Principals of MGMT Exam 2 (6-8)
Johnson & Johnson is consistently named as one of the top 10 places to work due to its ________, which focuses on service and social responsibility. corporate culture adhocracy culture fit perspective hierarchy organizational structure
corporate culture
According to Kee Meng Yeo of J&J eUniversity, the strength of the organization lies in its _________ structure, in which each functional group operates on its own. centralized authority hierarchy of authority decentralized authority division of labor coordination of effort
decentralized authority
Which strategy requires a high level of understanding of what consumers value? -Differentiation -Focused-Differentiation -Cost-Leadership -Cost-Focus -Leadership-Focus
differentiation
According to Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter, strategic positioning means _____ to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. -distinctive positioning -collaborative planning -retrenchment -aggressive growth -strategic alliances
distinctive positioning
When an organization operates several businesses to spread the risk, such as a landscaping company that offers not only landscaping services but also lawn care, snow removal, and other services, that business is utilizing a ____ strategy. -focused-differentiation -diversification -multiservice -differentiation -diversity
diversification
The least desired spot in the BCG matrix is that of a -cash cow. -star. -dog. -question mark. -insecurity.
dog
The structure of Sandal Mart consists of people with similar specialties put together in formal groups, such as the marketing, accounting, and human resource departments. Sandal Mart has a _____ structure. hollow simple focused centralized functional
functional
IT Technology has designed its corporate structure with divisions based on their location. For example, there are the Southern and Northern Divisions, and globally there are the European Division and the Asian Division. IT Technology is an example of a structure with common area divisions. matrix partitions. customer divisions. product divisions. geographic divisions.
geographic divisions
_____ is the idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes. Rational decision making MBO Nonrational decision making Bounded rationality Analytics
Bounded rationality
The advantages of _______ are having a greater pool of knowledge, gaining different perspectives, gaining intellectual stimulation, having a better understanding of decision rationale, and having a deeper commitment to the decision. more flexibility in the final decision the less-thought required decision group decision making a deeper commitment to the decision a quicker decision
group decision making
what would not be considered by a family-owned business in their process of deciding to decide? importance of the situation situation's possible benefits or damages urgency of the situation credibility of the situation how many people are involved
how many people are involved
Which of the following is not a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making? intuition information overload conflicting goals complexity managers' different values
intuition
In the third step of rational decision making (evaluating alternatives and selecting a solution), you need to evaluate each alternative not only according to cost and quality but also according to which of the following questions? Is it feasible and profitable? Is it ethical, feasible, and effective? Is it feasible, effective, and efficient? Is it ethical and will it hurt diversity? Is it efficient, and how will it affect our marketing strategy?
is it ethical, feasible, and effective
Felipe and Meg are selling their home. They listed their house three months ago at an extremely high selling price, a price they randomly chose. They do not want to reduce the price to reflect what the marketplace shows their home is really worth. Felipe and Meg are participants in _____ bias blind ego sunk-cost anchoring and adjustment confirmation
Anchoring and adjustment
Readily available information may not present a complete picture of a situation due to the representativeness effect. information bias. availability bias. anchoring and adjustment bias confirmation bias.
Availability bias
Larry Marder explains that the company may change what its focus is from year to year. For example, he mentions that if Todd McFarlane wants them to invest heavily in R&D in a particular year, that is what they do or if he wants them to make more money in a given year, then that is what they do. Which step of the strategic management process is this describing? formulating the strategic plan maintaining strategic control establishing the grand strategy carrying out the strategic plan establishing the mission and vision
maintaining strategic control
What is an example of tacit knowledge? instructional manual formal job training managing an angry customer textbook material lecture content
managing an angry customer
Jean-Paul, the store manager at an H&M outlet, was speaking with Patty, his new assistant manager, about the store's system of job relationships; he also explained whom she will report to and who will report to her. Jean-Paul said, "This structure is one of the things that motivates our employees to work together to achieve our company's goals." Jean-Paul was telling Patty about the store's code of ethics. organizational structure. organizational culture. values statement. diversity plan.
