Prep U - Immunity
Which of the following cell types are involved in humoral immunity? B lymphocytes Memory T lymphocyte Helper T lymphocyte Suppressor T lymphocyte
B lymphocytes
A client with a history of dermatitis takes corticosteroids on a regular basis. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following complications of therapy? Agranulocytosis Thrombocytopenia Anemia Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression
The nurse is reviewing the chart of a client with lymphoma. Which of the following findings would best indicate to the nurse that the client has Hodgkin's disease as opposed to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? Reed-Sternberg cells are found diagnostically. Client is of male gender. The spleen is enlarged. Client is 58 years old.
Reed-Sternberg cells are found diagnostically.
The home health nurse is assessing a client who is immunosuppressed. What is the most essential teaching for this client and the family? The importance of maintaining the client's vaccination status The need to report any slight changes in the client's health status How to promote immune function through nutrition How to choose antibiotics based on the client's symptoms
The need to report any slight changes in the client's health status
The nurse is instructing the family on home care of a client with shingles. The family member asks whether their teenage children should stay in a different room. What is the best response by the nurse? "Yes, shingles is highly contagious." "Because the client is in quite a bit of pain, it would probably be best." "No, shingles is not contagious." "Have they had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine?"
"Have they had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine?"
The parent of a pediatric client tells the nurse, "I do not believe in vaccinations." What is the appropriate nursing response? "Vaccines are the only way to halt disease." "Help me understand your perspective about vaccinating." "Vaccinations have been shown to contribute to autism." "Why do you not want to vaccinate your child?"
"Help me understand your perspective about vaccinating."
During a mumps outbreak at a local school, a patient, who is a school teacher, is exposed. She has previously been immunized for mumps. What type of immunity does she possess? Natural immunity Humoral immunity Acquired immunity Phagocytic immunity
Acquired immunity
A gardener sustained a deep laceration while working and requires sutures. The patient is asked about the date of his last tetanus shot, which he tells the nurse was more than 10 years ago. Based on this information, the patient will receive a tetanus immunization. The tetanus injection will allow for the release of what? An antibody A virus A bacteria An antigen
An antibody
The nurse assesses the client and observes reddish-purple to dark blue macules, plaques, and nodules. The nurse recognizes that these manifestations are associated with which condition? Allergic reactions Kaposi sarcoma Syphilis Platelet disorders
Kaposi sarcoma
The nurse is aware that the phagocytic immune response, one of the body's responses to invasion, involves the ability of cells to ingest foreign particles. Which of the following engulfs and destroys invading agents? Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils Macrophages
Macrophages
A client's absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is 440/mm3 but the nurse's assessment reveals no apparent signs or symptoms of infection. What action should the nurse prioritize when providing care for this client? Meticulous hand hygiene Provision of a nutrient-dense diet Timely administration of antibiotics Maintaining a sterile care environment
Meticulous hand hygiene
A nurse reading a chart notes that the client had a Mantoux skin test result with no induration and a 1-mm area of ecchymosis. How does the nurse interpret this result? Negative Borderline Positive Uncertain
Negative
A 20-year-old client cut a hand while replacing a window. While reviewing the complete blood count (CBC) with differential, the nurse would expect which cell type to be elevated first in an attempt to prevent infection in the client's hand? B cells Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils
Neutrophils
During flu season, a nurse is teaching clients about the chain of infection. What components are considered "links" in this chain? Select all that apply. infectious agent fomites virulence susceptible host portal of entry
infectious agent portal of entry susceptible host
What types of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Select all that apply. foreign cells infectious cells cancerous cells typical cells
infectious cells foreign cells cancerous cells
Which type of shock occurs from an antigen-antibody response? Neurogenic Septic Cardiogenic Anaphylactic
Anaphylactic
What treatment option does the nurse anticipate for the patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)? Bone marrow transplantation Radiation therapy Removal of the thymus gland Antibiotics
Bone marrow transplantation
A nurse educator is explaining that patients with primary immunodeficiencies are living longer than in past decades because of advances in medical treatment. This increased longevity is associated with an increased risk of what? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Dementia Cancer Pulmonary fibrosis
Cancer
A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives. What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring? An immediate hypersensitivity response Anaphylactic reaction Delayed hypersensitivity response Sensitization
Delayed hypersensitivity response
A client tells the nurse that she doesn't want to sign the hepatitis B vaccination consent form because she heard that, "vaccinations can cause autism." What's the most appropriate nursing interaction? Supporting the client's decision because all vaccines have associated risks Telling the client that such information hasn't been substantiated Encouraging the client to discuss the issue with the pediatrician at the infant's 2-week check-up Discussing the purpose of the vaccine and providing the client with written information
Discussing the purpose of the vaccine and providing the client with written information
A client is being treated for bacterial pneumonia. In the first stages of illness, the client's dyspnea was accompanied by a high fever. Currently, the client claims to be feeling better and is afebrile. The client is most likely in which stage of the immune response? Proliferation stage Effector stage Recognition stage Response stage
Effector stage
A client with AIDS is brought to the clinic by their family. The family tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms? HIV encephalopathy Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) Candidiasis
HIV encephalopathy
The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of AIDS. Inspection of the client's mouth reveals the new presence of white lesions on the client's oral mucosa. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? Attempt to remove the lesions with a tongue depressor. Inform the primary provider of this finding. Encourage the client to gargle with salt water twice daily. Make a referral to the unit's dietitian.
Inform the primary provider of this finding.
A public health nurse promoting the annual influenza vaccination is focusing health promotion efforts on the populations most vulnerable to death from influenza. The nurse should focus on which of the following groups? Preschool-aged children Adults with diabetes and/or kidney disease Infants under the age of 12 months Older adults with compromised health status
Older adults with compromised health status
The parents of a 3-year-old boy have just been informed that allergy testing suggests their son has multiple food allergies. When providing health education for this family, what subject should the nurse prioritize? Possible sources of food allergens and strategies for avoiding offending foods Alternative nutritional delivery systems The appropriate use of antihistamines in pediatric patients Coping strategies for the lifestyle changes that their son's diagnosis necessitates
Possible sources of food allergens and strategies for avoiding offending foods
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity? B lymphocyte Basophil Plasma cell T lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
A client's decline in respiratory and renal function has been attributed to Goodpasture syndrome, which is a type II hypersensitivity reaction. What pathologic process underlies the client's health problem? Antigens have bound to antibodies and formed inappropriate immune complexes. The client's body has mistakenly identified a normal constituent of the body as foreign. Sensitized T cells have caused cell and tissue damage. Mast cells have released histamines that directly cause cell lysis.
The client's body has mistakenly identified a normal constituent of the body as foreign.
T-cell deficiency occurs when which gland fails to develop normally during embryogenesis? Thyroid Thymus Pituitary Adrenal
Thymus
The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old recently diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Which statement, made by the parents, indicates the need for clarification of teaching. Select all that apply. "I read that ALL is a rare form of childhood leukemia." "I am glad that there's a 95% chance of obtaining a first remission with treatment." "I realize that the adverse effects of chemotherapy includes sleepiness, alopecia, and stomatitis." "Because of the increased risk of bleeding, I will eliminate evening teeth brushing." "I will not discipline my child during this difficult time." "I understand that ALL affects all blood-forming organs and systems throughout the body."
"I understand that ALL affects all blood-forming organs and systems throughout the body." "I realize that the adverse effects of chemotherapy includes sleepiness, alopecia, and stomatitis." "I am glad that there's a 95% chance of obtaining a first remission with treatment."