PrepU Chapter 15
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. The nurse knows that the client has left-sided heart failure when the client makes which statement?
"I sleep on three pillows each night."
A client has had an echocardiogram to measure ejection fraction. The nurse explains that ejection fraction is the percentage of blood the left ventricle ejects upon contraction. What is the typical percentage of blood a healthy heart ejects?
55%
cardiogenic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.
A nurse is assessing a client and suspects that the client may be experiencing cardiogenic shock. Which assessment finding would support the nurse's suspicion? Select all that apply.
Agitation, oliguria, cold/clammy skin
The nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. What assessment finding is expected?
Air hunger
Which is a key diagnostic indicator of heart failure?
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Medical management of cardiac failure uses similar methodology whether it is right-sided or left-sided. Measures such as dietary modification, lifestyle changes, medications to reduce dyspnea and relieve anxiety, etc. are all used with one primary intention. The primary goal in the medical management of heart failure is to reduce:
Cardiac workload
The nurse has completed a head-to-toe assessment of a patient who was admitted for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Which of the following assessment findings should signal to the nurse a possible exacerbation of the patient's condition?
Crackles are audible on chest auscultation.
A client asks the nurse if systolic heart failure will affect any other body function. What body system response correlates with systolic heart failure (HF)?
Decrease in renal perfusion
Which medication reverses digitalis toxicity?
Digoxin immune FAB (Digibind)
The nurse assessing a client with an exacerbation of heart failure identifies which symptom as a cerebrovascular manifestation of heart failure (HF)?
Dizziness
The diagnosis of heart failure is usually confirmed by which of the following?
Echocardiogram
A client with acute pericarditis is exhibiting distended jugular veins, tachycardia, tachypnea, and muffled heart sounds. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of what occurrence?
Excess pericardial fluid compresses the heart and prevents adequate diastolic filling.
The nurse is teaching a client about medications prescribed for severe volume overload from heart failure. What diuretic is the first-line treatment for clients diagnosed with heart failure?
Furosemide (gets rid of extra K+)
The nurse is caring for a client with advanced heart failure. What treatment will be considered after all other therapies have failed?
Heart transplant
The nurse completes an assessment of a client admitted with a diagnosis of right-sided heart failure. What will be a significant clinical finding related to right-sided heart failure?
Pitting edema
A nurse caring for a client recently admitted to the ICU observes the client coughing up large amounts of pink, frothy sputum. Lung auscultation reveals course crackles to lower lobes bilaterally. Based on this assessment, the nurse recognizes this client is developing
decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema.
Digitalis
is a cardiac glycoside used to treat certain heart conditions such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and heart rhythm problems (atrial arrhythmias). It works directly on the heart muscle to strengthen and regulate the heartbeat
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
is used to treat heart failure and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It helps the heart work better and it helps control your heart rate. also slows electrical conduction between the atria and the ventricles of the heart and is useful in treating abnormally rapid atrial rhythms
Which term describes the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole?
preload
