PrepU chapters 27,28,29
An older patient presents with a perforation of a peptic ulcer. The nurse will monitor for signs and symptoms of which of the following problems?
Peritonitis
The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with a ruptured appendix will assess for which high-risk complication?
Peritonitis
Select the phase of swallowing that prevents food from entering the nasopharynx when a patient is eating.
Pharyngeal
The swallowing reflex is an ordered sequence of events. In which of the following phases is the epiglottis moved so that it covers the larynx?
Pharyngeal phase
A client presents with pain, severe constipation, abdominal distention, dehydration, and vomiting. The nurse would prepare the client for which diagnostic test?
Plain film radiography of the abdomen
A 71-year-old client reports to the nurse that he often notices a pink tinge to his urine. Upon further questioning, he states that he experiences no pain when voiding and has not noticed any change in the frequency of his voiding. Which response by the nurse is best?
Promptly report this finding to the client's primary care provider.
Which of the following is the primary purpose of the mucosal barrier in the gastrointestinal tract?
Protection from acid secretion
Which of the following statements is true concerning food digestion?
Protein digestion begins in the stomach.
A patient has recently been diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis. The nurse knows that this form of gastritis is usually treated with a combination of an antibiotic and:
Proton Pump inhibitors
Regurgitation of bile salts and duodenal contents can lead to gastric ulcers. Which of the following structures prevents this from happening?
Pyloric sphincter
Which functions apply to gastrointestinal secretions? Select all that apply.
Pyloric sphincter
Celiac disease commonly presents in infancy as failure to thrive. It is an inappropriate T-cell-mediated immune response, and there is no cure for it. What is the treatment of choice for celiac disease?
Removal of gluten from the diet
A client reports chronic cramping, bloating and diarrhea and is diagnosed with a deficiency in brush border enzymes within his small intestine. Which meal/snack is high in carbs and protein and likely will exacerbate the client's signs and symptoms?
Roast beef and a baked potato.
Which of the following are accessory organs that also aid in digestion? Select all that apply.
Salivary glands Liver Pancreas
A patient is experiencing reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. The nurse determines that the problem may result from:
Gastroesophageal sphincter.
Parents of a toddler report that he often refuses food and grimaces when he swallows. The mother is worried that he ate something inappropriate this morning, because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team first suspect?
Gastrointestinal reflux
A student is comparing the actions of the gastrointestinal hormones. Which of the following hormones acts as an appetite-stimulating signal?
Ghrelin
A client informs the nurse that she is afraid of developing bladder cancer because her mother had it. She asks the nurse what signs and symptoms are present with this cancer. What does the nurse tell the client is the most common sign of bladder cancer?
Gross hematuria
In the balance of secretions in the gastric mucosa by the parietal cells, which of the following ions is produced to buffer the production of hydrochloric acid?
HCO3-
The most common forms of peptic ulcer are duodenal and gastric ulcers. Which of the following are the most common risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
A patient is diagnosed with Crohn's disease. The nurse instructs the patient on which of the following types of dietary needs?
High-calorie, vitamin, and protein diet
A patient asks the nurse what part of the brain regulates appetite. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Hypothalamus
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male client with a longstanding hiatal hernia. Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias?
If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result.
Which anatomical structures are contained in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Ileocecal valve Appendix Sigmoid colon
A client has visited their healthcare provider reporting intermittent passing blood-tinged urine over the last several weeks. Cytology confirms a diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer. Which statements by the provider is most accurate about treatment options?
"It's likely that you'll need surgery; possibly a procedure called a cystectomy."
A student is comparing the two patterns of contractions in the small intestine. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
"Segmentation waves function mainly to mix the chyme with the digestive enzymes from the pancreas."
The client has just been diagnosed with bladder cancer and asks the nurse what causes it. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response to the client?
"The cause is unknown."
A gastroenterologist is teaching a group of students about the enteric nervous system in preparation for a consult with a client who has experienced a spinal cord injury. Which of the physician's teaching points is most accurate?
"The enteric nervous system is made up of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses; these are located in the wall of the GI tract."
