home steps from conservation area and park. Lots of extras! Must see!" C) "Nestled in its own cove, this south-facing waterfront gem includes a separate guest cottage, four-car garage, secluded gardens, and multiple decks." D) "1 bedroom condo in great neighborhood. Large eat-in kitchen, separate dining area, spacious living room with balcony. Easy access to mass transit and freeways."
A) "Cute studio condo in great building. Large windows overlooking park. Perfect for singles or couples. Rentals ok. Covered parking. 5 minute walk to grocery store, coffee shop, and library. Bus stops in front of building." The words "singles and couples" excludes families with children, which is a violation of fair housing law.
Which act was the first to provide protection against discrimination in familial status? A) Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 B) Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 C) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 D) Fair Housing Act of 1968
A) Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 amends the Fair Housing Act of 1968 by prohibiting discrimination in housing based upon disability or familial status (i.e., presence of child under 18, and pregnant women).
Which is NOT a protected class of person under federal fair housing laws? A) Religion B) Age C) Familial status D) Sex
B) Age There are some exemptions for "retirement properties," but otherwise there is no protection against age discrimination.
What occurs when a previously white or integrated community changes into a predominantly minority community? A) Steering B) Racial tipping C) Blockbusting D) Redlining
B) Racial tipping Racial tipping occurs when a previously white or integrated community changes into a predominantly minority community.
What kind of discrimination did Title VIII of the Fair Housing Act of 1968 protect against? A) Gender. B) Source of income (public assistance). C) Race, color, religion, and national origin. D) Disabilities and national origin.
C) Race, color, religion, and national origin. Over one hundred years after the end of the Civil War, Title Eight of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 was enacted by the United States Congress. Title Eight was a reaction to the changing social and economic patterns in American life, which had accelerated after World War II. The legislation prohibited discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
"Whites only" A) is allowed in an advertisement for the sale of government housing when the property is not represented by a licensee. B) is allowed in an advertisement for private housing by a non licensed property owner. C) is always prohibited in advertising. D) is allowed in an advertisement for rental property by a licensed property manager.
C) is always prohibited in advertising. Unless an exemption applies, no one may take action that will discriminate against anyone in the seven protected classes of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, handicap, or familial status in the sale and rental of housing. Exemptions may never apply to race, nor can they apply when a real estate agent is involved in a transaction.
Brown v. The Board of Education held that A) separate education could be equal education, and in order to be equal, the educational system did NOT have to be integrated and desegregated. B) separate education could be equal education if the same classes were taught to all children. C) separate education could NOT be equal education, and in order to be equal, the educational system had to be integrated and desegregated. D) all individuals of a free society are entitled to receive an education without regard to race.
C) separate education could NOT be equal education, and in order to be equal, the educational system had to be integrated and desegregated. Brown v. Board of Education was a 1954 Supreme Court decision that ended the separate but equal doctrine by ruling that separate education could not be equal education. As a result, schools systems were forced to be integrate.
Plessy v. Ferguson established what became known as A) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act B) the Fair Housing Act of 1968 C) the Separate but Equal Doctrine D) Legalized Government Discrimination
C) the Separate but Equal Doctrine Even though the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1866 had become law, the United States Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson established what became known as the separate but equal doctrine.
Which is not protected by Fair Housing Law in public sector housing? A) A 53-year-old woman and her 55-year-old husband purchasing a unit in a retirement community B) A blind person with a guide dog applying for a low income apartment with a no pet policy C) A person with AIDS D) A person with a felony conviction for rape
D) A person with a felony conviction for rape The only fair housing exemptions in publicly funded housing are those persons who are a direct threat to others or those who would cause substantial damage to the property.
"Reasonable occupancy" is usually defined as: A) Two persons per room. B) Three persons per bedroom. C) Three persons per bedroom, plus one additional person. D) Two persons per bedroom, plus one.
D) Two persons per bedroom, plus one.