Praxis PLT 7-12 Practice Questions
jigsawing
A math teacher is planning which strategy to use to help students understand a complex formulaic process in which students will have to follow a series of steps and problem-solve along the way to reach the right answer. Which of the following would be the least effective strategy or method to use? - using direct instruction - thinking aloud - modeling - jigsawing
zone of proximal development.
A teacher has determined through diagnostic pretests that a small group of students is ready to learn strategies for critical writing. She designs cooperative learning exercises wherein students will receive appropriate assistance and enough support with this new task to learn and practice the strategies. Students will work at their A.operant conditioning. B.classical conditioning. C.transfer point. D.zone of proximal development.
median score.
A teacher wants to know what the middle value is of all of her students' test scores. This value is known as the A.mean score. B.mode. C.median score. D.range.
current performance, annual goals, and special education and related services.
According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), children with disabilities require Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). The following information about the child must be included; however, this is not the only information that is required by law to be documented in the IEP. The IEP must include: - past performance, short- and long-term goals for the child, and health history of the child. - past performance, current skills, goals, special education services. - current performance, annual goals, and special education and related services. - needed transitional services, family history, and how progress will be measured.
construct a 15-word-limit summary of a text with topic statements that fit it
According to the Generating Interaction between Schemata and Text (GIST) approach, students
differed by race and ethnicity.
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the dropout rates of high school students between 2000 and 2008: - differed by race and ethnicity. - increased drastically due to unemployment. - increased drastically due to changes in housing. - remained the same.
making assumptions.
Active listening can be used to clarify communication and avoid misunderstandings in cross-cultural dialogues in all of the following ways except by A.attending to the speaker. B.restating key points. C.making assumptions. D.asking questions.
Bandura's theory states people develop new skills and learn by observing the actions of others. It would make sense that during the adolescent years, students are learning by observing the actions of their peers.
Adolescents typically move from identifying with their parents to identifying with their peers. How does Bandura's theory of social learning connect with this idea? A.Bandura's theory explains that adolescents learn through hands-on experiences, so their tendency to identify with peers would indicate they would learn by interacting with others. B.Bandura's theory explains that adolescents establish a sense of personal identity. It would make sense that during the adolescent years, students would align their identity with their peers' identities. C.Bandura's theory states people develop new skills and learn by observing the actions of others. It would make sense that during the adolescent years, students are learning by observing the actions of their peers. D.Bandura's theory states that early relationships with caregivers, like their parents, influence social relationships throughout life. It would make sense that even though they are identifying with peers, their relationship with their early caregivers will prevail.
interruptions decrease.
After Ms. Abermann asks a question, her students know not to raise their hands to respond right away. Ms. Abermann won't call on anyone until everyone has thought about the question for at least 10 seconds. Ms. Abermann follows this practice because she knows that when she gives this extra wait time, A.interruptions decrease. B.student-to-student interactions decrease. C.responses are shortened. D.a greater number of lower cognitive responses occur.
to make the questions unpredictable so students will not be able to prepare for them by studying the content.
All of the following are good suggestions for writing essay questions except A.to make sure each question is focused so students know what is expected of them. B.to make the questions unpredictable so students will not be able to prepare for them by studying the content. C.to provide specific guidelines about how the response will be scored. D.to link essay questions to unit objectives.
Most dinosaurs' names come from the Latin language.
An anticipation/reaction guide for the topic of dinosaurs might include which of the following? - Most dinosaurs' names come from the Latin language. - Explain how you feel about dinosaurs. - What do you want to learn about dinosaurs? - What do you already know about dinosaurs?
to reinforce students' understanding of where they are now and to determine if any reteaching is needed.
At the beginning of each class, it is a good idea for educators to review with the students what happened in the previous class: - to give students time to settle down and get ready for the day's lesson. - to reinforce students' understanding of where they are now and to determine if any reteaching is needed. - so students can summarize what they are to do in this class. - because research indicates this is the best way to begin a class using the constructivist approach.
tests that don't match the content of the instruction.
Authentic assessment can include all of the following except A.open-ended questions based on the objectives of the lesson. B.tests that don't match the content of the instruction. C.oral presentations that demonstrate students' understandings of content. D.portfolios that include artifacts as evidence of learning content.
pursue their own unique identities.
