Presenting to the Web Module Exam
Scalability
Your website's ability to "scale up," or grow larger and more complex.
How long a user sticks around on a website
dwell time
User engagement (dwell time) is calculated to _________ of your website.
usability
What is a device that is most likely to benefit from white space
widescreen monitor -=+=- White space, or "negative space" can add interest and breathing room to a design, and sometimes widescreen monitors have plenty of room for that luxury.
Page Title
<title>YouTube</title> The title will be used not only when bookmarking your site and up in the browser tab, but it also appears in search engine results.
What is an advantage of a "dedicated server" hosting service?
allows more control over running the site
What measures the amount of data traveling between a website and its visitors?
bandwidth
What is an example of a media feature?
What is the role of @import in responsive web design?
to apply an entire other CSS file if certain criteria are met -=+=- This at-rule is used to call a CSS file from within a style sheet that's already being used for the web page.
5 things to consider when choosing a domain name
1. Brandable 2. Pronounceable 3. Familiar 4. Unique 5. Intuitive
3 ways to use FTP
1. Browser 2. Operating System 3. FTP Client
Five factors that affect usability
1. Content 2. Load Speed 3. Links 4. Readability 5. Design
Steps for Registering a Domain Name
1. Decide how to pay 2. Gather server information 3. select a registrar 4. Just do it! (no procrastination when acquiring a domain name)
4 common search engine exploitations
1. Keyword Stuffing 2. Excessive Linking 3. Overloading Footers 4. Cloaking
3 locations where the @media at-rule can be used.
1. an internal style sheet 2. an external style sheet 3. as an attribute inside a link tag The @media at-rule is used as-is inside style sheets, and works as an attribute in the link tag. However, its formatting keeps it from being usable with inline styling.
Example of using separate styles sheets for different criteria
<link rel="stylesheet" media="(min-device-aspect-ratio:10/9)" href="desktop.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="(max-device-aspect-ratio:1/1)" href="mobile.css">
How is a description added to a web page?
<meta name="description" content="...">
Page Description
<meta name="description" content="Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube."> The description will appear as a blurb or synopsis of your site in search engine results.
Keywords
<meta name="keywords" content="video, sharing, camera phone, video phone, free, upload"> The keywords will indicate relevance to user searches for specific themes or words.
How can you call in an additional CSS styling sheet
@import url("example.css") (max-width:700px); Needs to end officially with a semicolon ;
What is a correct syntax for a media query?
@media (max-width:1200px) {} -=+=- Media features are placed in parentheses, while media types are not.
What is the correct syntax for a media query?
@media screen { }
List reasons why the domain name "www.kowalskifurniture.net" may not be an ideal choice.
A .com domain is preferable over .net. Also, last names can be hard to pronounce or remember, especially when paired with another word. It makes it difficult to read. And if the website focuses on a particular type of furniture, it may help to use that in the name to be more specific.
Which type of hosting is likely to be most expensive? Which is least?
A managed hosting service is generally the most expensive, while shared hosting is the least expensive.
Managed Server
A managed server is a full-service option in that your website's performance is managed by the owner of the server—not by you. Managed hosting varies widely in terms of the services offered—those can range from simple software updates to managing regular monitoring and upgrading of your website. Naturally, this is the most expensive approach because you're paying the hosting service to work on your website, not just paying them for server space and basic technical support. A managed site can be a good option for a client who expects a great deal of traffic to the site from the beginning, and therefore wants the power and bandwidth of a dedicated server, but lacks the time or technical skills to maintain the website.
From a Section 508 standpoint, why is it important to use header tags?
A screen reader needs the HTML code to tell it that the text is a heading.
A website contains information about a 5k race coming up next month. A sidebar section is added to the widescreen version of the home page. Which of the following should not be included in this section?
A. quotations from people who ran in the previous year's race B. the time and date for this year's event C. pictures from past races D. a listing of related events that may be of interest -ANSWER- B -=+=- Important information should not be in sections that don't appear in every version of the site. The event's time and date are arguably the most important pieces of information, so they should be included in the main section of the page.
Which FTP access methods allow you to move, delete and upload files?
Accessing FTP through your operating system or an FTP client gives you full access to manipulating folders and files on your web space. Accessing FTP through a web browser, however, only allows you to view and download individual files.
FTP Client
An even more convenient option is to use an FTP client. This is a program dedicated to file transfer protocol, and is the most intuitive and efficient option. An FTP client typically allows you to have the server directory and your own local directory open side by side, which makes transferring files much easier. Most clients also allow you to transfer multiple files at once. They likely also have a file queue capability, which will remember where you left off transferring files in case you need to log off or disconnect. The queue will resume once you log back onto the client. There are many free, open-source FTP clients available for download.
Why Support Matters?
Because technology is so complicated, there will always be issues that affect the performance and usability of your website. You'll want to have a helpful and knowledgeable person on the other end of the line when you're trying to resolve issues.