The nursing instructor who is teaching about disorders of the lower urinary tract realizes a need for further instruction when one of the students makes which of the following statements?
"Alterations in bladder function can only occur when there is incontinence."
The gastrointestinal laboratory nurse is learning about small intestine secretions. Which of the following explanations is most accurate?
"An extensive array of mucus-producing glands, called Brunner glands, is concentrated where contents from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas enter the duodenum."
A young adult client is currently in a rehabilitation facility following a spinal cord injury at level T2. They are discussing long term options for continence management. Which statement demonstrates the client has a clear understanding of the issue?
"An indwelling catheter certainly would work well, but it comes with a number of risks and possible complications."
A young mother asks,"Why can my 3-year-old daughter have a bowel movement on the toilet but she wets her pants?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Bowel control occurs earlier than bladder control."
A patient with diabetes mellitus states, "I can eat as many carbohydrates as I want and it will not affect my blood sugar." Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."
The nursing instructor who is teaching about incontinence in the elderly recognizes a need for further instruction when one of the students makes which of the following statements?
"Frequency is not a major problem for the elderly."
Which of the following would help a nurse best explain an "incretin effect"?
"It is an increase in insulin release after ingestion of food."
Which would be considered the function of secretory glands in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply.
"It is an increase in insulin release after ingestion of food."
While studying the esophagus, a student is able to correctly state which of the following to a faculty member?
"The smooth muscle layers provide the peristaltic movements needed to move food along the length of the esophagus."
A male patient has just been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. He knew he was losing weight and fatigued most days, but he just attributed it to aging and working. The physician recommends chemotherapy and irradiation. However, the cancer has already metastasized. The patient asks the nurse what he can expect if he agrees to the treatments. The nurse responds:
"The therapies may shrink the cancer in an effort to increase survival of the cancer."
A patient takes 650 mg of aspirin every 4 hours daily for complaints of joint pain. Which of the following statements should be included in the patient's teaching plan?
"This medication can damage gastric mucosa."
A patient has a postvoid residual (PVR) volume of 250 mL. Which of the following information would the nurse tell the patient?
"This value indicates you are having difficulty emptying your bladder."
A 71 year-old male has been recently diagnosed with a stage III tumor of colorectal cancer, and is attempting to increase his knowledge base of his diagnosis. Which of the following statements about colorectal cancer demonstrates a sound understanding of the disease?
"While diet is thought to play a role in the development of colorectal cancer, the ultimate causes are largely unknown."
A mother asks, "why can't my 1 year old go to the bathroom by himself?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Your child is too young to begin toilet training."
Following a history of gastric pain and an endoscopy, a client has been diagnosed with a duodenal peptic ulcer. Which of the following teaching points should his caregiver provide?
"Your family history, your smoking history and NSAID use may all have contributed to this problem."
A client is diagnosed with pernicious anemia and asks, "Why is my body is not able to absorb vitamin B12?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
"Your stomach is not secreting a substance known as intrinsic factor which is needed to absorb vitamin B12."
The nursing students have learned in class that causes of urinary obstruction and urinary incontinence include which of the following? Select all that apply.
-Impairment of neurologic control of bladder function. -Structural changes in the urethra. -Structural changes in the bladder.
A patient has experienced a stroke affecting the reticular formation of the medulla and lower pons. The nurse tells the patient's wife that care must be taken with eating to prevent which of the following?
Aspiration pneumonia
Select the client at greatest risk for developing colorectal cancer.
A 64-year-old female whose mother had colorectal cancer
The nurse has been providing dietary teaching to a client diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client selects:
A bran muffin, fruit, and orange juice.
The nurse is reviewing the medical history of four clients. The nurse determines that the client at greatest risk for developing peptic ulcer disease is:
A client with a prior diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and refused treatment
The nurse is evaluating client risk for the development of overactive bladder/urge incontinence and determines that which client is at highest risk is for this condition?
A client with diabetes mellitus
The patient who has been admitted with a problem with his bladder has a postvoid residual (PVR) of 250 ml. The nurse understands that this indicates which of the following?