Based on what we know about the personality development of adolescents and theories related to this development, which of the following choices best completes the following sentence? Providing academic opportunities for adolescents to be creative motivates this age group particularly because it allows them to A.avoid schoolwork. B.pursue their own unique identities. C.reflect on their learning. D.learn from adults.
using graphic organizers to diagram key concepts and clarify relationships among concepts.
Clarissa is a visual learner. She would learn the information in a required science chapter best by: - discussing the contents of the chapter with a small group of peers. - using graphic organizers to diagram key concepts and clarify relationships among concepts. - reading the chapter aloud. - listening to the teacher lecture about the chapter's contents.
when instructors are expert at teaching students how to construct answers, not at giving them answers.
Constructivist approaches are most effective: - when instructors are expert at teaching students how to construct answers, not at giving them answers. - with unmotivated students. - when teachers eliminate direct instruction from the curriculum. - when students are not expected to memorize.
attempt to find their own identity and experience role confusion as they separate from family to be members of a wider society.
Erikson's eight stages of development propose that adolescents (ages 12 to 18 years): - are developing a sense of industry accompanied by unresolved feelings of inferiority among their peers. - attempt to find their own identity and experience role confusion as they separate from family to be members of a wider society. - experience a desire to take initiative while they rely significantly on the basic family structure. - experience intimacy or isolation, depending on their success with this stage.
encouraging dependence and cautious behaviors.
Families and educators can help students with learning disabilities develop self-determination by doing all of the following except A.encouraging them to make choices and explore opportunities. B.promoting self-advocacy, goal setting, and planning. C.encouraging dependence and cautious behaviors. D.encouraging them to take risks and develop problem-solving skills.
must find ways to accommodate families who are not able to attend school events.
Families are sometimes marginalized by cultural or linguistic differences and need the teacher's help to know effective ways to support school goals. When working with families that are marginalized, the teacher and school: - must not judge these families for the lack of interest they portray by not attending school events. - should hold families accountable to attend school events. - must find ways to accommodate families who are not able to attend school events. - should not plan school events for these families because they will not be able to participate and will feel out of place.
storm and stress.
G. Stanley Hall was one of the first psychologists to study adolescents. He is noted for identifying the period between ages 12 and 25 as a period of: - childhood and adulthood. - storm and stress. - laughter and frivolity. - fragility and strength.
By using the "After Instruction" column, the teacher can assess what students have learned about irony and the guided question.
How might guided thinking be used as an assessment of students' understanding of irony? A.By using the "After Instruction" column, the teacher can assess what students have learned about irony and the guided question. B.By using the "Guided Question" column, the student can frame a meaningful question about irony. C.In the "Prior to Instruction" column, the student can reflect on what he knows and wants to know about irony. D.In the "During Instruction" column, the student can account for what she is learning.
to motivate the student to think and write more critically
I like the way you explain the Republican views on the fiscal cliff in your essay. It's a complicated issue, but you explained it in a way that made sense to me. I'd be interested in hearing more in your essay about how the Democrats view the same issue. How do you think adding alternative perspectives would add to your essay? What is most likely the teacher's motive for providing this type of feedback during a writing conference with a student writer? A.to provide positive feedback B.to establish standards of conduct C.to include the student in instructional decisions D.to motivate the student to think and write more critically
request a due process hearing to resolve the dispute.
If a parent or a school district has concerns about the eligibility or placement of a child in a supportive special education program, either party has the legal right to: - request a due process hearing to resolve the dispute. - enforce a solution they deem appropriate for the child. - void the child's individualized education plan. - place the child in the program based on assignment as the child's power of attorney.
the school's curriculum guide.
If a parent wanted to know what the goals of the science program of a high school were and what fundamental concepts would be explored, he or she would ask the administrator for a copy of: - the school's individualized education program. - the school's mission statement. - the school's report card. - the school's curriculum guide.
vicarious extinction.
In French class, students stop raising their hands to answer questions because the teacher never praises or rewards their peers for doing so. This is an example of A.discovery learning. B.learning as experience. C.problem-based learning. D.vicarious extinction.
how much a teacher is going to teach of a subject over the course of an academic year.