Keyword stuffing, excessive linking, and cloaking are all examples of...
Black Hat optimization (search engine exploitation)
min-resolution
Checks for a resolution equal to the value or higher
max-resolution
Checks for a resolution equal to the value or lower
Orientation
Checks to see if the current orientation matches the designated value (landscape or portrait).
Which web hosting type provides the best scalability and why?
Cloud VPS is best in that it's the most flexible. Its resources draw on multiple servers, and will only call on as much as is needed. This allows users to pay more appropriately for how much traffic a site gets and how much bandwidth and space it needs.
How long the typical visitor to your website stays there.
Dwell Time
What does it mean when a website has flat architecture?
Every page is easily accessible with minimal link levels.
What is a way to take advantage of the space afforded in a widescreen display?
Float text descriptions next to their corresponding images.
What is an example of White Hat optimization?
Having a Contact Us page with multiple contact methods
Why is a dedicated server a poor choice for a personal website?
Hosting on a dedicated server is likely to be much more expensive than hosting on a shared or VPS server, and a personal website does not need the bandwidth or computing power of a dedicated server. In other words, you'd be wasting your money.
Operating System
If you need to make changes to your site, like rearranging its directory, a better option is to use your computer's operating system. Open Windows Explorer or Mac Finder, based on the operating system you're using, and enter the FTP site's address in the path address bar. In Explorer, just hit Enter to open the login prompt. In Finder, you will need to click the Go menu item, and then Connect to Server. Once you log in, you'll be able to manipulate your files in the same way you're able to move them around on your own computer.
Dedicated Server
If you use a dedicated server, a separate computer is "dedicated" to your web site. The computer's disk space, memory, processing speed, and bandwidth will be reserved for your use only. Obviously, there are many advantages to this arrangement—you don't have to compete with other hosting customers for resources, for instance, and you'll have complete control over how your website looks and acts. But there are disadvantages as well. Dedicated servers are generally leased to users who do all of the technical maintenance and design on their websites. You won't have help with any of that unless you pay extra for it. And dedicated servers are also more expensive overall than shared servers.
Why is bandwidth important in a web hosting service?
If your website isn't allotted the necessary amount of bandwidth, spikes of web traffic or a consistently high number of visitors could lead to your site slowing down or crashing.
The Hard-of-Hearing
Include a text transcript for elements with audio. -=+=- A transcript (or captions for video) will still get the information across, even to those who cannot hear any audio features.
Why Scalability Matters?
It's costly and time-consuming to move a website from one hosting server to another, especially if you need to move from a shared server, which provides the structure and sometimes the look and feel of your website, to a dedicated or managed server, which requires that work to be done from scratch.
The Vision-Impaired
Organize your page to make it logical for a screen reader. -=+=- By ordering elements logically, and putting the most important information early in the content, you will help users that need screen readers get to the information they want more efficiently.
Epilepsy
Reduce or remove any flashing media. -=+=- An element that flashes more than three times in a second could cause a seizure in users with epilepsy. Flashing elements should be avoided or at least warned about if they must be present.
Speed
Refers to the time it takes a page or asset to appear on a user's computer screen--load time, in other words.
Usability
Refers to things that make your website more user friendly
The attempt to make a website more noticeable and attractive to search engines
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
What is the name of the legislation that calls for website accessibility?
Section 508 of the Workforce Rehabilitation Act
Shared Servers
Shared servers are called shared because separate web sites share space on one computer. Sharing a server means sharing disk space, processing speed, and bandwidth. Generally, on a shared server, only one web site can be attended to and "served up" at once. If another customer's website is getting a lot of traffic, your users may not be able to get to your site, or your site's pages may load very slowly or time out while loading. The other disadvantage to using shared hosting is that you'll have little ability to customize your website or your visitors' experience when they get there
Storage
Storage is the amount of space set aside on a server for the assets your website uses--its html files, images, audio files, videos, and documents.
Support
Supprt from a hosting service company can range from basic customer service to detailed technical support.
What is wrong with the following code? <picture> <source src="image1.jpg" media="(min-width:800px)"> <source src="image2.jpg"> </picture>
The <source> tag should have the attribute srcset, not src.
How will you know if a web hosting service meets the criteria explained on this page?
The best way to evaluate hosting services, besides looking closely at the terms of their contracts, is to study online reviews posted by current and former users of the service. Generally, if customers have a very negative experience, they want to "vent" about it, and those comments will show up somewhere. You can also check out articles that were published by neutral parties (such as industry magazines) that rate or review hosting services.
What is the goal of FTP
The goal of FTP is to allow you to manage the files on another computer—the server that hosts your website—without having to work through the other computer's administrator.
