pretest #5
During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, LH levels remain elevated for ________, long enough to stimulate the formation of a functional corpus luteum. 5 days 24 hours 7 days 2 days 6 hours
2 days
The average length of the uterine (menstrual) cycle is ________ days. 5 14 20 28 37
28
The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract. 1 - ductus deferens 2 - urethra 3 - ejaculatory duct 4 - epididymis The correct order in which spermatozoa pass through these structures from the testes to the penis is 1, 3, 4, 2. 4, 3, 1, 2. 4, 1, 2, 3. 4, 1, 3, 2. 1, 4, 3, 2.
4, 1, 3, 2.
The fluids contributed by the seminiferous tubules and epididymis account for about how much of the volume of semen? 75% 5% 50% 10% 25%
5%
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. MSH.
ACTH.
________ is characterized by failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth. Impotence Cryptorchidism Sterility Incontinence Erectile dysfunction
Cryptorchidism
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes Cushing disease. cretinism. acromegaly. goiter. Addison's disease.
Cushing disease.
Regarding hormones and body temperature, which statement is true? Body temperature does not fluctuate during the monthly hormonal fluctuations. During the luteal phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3 C lower than it is during the follicular phase. During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.5 C higher than it is during the luteal phase. During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3 C lower than it is during the luteal phase. During the luteal phase, when progesterone is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.8 C higher than it is during the follicular phase.
During the follicular phase, when estrogen is the dominant hormone, the resting body temperature is 0.3 C lower than it is during the luteal phase.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is FSH. LH. ACTH. ADH. GH.
FSH
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in order to be released? oxytocin renin ADH FSH calcitonin
FSH
Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are GH and TSH. FSH and LH. ADH and ACTH. PRL and OT. ADH and OT.
FSH and LH.
Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division.
GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is TSH. ACTH. MSH. LH. GH.
GH.
As in males, ________ from the hypothalamus regulates reproductive function in females; however, its levels change throughout the ovarian cycle. LH estrogen FSH progesterone GnRH
GnRH
A massive release, or surge, of ________ from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland triggers ovulation. gonadotropin FSH LH estrogen progesterone
LH
The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. GH.
LH
Which anterior pituitary lobe hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes? FSH testosterone progesterone GnRH LH
LH
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? MSH TSH ACTH LH PRL
MSH
Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium. No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions. Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure.
No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium.
Choose the correct statement regarding semen. The fluid component of semen is a mixture of glandular secretions with a distinct ionic and nutrient composition. Seminal fluid contains a prostatic enzyme, which functions in liquefying clotted semen. Of the total volume of seminal fluid, the prostate contributes about 60 percent. Seminal fluid contains an abundant amount of a waxy material called smegma. A normal sperm count ranges from 5 million to 15 million spermatozoa per milliliter of semen.
The fluid component of semen is a mixture of glandular secretions with a distinct ionic and nutrient composition.
Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones? They are carbohydrates. They cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. They do not bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. They cannot change the nature or number of enzymes in the cytoplasm. They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.
They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.
The vestibule is a central space surrounded by the labia minora. the inner lining of the uterus. the inferior portion of the uterus. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. a tube that carries ova from the ovary to the uterus.
a central space surrounded by the labia minora.
When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. the plasma membrane becomes depolarized. a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. the cell becomes inactive. the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA.
a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
Marissa is an avid marathon runner, and she trains incessantly. She has slimmed down so that she is now underweight for her height and has very little fat tissue. One would expect Marissa to have heavy menstrual flows. ovulate continuously. be amenorrheic (have no monthly menstrual flow). have painful menstrual cramps. show elevated levels of FSH.
be amenorrheic (have no monthly menstrual flow).
Emission occurs under parasympathetic stimulation. begins with peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens. is responsible for propelling spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract. involves contractions of the cremaster muscle. is associated with orgasm.
begins with peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens.
Steroid hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. function by way of a second messenger system. cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. bind to intracellular receptors. function by activating cAMP.
bind to intracellular receptors.
The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by thyroid hormone. TSH. the hypothalamus. blood calcium ion levels. cellular oxygen consumption.
blood calcium ion levels.
The largest division of the uterus is the ________. vagina body isthmus cervix internal os
body
The small, paired glands at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating secretion are the seminal vesicles. prostate glands. preputial glands. Bartholin's glands. bulbourethral glands.
bulbourethral glands.
An important second messenger in hormonal action is cAMP. calcitriol. insulin. calcium. glucagon.
cAMP
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. thymosin parathyroid hormone calcitonin aldosterone cortisol
calcitonin
Generally, the actions of hormones tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. are faster to react than the nervous system. are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. do not affect homeostasis.
can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.
