prenatal dev

Typical prenatal development lasts between A. 38 to 40 weeks B. 24 to 30 weeks C. 28 to 33 weeks D. 20 to 28 weeks

A. 38 to 40 weeks

The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as well as shockproof. A. Amniotic fluid. B. Pericardial fluid. C. Umbilical cord D. Placental wall.

A. Amniotic fluid.

A teratogen is any agent that can cause: A. Birth defects. B. Organogenesis. C. Fetal movement. D. Maternal back pain.

A. Birth defects.

_____ position refers to the baby's position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina. A. Breech. B. Fetal. C. Asynclitic. D. Standard

A. Breech.

The creation of the fertilized egg takes place in the _____ period of prenatal development A. Germinal B. Embryonic C. Implantation D. Fetal

A. Germinal

Which of the following is the first period of prenatal development? A. Germinal period. B. Fetal period C. Implantation period D. Embryonic period.

A. Germinal period.

Prenatal development can be divided into three periods: _____, _____, and _____. A. Germinal, embryonic, fetal B. preterm; germinal; post term C. gestational; germinal; postnatal D. fertile; embryonic; postterm

A. Germinal, embryonic, fetal

What is the rationale for the practice of waterbirth? A. It creates an environment similar to that inside the amniotic sac. B. Water pressure reduces the strain of contractions. C. Getting into water speeds up the labor process. D. Water makes the contractions more intense.

A. It creates an environment similar to that inside the amniotic sac.

Which of the following is TRUE of the stages of childbirth? A. The first stage is the longest of the three birth stages. B. The first stage terminates when the baby completely emerges from the mother's body. C. Uterine contractions start in the final stage of the birth process. D. The first stage of birth is longer for a woman who is having her second or third child.

A. The first stage is the longest of the three birth stages.

The _____ is like a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats. A. amnion B. umbilical cord C. cervix. D. placenta.

A. amnion

The _____ consists of an inner mass of cells that will eventually develop into the embryo. A. blastocyst B. trophoblast C. endoblast D. cytocyst

A. blastocyst

The outermost layer of the embryo is called the _____. A. ectoderm B. endoderm C. cytoderm D. mesoderm

A. ectoderm

The third stage of childbirth consists of: A. expulsion of the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes. B. introduction of the child to the mother. C. complete delivery of the child. D. cutting of the umbilical cord.

A. expulsion of the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes.

Which of the following substances is a large molecule that would NOT be able to pass through the placental wall? A. hormones B. salt C. carbon dioxide D. water

A. hormones

Implantation of the zygote to the uterine wall occurs at about _____ days after conception A. 6 to 8 B. 11 to 15 C. 11 to 15 D. 14 to 16

B. 11 to 15

What is the recommended daily dosage of folic acid for pregnant women, as issued the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services? A. 100 milligrams B. 400 micrograms C. 200 milligrams D. 300 milligrams

B. 400 micrograms

By the end of the _____, contractions dilate the cervix to an opening of about 10 centimeters (4 inches), so that the baby can move from the uterus to the birth canal. A. Second trimester B. First birth stage C. Third trimester D. Second birth stage

B. First birth stage

The lack of _____ in maternal nutrition has been associated with neural tube defects in offspring. A. Vitamin C B. Folic acid C. Ferrous sulfate D. Vitamin E

B. Folic acid

Sylvia is almost nine months pregnant and very close to her delivery date. The doctors have found that she has an active case of genital herpes. Which of the following is the best course of action to prevent Sylvia's baby from contracting the disease? A. Terminate the pregnancy B. Perform a cesarean section C. Deliver the baby through the birth canal D. Give the baby blood transfusion

B. Perform a cesarean section

Alicia is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Which of the following is her baby MORE likely to have than is the baby of a nonsmoker? A. Facial and limb deformities. B. Sudden infant death syndrome. C. Cleft palate. D. Tremors and increased general irritability.

B. Sudden infant death syndrome.

Tammy is pregnant with her first child. She tells you that she loves swordfish and has it for dinner two or three times a week. Based on current research, what should you advise Tammy about her diet? A. Swordfish is a great source of protein and she should continue to consume it. B. Swordfish is not recommended for pregnant women because it can contain high levels of mercury. C. Swordfish is not as good for her as king mackerel; she should try to eat more mackerel. D. Swordfish is a good part of her diet, but Tammy should also eat other large fish that contain omega-3 fatty acids.