In instructional planning, scope refers to A.the connection between objectives and standards. B.the order in which a teacher is going to teach lessons. C.how much a teacher is going to teach of a subject over the course of an academic year. D.the instructional method recommended for a particular lesson.
reliability.
In science lab, a teacher has her students repeat a lab they have already done to see if they have the same results. She is teaching her students that repeating the same procedure in exactly the same way should yield the same results. This concept is known as A.brilliance. B.accuracy. C.validity. D.reliability.
cognitive dissonance.
Kelly is an animal lover and activist. She has always been against animal testing, but in science class she is learning how animal testing helps the medical field develop procedures that save people's lives. This new information does not fit with her current values and beliefs about animals' rights, but she also believes in helping people. This struggle to integrate this new knowledge into her current values and beliefs is known as A.cognitive dissonance. B.extrinsic motivation. C.attribution. D.self-determination.
cue and retrieve their prior knowledge about a topic.
Learning is a process. Educators know that the learning process begins when learners: - cue and retrieve their prior knowledge about a topic. - integrate new information into their current beliefs. - reposition their current beliefs to adjust to the new information. - develop self-regulated learning.
Reward students who work efficiently rather than giving them more work to do, which is apparently seen as a punishment to Marco.
Marco has learned that if he finishes the assigned math worksheet promptly, his teacher will only come and give him more math problems to do. So, he daydreams between problems and works inefficiently. What should Marco's teacher do to eliminate this practice and encourage efficient work habits? A.Double up the number of math problems on the worksheet so no one will be able to finish within the time allotted. B.Reward students who work efficiently rather than giving them more work to do, which is apparently seen as a punishment to Marco. C.Allow students who finish early to socialize with their friends. D.Set up a routine for students who need help with the worksheet to have a chance to work with the teacher.
It provides opportunities for students with disabilities to be schooled with their peers rather than in isolation.
Melissa is a student with Down syndrome. She has been placed in a classroom that has been determined to be the least restrictive educational environment that fits her specific needs as a learner. What is the purpose of this type of least-restrictive-environment placement? A.It provides opportunities for students with disabilities to be schooled with their peers rather than in isolation. B.Parents of students without disabilities share the cost of educating students with disabilities. C.It makes better use of public facilities, such as school transportation and buildings, and state employees. D.The least restrictive environment provides for equal access to education for all minorities.
the roots and affixes in a word.
Morphology refers to: - the part of speech a word represents. - the ability to use context clues to decipher the meaning of a word. - the definition of a word. - the roots and affixes in a word.
assigning each student a topic to write a research paper about
Mr. Burton is a twelfth-grade English teacher. He wants his students to graduate with a love of writing so they will continue to write for pleasure for the rest of their lives. Which of the following is least likely to facilitate this type of love for writing? A.assigning each student a topic to write a research paper about B.assigning students to select their own topic from a list of topics to write a research paper about C.providing 15 minutes each day for students to write about a topic of their choice in a personal journal D.allowing students to write about their hopes and dreams for their future
Contextual factors and variables influenced the results in both classrooms.
Mr. Kite is a member of a professional organization and receives its journals. He just read a research study published in one of these journals that described the use of a strategy he has tried unsuccessfully in his classroom. According to the research, the strategy was effective in improving students' learning. What is the most likely reason for the discrepancy in results if we assume Mr. Kite and the researcher administered the strategy the same way? A.Mr. Kite's students were less motivated. B.The researcher's students were less motivated. C.The researcher skewed the results. D.Contextual factors and variables influenced the results in both classrooms.
I and IV
Mr. Montez's eleventh graders have just finished reading Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. He tested the students on the learning objectives for the reading and has compared individual students' performance to their peers' performance. This type of evaluation is best described as I. norm-referenced. II. criterion-referenced. III. formative. IV. summative. A.I and III B.I and IV C.II and III D.II and IV
Book clubs encourage students to talk about their reading experiences with their peers.
Ms. Pratt has set up book clubs in her class to motivate her students. Which of the following is the best reason for doing so? - Students, especially English language learners, get to practice their speaking skills as they participate. - Book clubs show that the students have done their required reading. - Book clubs encourage students to talk about their reading experiences with their peers. - Book clubs help students interpret the texts they read.
understand non-fluent speakers of the English language can comprehend what they are reading before they can correctly pronounce all of the sounds in the language.