Browser
This is the most basic way to see an FTP directory, but your ability to manage files is severely limited with this approach. In your browser's address bar, enter the name of the domain, but with ftp:// in front instead of http:// or https://. You'll need to enter your username and password, and the site's directory will display in your browser. You can navigate through this "backend" view of the site and download files. But you will most likely not be able to upload, move or delete files with this method.
Why URLs affect search engine results
Urls are often copied and pasted as links in forums, blogs, and other online locations. Search engines treat these urls as text on a page. In this way they can act as anchors to your own website. They may show up as part of the search results just because part of the url matches a search term.
What is a likely media query choice to use for both smartphones and a print version?
Use display:none on superfluous videos
Color Blindness
Use high contrast -=+=- Higher contrast makes it easier to discern different elements, even if the user cannot discern certain colors.
Cannot Use a Mouse
Use tabindex to put important links earlier in the tab order. -=+=- If you have any important links, especially ones that will help the user jump to other sections quicker, the tabindex attribute will help make the user's life easier.
VPS Hosting (Virtual Private Server)
VPS stands for Virtual Private Server. This type of hosting is similar to using a dedicated server because your website does not share a computer with another customer's website and you have complete control over the environment and experience that your web site creates. The main difference is that a VPS hosting service uses a virtual, rather than physical, computer to house your website. Compared to a dedicated server, a VPS offers fewer resources, and it costs more to use than a shared server. In other words, VPS hosting is somewhere between a shared and dedicated server in terms of cost and services.
What is true about the organization, ICANN?
Website domain names are registered with ICANN.
What happens when there's too much multimedia on a web page?
While a user may stick around longer, the longer loading time and distracting collection of content may cause a higher bounce rate.
The name for the legitimate use of SEO techniques
White Hat optimization
In what two ways can you register a domain name?
You can register directly with ICANN, or you can use a registrar (like some web hosting providers) to take care of the process for you.
Cloud VPS
You've probably heard a lot about "the cloud" lately. It's a fairly new approach to website hosting, and it provides some important advantages over the other types. Since it draws on the resources of a large number of computers, a Cloud VPS is by far the most powerful. Hundreds of computers share the resources of one cloud, but they rarely experience service issues because the cloud is so flexible. It finds a computer that has the resources needed at any given moment and draws on that one to deliver the requested pages and assets. Since there are so many machines ready to serve and process your site, it will rarely if ever encounter performance issues, and you only pay for the resources you actually use. For this reason, cloud VPS is a great option for a website you expect to grow and become complicated over time.
What is a benefit of using an FTP Client that you don't get with FTP through your operating system?
Your local files and online files are displayed side by side.
What is most likely to be implemented in a print version specifically to save ink?
background-color:transparent -=+=- Removing background colors is one of the easiest steps to using a fraction of the ink in a printed version of a web page.
Which types of hosting give control over how your site looks and acts?
dedicated, VPS, VPS cloud, and managed
When the display is a smartphone being held in portrait orientation, which of the following is most likely?
each navigation link will be listed on its own line -=+=- A phone being held in portrait mode has very little horizontal space, so it's most likely that each link will get its own line, possibly accompanied by an icon or a short blurb about the section it links to.
What is an example of Black Hat optimization?
having one page version for visitors and another for search engines
What should be included with a responsive image?
height:auto
What is a disadvantage of too much multimedia on a web page?
high bounce rate
1 location where the @media at-rule CANT be used
in an HTML tag's style attribute
Which of the following is a location where the @media at-rule can NOT be used?
in an HTML tag's style attribute
Using headers, creating an intuitive layout, and including a thorough contact page are all examples of...
information architecture
What will produce a responsive image that won't pixelate
max-width:100% -=+=- Setting the max-width property to 100% tells the image that it can have a smaller width, but also won't exceed its original dimensions.
What is a good example of a good domain name?
nutsforpeanuts.com
What media feature determines whether a device is being held landscape or portrait?
orientation
People with epilepsy are more susceptible to screen flickers are flashes. This is known as being _____.
photosensitive
Which of these are most likely to be implemented in a print version specifically to conserve paper?
rearranging elements to fit closer to an 8.5"x11" or 11"x8.5" proportion
What is an example of something that will likely have the most negative effect on a user with color blindness?
red text on a green background
What is an example of a media type?
screen -=+=- A media type represents the medium through which the design will be presented
the technique of designing and improving a website to increase its ranking in search results
search engine optimization (SEO)
How is a media query formatted so that it is satisfied as long at least one of the criteria is met?
separate the criteria with commas
Which two hosting types require your website to share computing resources with other websites?
shared, VPS cloud
What is an attribute that can help keyboard-only users get to important information faster?
tabindex
Used to establish a description and keywords for a web page
the <meta> tag
Bounce rate
the percentage of times a visitor leaves the website almost immediately, such as after viewing only one page
Aspect-Ratio
the proportion of width to height -=+=- The aspect-ratio does not provide any precise measurements, but rather establishes how much more or less wide a device is than it is tall.