To become active, motile, and fully functional, sperm cells must undergo the process of ________. emission capacitation mitosis meiosis I fertilization
capacitation
The tubular structure of the uterus that projects a short distance into the vagina is called the urethra. ejaculatory duct. cervix. perimetrium. isthmus.
cervix
All hormones are steroids. cholesterol based. proteins. inorganic compounds. chemical messengers.
chemical messengers.
The anterior enlargement of erectile tissue in females is known as the fornix. vestibule. hymen. clitoris. isthmus.
clitoris
The female structure that is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males is the vagina. clitoris. vestibule. labia minora. labia majora.
clitoris
Peptide hormones are composed of chains of amino acids. released by the reproductive organs. derived from arachidonic acid. lipids. chemically related to cholesterol.
composed of chains of amino acids.
Insulin causes decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells. decreased amino acid absorption. conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue. increased blood glucose levels.
conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.
The ________ is a layer of follicle cells that surrounds the oocyte on day 14 of a 28-day cycle. antrum zona pellucida corona radiata corpus albicans isthmus
corona radiata
The anterior surface of the flaccid (nonerect) penis covers two cylindrical columns of erectile tissues called (the) glans penis. prepuce. corpus spongiosum. corpora cavernosa. penile urethra.
corpora cavernosa.
Unless fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum becomes scar tissue, which is known as the ________. follicular wall myometrium zona pellucida corona radiata corpus albicans
corpus albicans
The portion of erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the prepuce. glans. corpus spongiosum. corpora cavernosa. corona radiata.
corpus spongiosum.
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce epinephrine. ADH. corticosteroids. parathyroid hormone. insulin.
corticosteroids.
One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is thymosin. cortisol. aldosterone. epinephrine. gonadotropin.
cortisol
Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in which of the following? Addison's disease goiter Cushing disease acromegaly cretinism
cretinism
The muscle in the wall of the scrotum is the cremaster muscle. myometrium. dartos muscle. detrusor muscle. external os.
dartos muscle.
Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol? increased levels of thymosins decreased availability of vitamin D3 increased levels of MSH increased levels of gonadotropins inability to produce sufficient amounts of erythropoietin
decreased availability of vitamin D3
This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. diabetes mellitus diabetes insipidus pituitary dwarfism exophthalmos gigantism
diabetes insipidus
Oogenesis begins by age 5. at puberty. by age 10. at birth. during embryonic development.
during embryonic development.
The inner lining of the uterus is called the ________. myometrium internal os perimetrium endometrium cervix
endometrium
Which uterine layer consists of a superficial functional zone and a deeper basilar zone? endometrium cervix myometrium internal os perimetrium
endometrium
Maturing spermatozoa are stored primarily in the seminiferous tubules. straight tubules. lobules. interstitial areas. epididymis.
epididymis.
One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is insulin. aldosterone. cortisol. androgen. epinephrine.
epinephrine
The hormone that dominates during the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is testosterone. aldosterone. cortisol. thyroid hormone. epinephrine.
epinephrine
The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues is angiotensin. cortisol. erythropoietin. renin. epinephrine.
erythropoietin
1. "Hot flashes" in menopause typically begin while levels of ________ are declining. estrogen GnRH LH FSH progesterone
estrogen
Menopause is accompanied by a decline in ________. GnRH and estrogen progesterone and FSH FSH and LH LH and progesterone estrogen and progesterone
estrogen and progesterone
Just prior to menses, ovulation occurs. a new uterine lining is formed. secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. estrogen and progesterone levels drop. the corpus luteum is formed.
estrogen and progesterone levels drop.
The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is estrogen. progesterone. LH. FSH. gonadotropin.
estrogen.
Diabetes insipidus is caused by decreased levels of insulin. decreased numbers of insulin receptors. failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. increased numbers of ADH receptors. increased levels of ADH.
failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.
Identify the notable risk factor associated with breast cancer. family history of breast cancer poor diet pregnancy before age 21 late menarche early menopause
family history of breast cancer
The secretion of the seminal vesicles contains ________, which forms a temporary semen clot within the vagina after ejaculation. fructose prostaglandin fibrinogen seminalplasmin urine
fibrinogen
The ________ are finger-like projections at the end of the uterine tube. internal os isthmus infundibulum fimbriae uterine glands
fimbriae
Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? growth hormone follicle-stimulating hormone prolactin insulin thyroxine
follicle-stimulating hormone
The increase in FSH that occurs by day 5 of the ovarian cycle triggers formation of a tertiary follicle. menstruation. ovulation. menopause. pregnancy.
formation of a tertiary follicle.