Non-fluent speakers typically will have difficulty articulating the English language when reading a text out loud. Therefore, the teacher should: - not call on these students to read text out loud in class so as not to embarrass them. - recognize the students cannot understand a passage if they cannot accurately pronounce the words out loud. - understand non-fluent speakers of the English language can comprehend what they are reading before they can correctly pronounce all of the sounds in the language. - assume the reading skills of the non-fluent speaker are well established and it is just an articulation problem.
learn to transfer knowledge and skills they acquire in one content area to use or apply in another area.
One of the advantages of the thematic unit method of teaching content is that students A.who miss a day of the unit may miss important connections needed to understand concepts. B.from another culture may not be able to access some concepts. C.who are not interested in the topic may be unwilling to participate for the duration of the unit. D.learn to transfer knowledge and skills they acquire in one content area to use or apply in another area.
reasoning develops through isolation and independent thought.
Research on early adolescent reasoning provides evidence of all of the following except that A.academic achievement and the development of reasoning skills are linked. B.reasoning develops through isolation and independent thought. C.early adolescence is a time of transition in the development of reasoning. D.reasoning develops interactively.
standard deviation.
Standardized test scores often provide the measure of how spread out students' scores are to help educators interpret test results. Knowing this measure provides a way of understanding what scores are below average, average, and above average. This measure is called the A.percentile. B.stanine score. C.raw score. D.standard deviation.
teachable moment.
Students are assigned readings on drone warfare. In the discussion that follows, one student brings up the morality issue. Opinions bubble up among multiple students as the class becomes engaged in an authentic exploration of the topic. Facilitating a discussion about this topic is an example of taking advantage of a A.teachable moment. B.collaborative environment. C.risk-taking environment. D.moral digression.
allow Ms. Abermann to check the students' understanding of the article.
Students have just read an article about the causes of global warming. Ms. Abermann asks the following question: "What factors are said to contribute toward global warming?" This type of question will A.provide practice for students' development of divergent thinking. B.allow Ms. Abermann to check the students' understanding of the article. C.require students to think critically about the article. D.help students develop insight to interpret the author's meaning.
formal operational stage
Students in grades 7 through 12 are developing cognitive skills. They are able to reason in more idealistic, abstract, and logical ways. These cognitive skills exemplify which of the following stages of cognitive development according to Piaget? A.sensorimotor stage B.preoperational stage C.concrete operational stage D.formal operational stage
reciprocal teaching
Students learn to question, clarify, summarize, and predict to improve their ability to monitor their understanding of text as they apply strategies on their own through
The student is showing disrespect for the teacher.
Teachers often expect students to maintain eye contact during conversations. However, some factors influence students to avoid making eye contact. Which of the following is the least acceptable reason for a student to avoid making eye contact with a teacher based on American school culture expectations? A.The student is not engaged in the conversation. B.The student's culture traditionally shows respect for elders by lowering the eyes. C.The student is showing disrespect for the teacher. D.The teacher is confronting the student.
content-area teachers must be aware of literacy instructional approaches that can be integrated within their existing curricula
The findings of the National Institute for Literacy indicate: - content-area teachers are not responsible for improving adolescent literacy skills. - the primary responsibility of content-area teachers should be to improve adolescents' literacy skills. - content-area teachers must be aware of literacy instructional approaches that can be integrated within their existing curricula. - the needs of diverse learners cannot be assessed accurately by content-area teachers.
attempted solutions to solving the national debt and their potential results.
The following graphic organizer—a network tree—would best be used to illustrate: - the life cycle of a butterfly. - the sequence of steps to conducting a lab experiment. - the causal interaction of an election. - attempted solutions to solving the national debt and their potential results.
mainstream and integrate students with handicaps into general education classes.
The main objective for PL 94-142 is to: - mainstream and integrate students with handicaps into general education classes. - provide equal education for children of all cultures and races. - extend health insurance for all students living with their parents up to the age of 25. - restrict the working age for children to 16.
teacher questioning.
The most common form of formative assessment at the middle- and high-school levels is: - state tests across the content areas. - teacher questioning. - performance criteria. - the use of student think alouds.
an assessment portfolio.