organizational structure
California regulators tested Volkswagen cars and continually found them to pollute more on the road than in the lab. Volkswagen was informed about these irregularities at the time and executives concluded that they were the result of "technical glitches." Which decision-making heuristic can this be attributed to? overconfidence bias framing bias availability bias sunk-cost bias anchoring bias
overconfidence bias
____ occurs when people's subjective confidence in their decision making is greater than their objective accuracy. For example, Sara thinks she is a superb writer and editor, but her reports are always filled with typos, grammatical errors, and sentence fragments. The tunnel vision effect Predisposition bias Overconfidence bias Hindsight bias Confidence bias
overconfidence bias
Chad and his partner, John, have decided to update their computer network, although they have no expertise in this area. During a meeting with John, Chad commented that "Our decision is limited by numerous constraints, such as our understanding of the complexity of technology, time and money, imperfect information, and our conflicting goals." These limitations are hindrances to MBO. satisficing. rational decision making. non-rational decisions intuitive decision making.
rational decision making
Dwight, the general manager of a hotel, knows that one of his housekeeping employees has a serious substance-abuse issue. Dwight knows that because of the seriousness of the issue he needs to talk with the employee. However, his assistant manager asks Dwight if he would like her to deal with it. Dwight knows this is not the best option, but he agrees, knowing it is the easy way out. Dwight's decision is an example of relaxed change. relaxed avoidance. defensive avoidance. panic. intuition.
relaxed change
In the BCG matrix, _____ are companies that have high growth and high market share, and are definite keepers. -turtles -sleeping giants -cash cows -sleepers -stars
stars
The three key principles of ______ are the creation of a unique and valuable position, trade-offs in competing, and creating a "fit" among activities. -an environment with few or no competitors -an increased MBO -company diversity -strategic positioning -a strong employee morale
strategic positioning
Al Simmons, the curator and Larry Marder, the President of the McFarlane Companies, describe Todd McFarlane as being both artistic and business minded. In fact, Marder even compared McFarlane to Walt Disney—the "greatest pitch man" ever! A SWOT analysis would then identify McFarlane as a(n) -threat. -strength. -weakness. -asset. -opportunity.
strength
From a financial management standpoint, Todd McFarlane is a relatively debt-averse and conservative manager, which has kept the company profitable over the years. When completing a SWOT analysis, you should categorize his financial management style as a(n) asset. threat. strength. weakness. opportunity.
strength
Many customers shop at Organic Foods because of the employees' extensive product knowledge. In a SWOT analysis, the employees' high levels of product knowledge are an example of the company's -opportunities. -weaknesses. -threats. -strengths. -intelligence.
strengths
The owners of Smith's Yard Mart, a family-owned garden center in a rural community, are concerned over the news that a large retailer with a garden center is building a new store on the other side of town. According to a SWOT analysis, this new retailer is a(n) ____ to Smith's. -weakness -strength -opportunity -threat -intelligence
threat
Tom and his family have developed a successful business selling a liquid spray fertilizer to farmers. The fertilizer consists of rich, organic, composted material. Recently NuBreed Seed, a national seed company, has been marketing a powdered chemical fertilizer to its customers; NuBreed's fertilizer is less expensive than Tom's product. NuBreed's efforts are an example of the ___ in Porter's model for industry analysis. -threats of new ideas -buyers' negotiating influence -threats of substitute products and services -power of the suppliers -competitive rivalry among competitors
threats of substitute products and services
The basic assumption that the picture of the present can be projected into the future is the basis of a -SWOT analysis. -strategic goal. -vision statement. -trend analysis. -business plan.
trend analysis
According to Larry Marder, the president of the McFarlane Companies, the company has changed and morphed and grown over the years from a company that simply produced comic books to a company that is also involved in sports figures, music videos, and major motion pictures. This movement from comics to a variety of activities is best described as -product mix. -globalization. -strategic development. -single product strategy. -unrelated diversification.
unrelated diversification
"To do more in a day, ____," according to productivity expert Odette Pollar. -you must do more—not do everything slower -do not delegate, but be more focused -you must do more—not do everything faster -hire more employees -you must do less—not do everything faster
you must do less—not do everything faster
TRUE OR FALSE Leadership is an example of explicit knowledge.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Apple, a company with a strong product line, probably has strong bargaining power of suppliers.