The shallow recess surrounding the cervical protrusion is known as the isthmus. fornix. fundus. body. os.
fornix
When blood glucose levels fall, insulin is released. glucagon is released. peripheral cells take up less glucose. protein synthesis decreases. fat cells increase their rates of triglyceride synthesis.
glucagon is released.
The alpha cells of the pancreas produce insulin. glucagon. rennin. ADH. parathyroid hormone.
glucagon.
The hormones that dominate during the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) are the mineralocorticoids. androgens. glucocorticoids. thyroid hormones. gonadotropins.
glucocorticoids.
During female sexual arousal, the ________, which resemble the male bulbo-urethral glands, discharge their secretions near the vaginal entrance. Cowper glands greater vestibular glands lactiferous glands lesser vestibular glands lactiferous sinuses
greater vestibular glands
In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. hormonal cellular neural membrane humoral
humoral
Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the infundibulum. hypophyseal portal system. hypothalamic axons. hypophysis. thymus.
hypophyseal portal system.
Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. brain stem hypothalamus cerebellum thyroid thalamus
hypothalamus
Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? thyroid anterior pituitary hypothalamus posterior pituitary suprarenal gland
hypothalamus
The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the thyroid gland. pancreas. suprarenal glands. hypothalamus. thymus.
hypothalamus.
The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in ________. decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues increased rate of glucose utilization increased rate of ATP generation increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver
increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver
The chief cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that stimulates the formation of white blood cells. increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids. increases the level of sodium ions in body fluids. increases the level of potassium ions in body fluids. decreases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.
increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.
As secondary follicles develop, FSH levels decline due to the negative feedback effects of which hormone? LH progesterone GnRH inhibin estrogen
inhibin
Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries? inhibin estrogens progestins androgens testosterone
inhibin
Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise? growth hormone cortisol insulin glucagon erythropoietin
insulin
In females, mammary glands are specialized organs of the ________ system that are controlled by hormones of the reproductive system. endocrine nervous integumentary muscular skeletal
integumentary
The nervous system is ideal for crisis management. communicates by the release of hormones. has effects that are very long-lived. is regulated mainly by positive feedback. does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells.
is ideal for crisis management.
The hormone oxytocin reduces uterine contractions. is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. regulates blood pressure. governs the ovarian cycle. stimulates melanocytes in the skin
is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.
Menstruation is the process of shedding of tissue until the entire functional zone has been lost. cannot occur if uterine inflammation exists. usually lasts eight to eleven days. usually results in the loss of 500 - 750 ml of blood. cannot continue if myometrial contractions occur.
is the process of shedding of tissue until the entire functional zone has been lost.
Female orgasm is accompanied by peristaltic contractions of the uterine and vaginal walls and by rhythmic contractions of which of the following muscles? internal oblique and erector spinae ischiocavernosus and internal oblique erector spinae and ischiocavernosus ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus bulbospongiosus and internal oblique
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
Male ejaculation occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions appear in which of the following muscles? erector spinae and ischiocavernosus bulbospongiosus and internal oblique internal oblique and erector spinae ischiocavernosus and internal oblique ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus
Cyclic AMP often causes activation of calcium ion channels. myosin kinase. phosphodiesterase. kinase enzymes. steroids.
kinase enzymes.
Which of the following is(are) described as an adipose-containing, fleshy structure that encircles and partially conceals external genital structures? mons pubis vestibule clitoris labia minora labia majora
labia majora
In the mammary glands, 15 to 30 of these expanded chambers open onto the surface of each nipple. lobes lobules lactiferous ducts lactiferous sinuses suspensory ligaments
lactiferous sinuses
Pelvic inflammatory disease cannot be caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. does not result in fever. can cause virility. can possibly lead to otitis. may result from invasion of the region by bacteria normally found within the vagina.
may result from invasion of the region by bacteria normally found within the vagina.
Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? ADH melatonin oxytocin growth hormone prolactin
melatonin
The first uterine cycle occurs with the ________. menopause oogenesis climacteric perimenopause menarche
menarche
The time in which ovulation and menstruation cease is called ________. oogenesis menarche andropause menopause climacteric
menopause
Aldosterone is the principal ________. mineralocorticoid thyroid hormone glucocorticoid pancreatic hormone androgen
mineralocorticoid
During the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome, which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water? mineralocorticoids (with ADH) epinephrine and norepinephrine glucocorticoids growth hormone (with PRL) glucagon (with ADH)
mineralocorticoids (with ADH)
The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces androgens. glucocorticoids. epinephrine. mineralocorticoids. steroids.
mineralocorticoids.