There are several kinds of portfolios. One type of portfolio involves students collecting items that reflect the content of the curriculum. Students write reflective comments to demonstrate their mastery of the objectives of the curriculum. This type of portfolio that documents what a student has learned is referred to as A.a showcase portfolio. B.a working portfolio. C.an assessment portfolio. D.a display portfolio.
Inquiry Chart
This table is an example of
The student achieved a score that is higher than 87% of the score of all of the other students who took the same test.
What does it mean if a student receives a 87th percentile on a standardized test? A.The student achieved a score that is higher than 87% of the score of all of the other students who took the same test. B.The student scored lower than 87 out of 100 students taking the test. C.The student scored higher than 87 out of 1,000 students taking the test. D.The student got 87 out of 100 answers correct.
how to Skype with other math teachers
Which of the following would be the least valuable topic for a study group of high school math teachers to pursue for the objective of improving students' learning? A.how to Skype with other math teachers B.how to integrate technology into the math curriculum C.strategies for helping students comprehend math text D.metacognitive writing in math class
multiple levels of performance criteria grouped together under several numeric scores, such as 3, 2, and 1
Which of the following best describes what a holistic rubric to assess a student's essay on Republican and Democratic perspectives might look like? A.multiple levels of performance criteria grouped together under several numeric scores, such as 3, 2, and 1 B.several rows of criteria divided into columns of levels of performance for each criterion C.ranges of percentile scores D.a list of individual performance criteria with columns to check off levels of performance
It is an act of fraud.
Which of the following choices best explains why plagiarism is illegal? A.It is copying someone's work. B.It is an act of fraud. C.It is borrowing someone's work. D.It is a scandalous act.
A reader is motivated, has prior knowledge about a topic, and uses effective strategies as she reads a passage.
Which of the following is an example of self-regulation? - A student working in a collaborative group of peers is in charge of assessing that all members of the group are doing their assigned jobs. - A reader is motivated, has prior knowledge about a topic, and uses effective strategies as she reads a passage. - A writer directs his performance toward goals he wants to achieve. - A writer perceives that she has control over her writing.
the time of day
Which of the following is least likely to influence personal space and touching? - a person's culture - the gender of the parties involved - the time of day - the familiarity between the parties involved
Describe the contexts in which nominalization would be used.
Which of the following is the best example of a question/prompt that would facilitate a student's factual recall? - How does the character John Proctor in The Crucible compare with other characters you know? - How did you get your answer to problem four? - Describe the contexts in which nominalization would be used. - Is the solution a reasonable one considering the situation?
"I can see the amount of effort you've put into this already! I like that you've included ____. Have you considered adding ____ to support your claims?"
Which of the following is the best example of how a teacher can provide supportive feedback to help a student improve his essay writing? A."I can see the amount of effort you've put into this already! I like that you've included ____. Have you considered adding ____ to support your claims?" B."You've done a nice job so far. Don't forget to talk about ___, too." C."I think you can do better. Go back and add ___ then bring it back to me to check again." D."This is excellent! I'm so proud of you! I didn't realize you could write this way! Wow!"
Essays can highlight students' thought processes and their ability to synthesize, apply, and analyze knowledge.
Which of the following is the best reason to use essay questions to assess high-schoolers' work? A.Essays can be graded with a rubric. B.Essays can be written in an English language learner's native language, then converted to English for scoring. C.Essays prevent students from guessing the right response. D.Essays can highlight students' thought processes and their ability to synthesize, apply, and analyze knowledge.
Which of the following is the least effective way to increase communication with parents of high schoolers through technology? A.password-protected online grade books B.progress-report emails C.Facebook D.a class web page that posts homework daily
to evaluate students' understanding of a content chapter
Which of the following would be the most effective strategy for using a concept map as an assessment? A.to evaluate students' memorization of mathematical formulas B.to evaluate students' understanding of a content chapter C.to evaluate cooperation among group members in a collaborative project D.to evaluate students' writing skills
the ability to figure out the word a group of accurately sequenced letters makes.
Word identification or decoding refers to: - the ability to figure out the word a group of accurately sequenced letters makes. - knowing the definition of a word in isolation. - determining the meaning of a word by using context clues. - the ability to pick the word a person dictates out of a list of words.