False
Phillip, owner of Technology Sales, said, "We have to focus on our customers and how can we beat the competition, so we have to be flexible." He encourages his R&D department to develop innovative products and focuses on being quick to respond to market changes. Technology Sales has a(n) market culture. focused approach. adhocracy culture. goal-driven agenda. clan culture.
adhocracy culture
Lottery organizers heavily promote the jackpot winners so that people are continually hearing about those who've won big. By contrast, players hear almost nothing about the vast majority of people who haven't won a single dollar. This tactic draws upon which type of bias? framing bias confirmation bias availability bias overconfidence bias representative bias
availability bias
Which family business decision-making process will be most affected by bounded rationality? independent autocratic consensus democratic collaborative
Autocratic
"Is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is the proposed action ethical? If no, would it be ethical not to take the proposed action?" These four questions, which managers of all organizations should ask when confronted with a decision on an action, form the basis of the stakeholder's value statement. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Frank Gilbreth's code of ethical conduct. Bagley's ethical decision tree.
Bagley's ethical decision tree
What is NOT useful for evaluating a company's values statement? Does it set standards of excellence and reflect high ideals? Will it be unchanging, as valid 100 years from now as it is today? Would you wish the organization to continue to hold these values, even if at some point they become a competitive disadvantage? Is it tough, serving as the foundation on which difficult company decisions can be made? Does it express the company's distinctiveness, its view of the world?
Does it set standards of excellence and reflect high ideals?
What are the three sources of a unique and valuable strategic position? -poor products available; few products available; no products available -bad economy; strong economy; stable economy -low-cost products; huge market needs; unique products -few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers -many needs, few customers; little need, many customers; narrow needs, few customers
Few needs, many customers broad needs, few customers broad needs, many customers
Companies in industries where there is little cost, including time or money, necessary to enter the marketplace are most vulnerable to the threat of -bargaining power of buyers. -bargaining power of suppliers. -substitute products or services. -rivalry among competitors. -new entrants.
New Entrants
Which of Porter's forces is influenced by the other four? -bargaining power of buyers -threats of substitute products or services -rivalry among competitors -threats of new entrants -bargaining power of suppliers
Rivalry among competitors
A(n) ________ is the most desired position within the BCG matrix. -outlier -question mark -star -cash cow -performer
Star
For domestic or regional airlines or routes, there is always the option of taking a car, bus or train. This describes which of Porter's Five Competing Forces? -threats of new entrants -bargaining power of suppliers -threats of substitution -rivalry among competitors -bargaining power of buyers
Threats of Substitution
TRUE OR FALSE The representative bias promotes the use of stereotypes.
True
__________ is the best example of a company with a Cost-Leadership strategy. -Starbucks -Amazon -Tesla -Wal-Mart -Apple
amazon
In the 1970s, Atari singlehandedly created a market for home video games, offering a console and cartridges that contained games like Space Invaders, Centipede, and Asteroids. At the time, Atari effectively implemented a ______ strategy. -diversification -defensive -greenfield -blue ocean -multiproduct
blue ocean
_____________ contribute(s) to intuitive processes. Intelligence Experience Feelings and Experiences Luck Feelings
feelings and experiences
Marie is a small-business owner who loves to take risks. She also enjoys going out and meeting customers and potential clients—the social aspect of her job. Marie relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. As an interior decorator, Marie utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Marie's decision-making style is best described as conceptual. directive. ambiguous. behavioral. analytical.