Inadequate bladder emptying
Which of the following assessments indicates to the nurse that a patient may have a spastic bladder dysfunction?
Incontinence
During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will:
A. stimulate the release of secretin which then inhibits release of gastrin.
Absorption is a major function of the GI tract. How is absorption accomplished in the GI tract?
Active transport and diffusion
A warehouse worker is experiencing trouble with incontinence, especially when lifting heavy objects. What intervention is most appropriate for this client's needs?
Administration of a-adrenergic agonistic drugs as ordered
The mother of a 19 week-old infant has brought her baby in for assessment to a pediatrician because of the baby's persistent weight loss and diarrhea. An intestinal biopsy has confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease, and the child's mother is anxious to know what caused the disease. Which of the following aspects of the etiology of celiac disease would underlie the explanation that the physician provides?
An inappropriate T-cell mediated response results in increased levels of antibodies and an inflammatory response.
Which of the following accurately describes the etiology of stress incontinence?
An increase in intra-abdominal pressure which results in involuntary urination
A resident of a long term care facility has contracted Clostridium difficile with frequent diarrhea and hyperactive bowel sounds. What process in the small intestine is most likely accompanying his current status?
Inflammation is accompanied by an increase in peristaltic movements of his small intestine.
A client who has suffered a spinal cord injury at C4 is experiencing a sudden change in condition. Their BP is 186/101; heart rate 45; profusely sweating and complaining of "not feeling right." Which intervention should the nurse perform at this time?
Palpate their bladder for overdistention.
Which of the following statements is true concerning gastric enterocytes?
They secrete enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins.
The incidence of stomach cancer has significantly decreased in the United States, yet it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The nurse understands the reason for the high mortality rate in stomach cancer is because of which of the following reasons?
Patients have few early symptoms of the disease.
A nurse is caring for a patient in spinal shock. Which of the following interventions is appropriate in relation to the patient's urinary status?
Perform intermittent catheterization
Which of the following types of pharmacological therapy does the nurse anticipate administering to a patient for treatment of a spastic bladder in order to decrease bladder hyperactivity?
Anticholinergic medications
A nurse is reviewing the admission assessment data of a client diagnosed with acute gastritis. The nurse determines that the condition most likely occurred as a result of:
Arthritis treated with high levels of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) agents
An elderly patient presents with loose mucousy stools. The nurse suspects the patient has Clostridium difficile. What is a priority assessment for the nurse?
Ask the patient about his or her antibiotic use.
An elderly resident of an assisted living facility has been consistently continent of urine until the last several weeks. Which intervention by the care providers at the facility is the most likely priority?
Performing a physical examination and history to determine the exact cause and character of the incontinence.
Symptoms of gastric cancer include vague epigastric pain, which makes early detection difficult. The nurse would expect a patient to undergo which of the following diagnostic examinations to determine the location of the gastric cancer?
Barium x-ray
The nursing instructor, while teaching about renal function and disorders, informs the students that the most frequent form of urinary tract cancer is which of the following?
Bladder
The nurse is caring for a client with a sacral cord injury that resulted in loss of the perception of bladder fullness and loss of voluntary urination. When planning care for the client, the nurse should include which nursing interventions?
Bladder retraining
Which enzymes adhere to the border of the villus structures to allow access to carbohydrate and protein molecules?
Brush border
Serous fluid is contained in which of the following?
Peritoneal cavity
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected dysphagia. Which cranial nerves (CN) should the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
CN V CN IX CN X CN XII
Which of the following statements is true concerning the digestion of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed.
A student is studying gallbladder function. Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones stimulates contraction of the gallbladder?
Cholecystokinin
Crohn's disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be defined by which of the following descriptions?
Cobblestone
Crohn's disease is treated by several measures. Treatment with sulfasalazine will focus on which aspect of this disease?
Cobblestone
An elderly patient has been placed on a broad-spectrum antibiotic for a recurrent urinary tract infection. Which of the following potential problems would the nurse anticipate in this patient?