B. Swordfish is not recommended for pregnant women because it can contain high levels of mercury.

The blastocyst is composed of an inner layer of cells that develops during the germinal period and that will finally develop into the _____. A. placenta B. embryo C. umbilical cord D. gamete

B. embryo

The _____ is a layer of the embryo which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. endoderm D. epidermis

B. mesoderm

"Teratogen" comes from the Greek word "tera", which means "_____". A. deformed B. monster C. earth D. Evil

B. monster

About _____ of all children who are born through the birth canal of a mother with active genital herpes become brain damaged. A. one-third B. one-fourth C. one-half D. one-tenth

B. one-fourth

The fetal period begins _____ months after conception and lasts until birth. A. five B. two C. three D. four

B. two

At the peak of neurogenesis, it is estimated that as many as _____ neurons are being generated every minute. A. 500 B. 3,000 C. 200,000 D. 10,000

C. 200,000

At birth, the average American baby weighs _____ pounds and is approximately _____ inches long. A. 6½ pounds; 18 inches B. 5½ pounds; 15 inches C. 7½ pounds; 20 inches D. 5½ pounds; 15 inches

C. 7½ pounds; 20 inches

_____ occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube in a process called fertilization. A. Ovulation B. Meiosis C. Conception D. Mitosis

C. Conception

Which of the following is the period of development that occurs two to eight weeks after conception? A. Placental B. Fetal C. Embryonic D. Germinal

C. Embryonic

Which of the following is a threat to the infant caused by the breech position? A. Bone malformation. B. Down syndrome. C. Respiratory problems. D. Spina bifida.

C. Respiratory problems

The third stage of childbirth is also referred to as: A. postpartum. B. umbilical procedure. C. afterbirth. D. detachment.

C. afterbirth.

The _____ consists of three layers of cells: the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the ectoderm A. fetus B. trophoblast C. embryo D. blastocyst

C. embryo

The second stage of childbirth begins with the _____ and ends with the _____. A. emergence of the child's head; delivery of the placenta B. opening of the cervix; delivery of the child out of the mother C. emergence of the child's head; delivery of the child out of the mother D. opening of the cervix; delivery of the placenta

C. emergence of the child's head; delivery of the child out of the mother

The embryo's _____ develops into the digestive and respiratory systems. A. mesoderm B. ectoderm C. endoderm D. trophoblast

C. endoderm

The middle layer of the embryo is called the _____. A. cytoderm B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. ectoderm

C. mesoderm

The _____ is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo. A. ectoderm B. perineum C. trophoblast D. cytocyst

C. trophoblast

The life-support systems for the embryo include the: A. digestive system, umbilical cord, and amnion. B. circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems. C. umbilical cord, placenta, and amnion. D. nervous system, digestive system, and umbilical cord.

C. umbilical cord, placenta, and amnion.

By the time babies are born, they have approximately _____ neurons. A. 10 million B. 200 million C. 1 billion D. 100 billion

D. 100 billion

About _____ weeks after conception, the fetus for the first time has a chance of surviving outside of the womb. A. 4 to 8 B. 16 to 18 C. 10 to 12 D. 24 to 25

D. 24 to 25

Which of the following is a small molecule that would be able to pass through the placental wall? A. Red blood cells B. Hormones C. Maternal waste D. Carbon dioxide

D. Carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy? A. It is wise to consume alcohol in moderation at the time of conception. B. One or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week can have positive effects on the fetus. C. One or two servings of hard liquor a few days a week can have positive effects on the fetus. D. No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

D. No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

_____ act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. A. Antiemetics B. Biofeedback therapies C. Anti hypertensives D. Psychoactive drugs

D. Psychoactive drugs

Which maternal age group has increased risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and fetal death? A. Eighteen years or younger B. Between 18 and 25 years C. Between 19 and 30 years D. Thirty-five years and older

D. Thirty-five years and older

The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother's body, is called the _____. A. amnion. B. placenta. C. embryo. D. Umbilical cord.

D. Umbilical cord.

The inner layer of cells of the embryo is referred to as the: A. mesoderm. B. epidermis. C. endometrium D. endoderm

D. endoderm

The germinal period of development takes place in the _____ after conception A. first three months B. first seven weeks C. first two months D. first two weeks

D. first two weeks

A group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not connect is the _____. A. embryo. B. umbilical cord. C. amnion. D. placenta

D. placenta.