Conceptual
Redbox is an example of a company with a __________ strategy. -Leadership-Focus -Cost-Leadership -Differentiation -Cost-Focus -Focused-Differentiation
Cost-Focus
_______ are the rituals and ceremonies of a company, as well as the manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about a company. Invisible artifacts of that industry's culture and values Espoused values of organizational culture Enacted values of organizational culture Observable artifacts of organizational culture Basic assumptions about organizational culture
Observable artifacts of organizational culture
Steve Peterson, the CFO of the McFarlane Companies, talks about how Todd McFarlane's purchase of several record-making baseballs allowed the company to be more effective in the sporting figure market. The investment (of multiple millions of dollars!) could be said to have provided the McFarlane Companies a(n) -marketable capability. -sustainable competitive advantage. -operational strategy. -strategic weapon. -strategic capability.
Sustainable competitive advantage
________ in an organization is the division of labor. For example, in a publishing company, there are people who acquire manuscripts (sponsoring editors), people who edit manuscripts (developmental editors), and people who turn manuscripts into printed books (production editors). The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people The common purpose that unifies employees An organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management A structure where employees report to no more than one manager The coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort
The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people
Working in a group to make a decision is beneficial in that it can provide an opportunity for satisficing. groupthink. goal displacement. a better understanding of decision rationale. development of dominant individuals.
a better understanding of decision rationale.
A formal chain of command, the standardization of rules and procedures, and the use of cross-functional teams and computer networks so that there is frequent communication and coordination of the parts are the means for achieving higher sales through analytics. lower costs through efficiency. a common goal through integration. higher profits through goal setting. differentiation through specialization.
a common goal through integration
A hierarchy of authority is ____. Most military organizations are known for having a strong hierarchy of authority. also known as a division of labor a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people a diversity structure used in planning with recruiting, selection, and hiring also known as work specialization
a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time
When applying for jobs, job seekers often focus on a desired salary while ignoring other aspects of the job offer such as benefits, fit with the job, and working environment. In many cases, the salary may be good, but there are other, negative features of the job not being considered. This is an example of anchoring bias. overconfidence bias. hindsight bias. framing bias. representativeness bias.
anchoring bias
To understand your own values, you should -articulate them in writing and test them through daily decision making. -write a strong marketing plan that will help you achieve your desired profit level. -focus on cutting costs while improving quality. -take a course on value creation and definition. -understand how ethics differs from legal requirements.
articulate them in writing and test them through daily decision making
Don knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his electronics store is because of the slow service. How would a SWOT analysis classify the slow service at Don's electronic store? -as a strength -as a weakness -as intelligence -as an opportunity -as a threat
as a weakness
Elly and Sylvia, owners of Gaia Organic Foods, do not have a formal policy about dress code and work procedures because they see their company as a family place that is enjoyable to work for. Elly and Sylvia believe that if you treat employees like family, the company will do well and grow. _____ are the core beliefs that represent the core values of Gaia Organic Foods' culture. Basic assumptions Rites and rituals Observable artifacts Espoused values A code of ethics
basic assumptions
J&J's credo appears to embody the __________ of its organizational culture, which are the core values of the organization that go beyond simply acting in certain ways; these are taken for granted and are very difficult to change. basic assumptions artifacts essences enacted values espoused values
basic assumptions
The J&J credo helps to reinforce the set of values that the organization believes in to create a(n) _______ culture, in which communication, people development, and commitment are important. national adhocracy market hierarchy clan
clan
Twitter's organizational culture most resembles a(n) ______ culture. market adhocracy hierarchy clan competitive
clan
All employees are required to participate in J&J credo training, which serves as a _________, to give everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being. chain of command span of control hierarchy of authority common purpose division of labor
common purpose
Todd McFarlane describes why retailers should carry his collectible items over and above his competitors' products. From a strategy viewpoint, what McFarlane is describing here is his company's ability to deliver. superior quality. strategic positioning. competitive advantage. outstanding customer service.