Colonization of Clostridium difficile
A client has been diagnosed with a defect in the plyoric sphincter. How will the nurse explain the likely consequence of a dysfunctional pyloric sphincter?
Contents from the small intestine may flow back into the stomach.
A 28-year-old man presents with complaints of diarrhea, fecal urgency, and weight loss. His stool is light-colored and malodorous, and it tends to float and be difficult to flush. He has also noted tender, red bumps on his shins and complains of pain and stiffness in his elbows and knees. Sigmoidoscopy reveals discontinuous, granulomatous lesions; no blood is detected in his stool. Which of the following diagnoses would his care team first suspect?
Crohn disease
A young man presents reporting diarrhea, fecal urgency, and weight loss. His stool is light-coloured and malodorous, and it tends to float and be difficult to flush. He has also noted tender, red bumps on his shins and reports pain and stiffness in his elbows and knees. Sigmoidoscopy reveals discontinuous, granulomatous lesions; no blood is detected in his stool. Which diagnosis would his care team first suspect?
Crohn disease
A nurse reading a sigmoidoscopy report notes that a patient was found to have skip lesions. The nurse interprets this as an indication of which of the following?
Crohn's disease
A patient is admitted with chronic gastritis. The nurse expects which of the following invasive tests to be performed to establish the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
Endoscopic biopsy
Which physiologic change in the elderly population contributes to urinary incontinence?
Decline in detrusor muscle function
The patient tells the nurse that she is very anxious and that her pulse is racing. Which of the following will the nurse expect to see in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Dry mouth
The common bile duct opens into which of the following parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
Duodenum
A client has just been diagnosed with a neurogenic disorder of the bladder. The nurse caring for him understands that this means that this client could demonstrate which of the following? Select all that apply.
Failure to store urine Failure to empty urine
The nurse is teaching her patient with hepatobiliary disease about her diet. She tells her that she may have steatorrhea, which is the malabsorption of which dietary component?
Fat
Good hand-washing techniques are important in healthcare. The nurse knows that bacterial infections can be prevented by good hand-washing techniques. Which of the following routes of transmission is most common for Clostridium difficile?
Fecal-oral transmission
The colon is home to between 300 and 500 different species of bacteria. What is their main metabolic function?
Fermentation of undigestible dietary residue
Crohn's disease has a distinguishing pattern in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The surface has granulomatous lesions surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. A complication of the pattern includes which of the following?
Fistula formation
In patients with acute diarrhea, many require no treatment. However, the nurse knows the priority assessment in all patients with diarrhea is which of the following?
Fluid and electrolyte status
An anatomy student explains that the funnel-shaped portion of the stomach that connects with the intestine is called which region?
Fundus
A patient is admitted to the medical surgical unit with a history of inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse knows that the clinical manifestations of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the result of activation of which of the following cells?
Inflammatory
A 22 year-old student has developed a fever and diarrhea while on a backpacking trip in Southeast Asia. His oral temperature is 101.40 F. The diarrhea is bloody, frequent, and small in volume. These clinical manifestations are sufficiently distressing that he/she is visiting a local medical clinic in the area. Which of the following diagnoses best characterizes this health problem?
Inflammatory diarrhea
A nurse is caring for a patient admitted for chemotherapy due to bladder cancer. Which route would the nurse anticipate that the chemotherapy will be administered when the goal is to minimize systemic side effects?
Intravesical
Which substance necessary for vitamin B12 absorption is produced by the parietal cells in the stomach?
Intrinsic factor
A 67-year-old retired textile worker has developed bladder cancer. His history shows that he smoked for 25 years and is 14 kg overweight. What conclusion can the nurse best draw about the etiology and pathophysiology of his bladder cancer?
It is caused by carcinogens that are excreted in the urine and stored in the bladder.
The dietitian explains to the patient that food is digested and absorbed in which of the following?
Jejunum
Which statement best communicates the nature of movements in the colon?
Large segments of the colon contract as a unit for around 30 seconds.