Both centrioles of the spermatid are found in the ________. neck head tail middle piece acrosome
neck
Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by positive feedback. the quantity of circulating hormone. negative feedback. cellular demands. body temperature.
negative feedback.
The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of neural axons, directly. direct mechanical control. releasing and inhibiting hormones. altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. gap junctions.
neural axons, directly.
Parasympathetic innervation of the penile arteries involves neurons that release ________ at their synaptic terminals. nitric oxide dopamine serotonin acetylcholine norepinephrine
nitric oxide
Capacitation is stimulated by a substance secreted by the epididymis. immobilizes sperm. is responsible for the physical maturation of sperm. occurs only within the male reproductive tract. occurs after spermatozoa mix with secretions of the seminal glands.
occurs after spermatozoa mix with secretions of the seminal glands.
Contraction of the cremaster muscle occurs when the testes are suddenly exposed to a cold environment. produces an erection. propels sperm through the urethra. moves sperm through the ductus deferens. moves the testes closer to the body cavity.
occurs when the testes are suddenly exposed to a cold environment.
The female gonad is called a(n) ________. vestibule fallopian tube vagina clitoris ovary
ovary
The posterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). oxytocin (OT). melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
oxytocin (OT).
In females, engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris is due to ________. parasympathetic inhibition parasympathetic activation central nervous system activation emission ejaculation
parasympathetic activation
The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is parathyroid hormone. thyroid hormone. calcitonin. glucagon. oxytocin.
parathyroid hormone.
The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is insulin. glucagon. growth hormone. parathyroid hormone. thyroid hormone.
parathyroid hormone.
Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? peptide hormones steroid hormones prostaglandins thyroid hormones eicosanoids
peptide hormones
Spermatozoa are moved along the ductus deferens by hydrostatic force. ciliary action. peristaltic contractions. suction. guide cells.
peristaltic contractions.
The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n) antagonistic effect. synergistic effect. permissive effect. opposing effect. integrative effect.
permissive effect.
Melatonin is the hormone produced by the ________. anterior pituitary thyroid pineal gland thymus posterior pituitary
pineal gland
Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as polyphagia. polydipsia. polyuria. polymyositis. diabetes mellitus.
polyuria
What is the function of the gonads? secrete fluids into the reproductive system ducts or other excretory ducts connect the uterus with the exterior receive and transport the gametes produce the gametes and hormones enclose and support a developing embryo
produce the gametes and hormones
Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by growth hormone. thyroid hormone. testosterone. mineralocorticoids. progesterone.
progesterone
The most commonly prescribed oral contraceptives use small amounts of estrogen, or only synthetic androgens. gonadotropins. progesterone. FSH and LH. LH.
progesterone
The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy, is LH. FSH. progesterone. estradiol. estrogen.
progesterone
The proliferative phase of the uterine cycle continues until rising ________ levels mark the arrival of the secretory phase. GnRH FSH LH estrogen progesterone
progesterone
The phase of the uterine cycle that begins in the days following the completion of menses as the surviving epithelial cells multiply and spread across the surface of the endometrium is the ________ phase. pre-ovulatory secretory proliferative puerperal meiosis
proliferative
Seminalplasmin, an antibiotic that may help prevent urinary tract infections in males, is present in fluid secretions from the ________. seminal gland prostate gland bulbo-urethral glands ductus deferens seminiferous tubules
prostate gland
Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called permissive hormones. synergistic hormones. regulating hormones. stimulating hormones. releasing hormones.
releasing hormones.
The endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. is regulated mainly by positive feedback. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. is not involved in homeostasis. relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
Slender, tightly coiled tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the epididymis. ductus deferens. rete testis. efferent ducts. ejaculatory ducts.
rete testis.
The ovary does not release a mature gamete. Instead, a ________ is released. oocyte oogonia primary oocyte secondary oocyte zygote
secondary oocyte
Which of the following begins at ovulation and persists as long as the corpus luteum remains intact? menarche secretory phase functional phase menstruation proliferative phase
secretory phase
The ejaculatory duct in males is produced by the junction of the ductus deferens with the ________. seminiferous tubules prostate gland duct epididymis acrosomal cap seminal gland duct
seminal gland duct
The tubular gland that produces a secretion that contains fructose, is slightly alkaline, and contributes about 60 percent to the volume of the semen is the prostate gland. bulbourethral gland. corpus cavernosum. seminal vesicle. preputial gland.
seminal vesicle.