competitive advantage
Pedro, CEO of a successful IT company, is constantly reading press releases, ads, and news articles about his competition. He regularly checks information about new competitive products and visits trade shows to study his competition. Pedro is involved in -environmental observation. -corporate spying. -competitive intelligence. -management by observation. -TQM.
competitive intelligence
Which decision-making bias is most likely to plague consensus decision making? hindsight bias confirmation bias anchoring and adjustment bias escalation of commitment bias sunk-cost bias
confirmation bias
When people seek information to support their point of view and discount data that do not, they are subject to ______ bias. For example, Joe uses the fact that his commute is now shorter to confirm his belief that there are fewer cars on the road. However, Joe is not accounting for the fact that he recently took over the graveyard shift, and that traffic is always lighter at night and in the wee hours of the morning. overconfidence framing representativeness blind confirmation
conifrmation
Organizations using a matrix structure -establish a hierarchy in which employees report to only one supervisor. -contain multiple overlapping command structures, in which all employees report to three or more managers. -contain two command structures, in which some people report to two bosses. -utilize teams or workgroups with few lines of authority. -centralize authority into a single person.
contain two command structures, in which some people report to two bosses.
Employees apply their individual efforts in a ______ to fulfill a common purpose. division of labor chain of command coordinated effort unity of command delegation
coordinated effort
Mountain Rescue Incorporated sells emergency safety and rescue products to ski patrols and rescue workers at prices that are below those of its competitors, which offer a larger line of more expensive products and focus on broader markets. Mountain Rescue Incorporated is pursuing a ____ strategy. -cost-leadership -narrow -focused-differentiation -differentiation -cost-focus
cost-focus
With ______, important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers. upper authority higher-management influence centralized authority decentralized authority focused power
decentralized authority
A person's ________ reflects the combination of how he or she perceives and responds to information. ambiguity index time orientation location on the introvert/extrovert scale Big Data perception decision-making style
decision making style
A(n) _______ is a computer-based information system that provides a flexible tool for analysis and helps managers focus on the future. IT synergy web flexible computing system group-web collaborative IT system decision support system
decision support system
Ralph, the manager of a busy hardware store, knows that he needs to entrust many of his tasks to managers and other employees. _____ is this process of assigning tasks to lower-level managers and employees. Ralph follows the 70% rule, which states that he should assign tasks to employees who can perform each task at least 70% as well as Ralph can. Span of control Delegation Handing Accountability Outputting
delegation
Which decision-making style focuses on facts to be decisive and action-oriented? conceptual behavioral directive dominating analytical
directive
Currently, the companies Kodak and Google are examples of _____ and _____ positions, respectively. -dog; cash cow -star; dog -dog; star -cash cow; cash cow -star; star
dog;star
As employees complete J&J credo and leadership training, they begin to demonstrate the values of the credo. The demonstration of the vales and norms exhibited by the organization is known as basic assumptions. espoused values. symbols. enacted values. observable artifacts.
enacted values
Todd McFarlane speaks about the future and mentioned that if he had to sell off his sculptures and other art-related products and open a large special-effects house and that made more sense at that time, he would do it. He would come about that decision through market adjustment. strategy implementation. grand strategy establishment. strategic visioning. environmental scanning.