The nurse notes that a client has not voided in over 18 hours and is still unable to void when prompted. What is the nurse's priority assessment?
Last bowel movement
Diverticulitis is the herniation of tissue of the large intestine through the muscularis layer of the colon. It is often asymptomatic and is found in approximately 80% of people over the age of 85. Diverticulitis is often asymptomatic, but when symptoms do occur, what is the most common complaint of the client?
Lower left quadrant pain with nausea and vomiting
A stroke patient is having difficulty swallowing food and beverages. The patient complains that it feels like "the food is sticking to the back of their throat." Given this information, the priority nursing interventions would be to:
Make the patient "nothing per os" (NPO) and call the physician.
Crohn's disease not only affects adults but also can occur in children. The nurse assesses for which of the following major manifestations in children with Crohn's disease?
Malnutrition
A patient is admitted with an abrupt onset of referred pain to the epigastric area, with an episode of nausea. On the nurse's initial assessment, the patient is lying still and taking shallow breaths, with a rigid abdomen. Which of the following problems is the patient experiencing?
Peritonitis
A speech therapist is performing a swallowing assessment on a client who had a stroke since the health care team is considering the introduction of oral food. The client will most likely have conscious control over which process listed below involved in swallowing?
Moving a bolus to the posterior wall of the pharynx.
A nurse is teaching a client about the difference between digestion and absorption. Which action should the nurse describe as absorption?
Moving nutrients from the external environment of the GI tract into the internal environment
Which nerve plexus controls the motility along the length of the gut?
Myenteric
Which are functions of the digestive system? Select all that apply.
Nutrients are absorbed. Wastes are collected. Wastes are eliminated. Vitamins are synthesized.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his family physician because he has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to void with little warning during the day. Which is the most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem?
Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources.
A male client reports awakening three to four times nightly to void, and often has a sudden need to void with little warning during the day. What is this clients most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiological problem?
Overactive bladder that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources.
When teaching a community education class about the 7 warning signs of cancer, the nurse will note which is most common sign of bladder cancer?
Painless bloody urine.
A client asks the nurse what the most common sign/symptom of bladder cancer is. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Painless hematuria
Villi are anatomic features that contribute to the enlarged surface area of which of the following?
Small intestine
The results of a patient's 24-hour stool specimen indicate 20 g or more of fat. The nurse would interpret this as:
Steatorrhea
The cause of gastric carcinomas has been influenced by which of the following factors? Select all that apply.
Strain of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) • Environmental factors • Family history
A 40-year-old mother of three reports incontinence. Her physician suggests Kegel exercises, because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises are most likely to help which type of incontinence?
Stress incontinence
A patient is describing difficulty with urinating and informs the nurse that every time she coughs or laughs, she urinates and has begun to wear a thin pad. Which of the following types of urinary incontinence is the patient describing?
Stress incontinence
Because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, Kegel exercises are most likely to help which urinary problem?
Stress incontinence
A nurse administering a patient's medication tells the patient that a proton pump inhibitor has been added. When the patient asks the purpose of the medication, the nurse responds that it is to prevent which of the following?
Stress ulcer
A client is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of strangulated bowel. The nurse anticipates the client will need:
Surgery to release the bowel
The nurse caring for clients who have bladder cancer identifies which treatments to be acceptable for this cancer? Select all that apply.
Surgical removal Radiation therapy Chemotherapy
A elderly client with an upper respiratory infection for several weeks has presented with urinary retention. The client reports taking non-prescription cold medications over and above the suggested dose. Which medication most likely is contributing to this urinary retention?
The anticholinergic effects of the medication are impairing normal bladder function
An older adult states that he awakens at least three times each night to void. When assessing the client, what potential causative factor should the nurse prioritize?
The client takes his prescribed beta blocker and diuretic each evening at bedtime.
A client with a systemic infection has been given strong doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics for a period of 10 days. The infection recedes and he is taken off the antibiotic therapy. Two days later he presents with a Clostridium difficile infection. How should the nurse best interpret this situation?