Sperm production occurs in the ductus deferens. seminiferous tubules. epididymis. seminal vesicles. rete testis.
seminiferous tubules.
The vagina serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids. is homologous to the male scrotum. is normally bacteria-free. forms the upper portion of the birth canal. is lined by an endometrium.
serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids.
Undifferentiated spermatogenic stem cells are called spermatogonia. spermatids. primary spermatocytes. secondary spermatocytes. sperm.
spermatogonia
The physical maturation of sperm is called ________. meiosis I oogenesis spermatogonia mitosis spermiogenesis tetrad formation
spermiogenesis
Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? steroid hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine amino acid derivatives peptide hormones oxytocin
steroid hormones
The role of the pituitary hormone LH in males is to stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. stimulate the sustentacular cells to produce inhibin. initiate sperm production in the testes. develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics. influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.
stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
The subsidence, known as detumescence in the male, is mediated by the ________. central nervous system central and sympathetic nervous systems parasympathetic nervous system central and parasympathetic nervous systems sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. exocrine cells first messengers target cells second messengers G-proteins
target cells
The primary organ(s) of the male reproductive system is(are) the ________. prostate testes bulbo-urethral glands epididymis glans
testes
Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce estrogen. progesterone. leptin. testosterone. renin.
testosterone
Interstitial cells produce sperm. FSH. nutrients. testosterone. androgen-inhibiting protein.
testosterone
The hormone responsible for initiating a male's sexual maturation and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics is testosterone. ICSH. FSH. LH. gonadotropin.
testosterone
The most important androgen is ________. progesterone GnRH estrogen prostaglandin testosterone
testosterone
The process of arousal is under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system. the sympathetic nervous system. both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. the central and parasympathetic nervous systems. the central nervous system only.
the parasympathetic nervous system.
The process of emission is under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system. the sympathetic nervous system. both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. the central nervous system. the central and parasympathetic nervous systems.
the sympathetic nervous system.
Which hormone(s) play(s) a key role in the development and maintenance of normal immune defenses? gonadotropins estrogens androgens leptin thymosins
thymosins
Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism? pineal pancreas thymus thyroid parathyroid
thyroid
Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities? anterior pituitary pancreas thymus thyroid posterior pituitary
thyroid
Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? pituitary gland suprarenal gland parathyroid gland thyroid gland thymus
thyroid gland
Hormones produced by the ________ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached. thymus thyroid gland pancreas parathyroid glands adrenal glands
thyroid gland
Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. pancreas. parathyroid glands. hypothalamus. anterior pituitary.
thyroid gland.
Each testis is wrapped in a dense fibrous capsule called the ________. rete testes tunica albuginea septa ductus deferens dartos muscle
tunica albuginea
Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid lysine. leucine. glycine. tyrosine. thyronine.
tyrosine
During the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, ovulation occurs. a new functional layer is formed in the vagina. uterine glands enlarge. the old functional layer of the endometrium is sloughed off. the corpus albicans releases hormones.
uterine glands enlarge.
The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the vagina. uterine tube. ovary. uterus. cervix.
uterus
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is cortisol. parathyroid hormone. thymosin. growth hormone. vasopressin.
vasopressin
The zone of the adrenal cortex closest to the capsule is the zona reticularis. follicular zone. zona fasciculata. interstitial zone. zona glomerulosa.
zona glomerulosa.
The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) ________. pancreas kidneys adipose tissue hypothalamus anterior pituitary
adipose tissue
Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? cortisol erythropoietin thymosin aldosterone renin
aldosterone
Cessation of the normal adult menstrual cycle for six months or more is termed dysfunction. amenorrhea. menarche. puberty. dysmenorrhea.
amenorrhea
In adult males, the testes secrete ________. estrogens androgens FH and GnRH progesterone LSH and FH
androgens
The interstitial cells of the testes secrete which reproductive hormone(s)? androgens FSH estrogens GnRH progestins
androgens
Which of the following are sex hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex? androgens prostaglandins glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids aldosterones
androgens
Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the thymus gland. suprarenal gland. anterior pituitary. posterior pituitary. testes.
anterior pituitary.
Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) growth hormone (GH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Steroid hormones are proteins. are structurally similar to cholesterol. are the largest class of hormones. include pancreatic hormones. are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
are structurally similar to cholesterol.
The reddish brown skin that surrounds the nipple is called the vestibule. fornix. zona pellucida. hymen. areola.
areola
Spermatogenesis begins at puberty. during embryogenesis. at birth. at age 3. at age 7.
at puberty.
Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? erythropoietin aldosterone thymosin atrial natriuretic peptide glucagon
atrial natriuretic peptide