environmental scanning
Peter, the owner of a local real estate agency, is even more committed to making the used copier, which he recently purchased, work even though it keeps jamming, and his employees have been telling him about other problems they have been having with the copier. The ______ affects Peter's decision making. narrow focus bias anchoring and commitment bias framing effect fog effect escalation of commitment bias
escalation of commitment bias
Hewlett-Packard founders David Packard and William Hewlett created a close-knit organizational culture that gave a lot of responsibility to employees and fostered innovation within the company. ______ are individual responsibility and the importance of innovation. Analytics Espoused values Enacted values Focused values A diverse perspective
espoused value
___________ is not one of the ineffective responses to a decision situation. Relaxed avoidance Defensive avoidance Evaluating the importance of the situation Panic Relaxed change
evaluating the importance of the situation
Global CEOs desire ___________ even more than profit growth, stimulating innovation, customer loyalty, and finding qualified employees. -organization diversity -an ethical workplace -an increased usage of MBO -excellence in execution -happy employees
excellence in execution
Which scenario fits under Daniel Kahnman's System 2 of thinking? realizing that a crying girl is upset evaluating the distance of an object filling out a tax form reacting to a loud noise detecting hostility in a voice
filling out a tax form
A resort company caters to couples without children. Vacationers are guaranteed that they will not be annoyed by loud and disruptive children. This company is using which of the following strategies? -Cost-Leadership -Focused-Differentiation -Differentiation -Cost-Focus -Leadership-Focus
focused-differentiation
The Golden Bed in Dayton, Ohio, sells high-quality, unique bedding that is a real value to upscale homes in the area. No other company in its local area markets bedding of such quality and value. By offering this type of product, The Golden Bed is utilizing a _____ strategy. -focused-differentiation -uniquely focused -differentiation -cost-focus -cost-leadership strategy
focused-differentiation
Johnson & Johnson is a _________ organization with products such as baby oil and bandages, as well as less identifiable medical and pharmaceutical products. measurable for-profit mutual benefit nonprofit physical
for-profit
The Johnson & Johnson credo, which states, "We believe our first responsibility is to doctors, nurses, and patients," is an example of a formal statement. leader reaction to crisis. physical design. slogan. role model.
formal statement
What would not be considered an advantage of including all family members in the decision-making process? groupthink access to a greater pool of knowledge deeper commitment to the decision different perspectives intellectual stimulation
groupthink
Because J&J is a family company, Robert Wood Johnson, affectionately known as "the General," is considered a ________, as he embodies the values of the organization. hero story role-model symbol stakeholder
hero
IKEA employees are inspired to work hard by an anecdote from their Swedish founder, Invar Kamprad, who told how he was berated by his father for failing repeatedly to get out of bed to milk the cows on his family's farm. Then one day he got an alarm clock. "'Now by jiminy, I'm going to start a new life,' he determined, setting the alarm for twenty to six and removing the 'off button.'" Invar Kamprad is an example of a(n) urban legend. hero. key employee. fable. trend.
hero
_______ bias occurs when someone uses information from the outcome of a decision, often a negative outcome, and retrospectively realizes what they should have done. Availability Framing Escalation of commitment Representative Hindsight
hindsight
Quality Paper Products utilizes a structure that includes functional divisions, such as accounting and production, and a divisional chain of command, such as the home products and office divisions. For example, Mariana, a salesperson, reported to both her sales manager and the office products manager when she first started working on the city of Springfield account. Quality Paper Products has a modular structure. team-based approach. geographic-divisional structure. matrix structure. hollow structure.
matrix structure
Organizations that are formed to offer services to clients and not make a profit are ____, whereas, ________ are those organizations that are formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services. nonprofit organizations; associations for-profit organizations; nonprofit organizations co-ops; for-profit organizations unions; associations nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations
nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations
Hand-written welcome notes are an example of core values. observable artifacts. enacted values. espoused values. basic assumptions.
observable artifacts
Patricia is the owner of a floral shop. A successful global candle company approached her about selling its products in her shop. Patricia knows this product and company can help her exceed her existing goals. Selling candles is a(n) _____ for Patricia. synergy diagnosis ethical dilemma problem opportunity
oppotunity
As an organization with 115,000 employees worldwide, J&J is characterized as a(n) _________ organization, with its 200 functional units, many teams or task forces, wider span of control, and decentralized hierarchy of authority. differentiated mechanistic integrated organic mutual reciprocity
organic
Danilo has been working for Metropolitan Taxi for three months. He expected that his job would be to drive around the city, pick up fares, and drop them off at their desired locations, but in his first few days on the job he realized that the job entails much more. He must keep his taxi cab clean and neat, and some days he will be stationed at the shop and go to people's houses to pick them up and bring them to the local airport. Within a few months, he has learned that taxi drivers often express frustration with the people they call "civilians"—that is, non-taxi drivers, whose driving skills they complain about incessantly. In his first few months on the job, ________ describes what Danilo is undergoing. fit analysis values training a symbolic ritual hierarchical indoctrination organizational socialization
organizational socialization
A company's overall ability to execute is a function of effectively executing according to three processes, but Bossidy and Charan believe that the _____ process is the most important. -operations -strategy -people -leading -planning
people
______ is a data-mining technique used to predict future behavior and anticipate the consequences of change. Decisions by trends Predictive modeling The decision tree Data digging GIGO
predictive modeling
Startups in the Internet industry are often considered to be -dogs. -stars. -cash cows. -question marks. -outliers.