The client's antibiotics disrupted the microbial balance and allowed overgrowth.
Urinary obstruction in the lower urinary tract triggers changes to the urinary system to compensate for the obstruction. What is an early change the system makes in its effort to cope with an obstruction?
The stretch receptors in the bladder wall become hypersensitive.
A number of clients on a geriatric subacute medical floor of a hospital have developed foul-smelling diarrhea over the last several days, and subsequent culture of stool samples has confirmed the presence of Clostridium difficile in each case. The care team on the unit would recognize that which of the following factors likely contributed to the health problem and would anticipate which of the following treatments?
The use of broad spectrum antibiotics likely played a role in the developments of the infections, and most clients would likely receive metronidazole as a treatment.
A parent asks the nurse what signs and symptoms a child would display if the child had a urinary tract infection. Which is the best response by the nurse?
They do not present with typical symptoms.
Which of the following substances is broken down by the emulsification process?
Triglycerides
Which enzymes are responsible for the breakdown of protein?
Trypsin and elastase
A client tells the nurse that he is experiencing involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to void (urgency). The nurse would recognize this as:
Urge incontinence
The nurse understands that medications although very beneficial to clients can also have harmful effects. When working with elderly clients the nurse should recognize which of the following is a common result of potent, fast-acting diuretics?
Urge incontinence
A patient is admitted with lower urinary tract obstruction and stasis. Which of the following is the primary intervention?
Urinary catheterization
A client asks the nurse why he experiences vomiting after eating pieces of expired sandwich meat and drinking six beers. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Vomiting limits the possibility of damage from ingested noxious agents.
Which of the following clinical manifestations would tell a nurse that a patient is having progressive decompensation related to obstruction of urinary outflow?
When tested for residual urine volume, 1400 mL of urine is obtained when patient is catheterized.
Select the option that best describes the sensory process involved in the inhibition of micturition.
When the bladder is distended to 150 to 250 mL in the adult, the sensation of fullness is transmitted to the spinal cord and then to the cerebral cortex, allowing for conscious inhibition of the micturition reflex.
A rare condition caused by gastrin-secreting tumors most commonly found in the small intestine or pancreas is called which of the following?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
While reviewing the colonic absorption and role of flora in the GI system, the instructor will stress that the large intestine contains:
a complex microbial system that contains hundreds of different species.
A 65-year-old female who smokes presents with increased urinary frequency, dysuria, and sporadic, painless hematuria. The client's follow-up will likely include:
cystoscopy.
When explaining about the passage of urine to a group of nursing students, the clinic nurse asks them which muscle is primarily responsible for micturition? Which student response is correct?
detrusor
The nurse has been informed that a client is experiencing dysphagia. The nurse interprets this as:
difficulty when swallowing
The swallowing reflex is an entirely voluntary activity.
false
A patient has a spastic bladder. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
incontinence
Digestion of starch begins in which of the following structures?
mouth
A nurse explains to her patient that food is moved along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with intermittent contractions that mix the food and move it along. These movements are found in which of the following organs?
small intestine
A 68-year-old man who has smoked for at least 50 years reports that lately he feels as though food is "getting stuck" in his throat. At first this was a problem just with dry food, but now his morning oatmeal is getting stuck. On questioning, he reports drinking at least five alcoholic beverages nearly every day. His problem is most likely:
squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
The production of chyme occurs in which of the following organs?
stomach
A client who has a problem with incontinence loses a small amount of urine every time she coughs or sneezes. This type of incontinence is known as which of the following?
stress
The patient who has experienced third-degree burns is susceptible to which of the following specific types of gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration?
stress
A nurse providing dietary guidance to a patient with celiac disease tells the patient that which of the following foods should be avoided?
wheat bread
The nurse should anticipate that a client diagnosed with spastic bladder dysfunction may be prescribed medications that will help decrease detrusor muscle tone and increase bladder capacity? Select all that apply.
• Oxybutynin (Ditropan), an antimuscarinic drug. • Detrol LA (Tolterodine Tartrate), an antimuscarinic drug.