question marks
George, a longtime hotel manager for Holiday Inn, was meeting with Sally, a new front-desk manager, and telling her about his recent decision not to fire a front desk employee about whom several guests had complained. George discussed the four stages of the decision process. He said, "I first identified the problem, and then I gathered alternative solutions. I evaluated each choice and selected a solution. I then implemented my decision to not fire the employee but instead to provide him with additional training. Finally, I followed up with an evaluation of the solution I'd chosen." George is using the ______ process. solutions agenda interpersonal-decision agenda focused decision-making model employee relations model rational decision-making model
rational decision-making model
The model of decision making that explains how managers should make decisions, assuming managers will make logical decisions that will be the optimum in furthering the organization's best interests, is known as the ____. For example, a manager who uses this model may be personally opposed to outsourcing jobs overseas, but she nonetheless decides to outsource customer-service operations to India because doing so is in the company's best interests. focused decision-making model interpersonal-decision agenda rational decision-making model solutions agenda employee relations model
rational decision-making model
At W.L. Gore, associates have sponsors whose goal is to help them succeed. Moreover, sponsors help associates chart a course in the organization that will offer personal fulfillment while maximizing their contribution to the enterprise. Which of the twelve ways to embed organizational culture does this most closely align with? slogans & sayings role modeling, training, and coaching organizational goals & performance criteria physical design formal statements
role modeling, training, and coaching
Paula, the controller of Tasty Pizza, is purchasing several new delivery vehicles. Paula has numerous work responsibilities, so she has limited time to shop for cars. Because of the time constraints, she cannot make an extensive search for the best alternative, so she looks for cars until she finds a model that is satisfactory. Paula is following the _____ model. dilemma rational limited focus satisficing limited scope
satisficing
Gig companies, such as Amazon, Google, and Apple, are no longer content simply to enhance part of your life. Their new strategy is to build a device, sell it to consumers, and then -focus on selling more items and devices to their friends and families. -sell them the maintenance agreements for their devices. -find service companies to assist customers if needed. -sell them the content to play on their device. -send customers to partner retailers to supply content.
sell them the content to play on their device.
According to Chester I. Barnard's classic definition, an organization is a means to increase collaboration and cooperation among groups of people. system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. type of analytical tool used for planning. set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds. formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivate employees.
system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.
If Twitter were to exclusively use e-mail, collaborative computing, and other computer connections to connect geographically separate employees, it would be considered a(n) ______ organization. computer invisible virtual targeted geographic
virtual
Sally, Greg, Juan, and Amar are working on a project for a customer that is aimed at cutting the client's electrical costs. The four members of this workgroup are located throughout the Midwest, and they are utilizing the phone, e-mail, and collaborative computing to complete this project. This workgroup is an example of a modular group. virtual organization. cross-focus group. geographic team. matrix team.
virtual organization
Todd McFarlane's reluctance to allow outside investors to have control over projects is most likely related to concerns that they might not share the company's mission. vision. strategic orientation. strengths. sustainable competitive advantage.
vision
An organization's vision statement needs to describe -what the company wants to become and its long-term direction and strategic intent. -the organization's purpose or reason for being and its strategic intent. -what the company will market and its business plan. -the organization's ethical and diversity standards. -the organization's purpose or reason for being.
what the company wants to become and its long-term direction and strategic intent.
