Principle of supervision ch 11

_____ theory of motivation assumes different people have different patterns of needs whereas ____ theory of motivation assumes the same patterns of needs for all people

McClelland's; Maslow

Extrinsic reward Intrinsic reward

An Olympic gold medal A sense of increased self-esteem after accomplished a challenging task

Identify the researchers whose content theories of motivation are widely used

Frederick Herzberg David McClelland Abraham Maslow

-Physiological needs -security needs -social needs -esteem needs -self-actualization needs

-access to clean drinking water -Job Safety -supportive colleagues -pride in skillfully performing a craft such as glass blowing -volunteer work at a nonprofit organization

Extrinsic reward Intrinsic reward

-recognition or compensation that is extraneous to the task accomplished -a reward that comes directly from performing a task

-Physiological needs -security needs -social needs -esteem needs -self-actualization needs

-these needs are required for survival -these needs keep free from harm -these needs are satisfied through the time people spend with family, friends & co-workers -the are the needs for respect of others -these needs describe the desire to live up to one's full potential

Identify a tropical compromise between maintaining privacy and sharing information in an organization

Publishing pay ranges

Identify the major process theories of motivation

Skinner's reinforcement theory Vroom's expectance-valence theory

Identify a common element of most motivation theories

Supervisors must consider individual differences is designing rewards

Vroom's expectancy-valence theory of motivation is based on

employee's perceptions of reward & whether they are able to achieve them

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is an example of a person's physiological needs?

food

Identify a way to motivate employees in an organization.

gamification

In the context of Victor Vroom expectancy-valence theory of motivation, ____ refers to the perceived likelihood that a promised reward will actually be attained

instrumentality

Identify an example of a self-actualization need according to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

membership in a religious organization

McClelland's theory of motivation is based on the assumption that _____

people develop various needs through their life experiences

Identify a statement given by skinners reinforcement theory of motivation

people keep doing things that have led to consequences they like, & people avoid doing things that have had undesirable consequences

In Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the most basic needs are ___ needs

physiological

According to Abraham Maslow, esteem needs of a person can be met through ____

praise

According to Herzberg two factor theory of motivation, satisfaction results from the

presence of motivating factors

Employees may receive a basic wage or salary plus an incentive that consists of a payment for each unit made. This pay plan is called a

production bonus system

Identify an advantage of flexible work arrangements

reduced employee absence

_____ theory of motivation maintains that people's behavior is influenced largely by the consequences of their past behavior

skinner's reinforcement

Vrooms expectancy-valence theory of motivation says that _____

the strength of motivation equals the perceived value of an outcome times the perceived probability that a behavior will result in the outcome

Which of the following are true of process theories of motivation?

they concern the mechanism involved in motivation

In the hierarchy of needs theory, Abraham Maslow assumes that people are motivated by ___

unmet needs

______ is an example of a social need as proposed by Abraham Maslow

companionship

Some theories of motivation, such as Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, have focused on what things motivate workers. These are called _____ theories.

content

McClelland's theory of motivation considers _____ whereas Maslow's theory of motivation does not.

Individual differences

_____ is an effort to make a job more interesting by adding more duties to it

Job enlargement

Pygmalion effect

The direct relationship between expectations & performance

Identify a pay plan that is often used to pay independent contractors that is people who are self-employed and perform work for an organization

a piecework system

David McClelland's theory of motivation is called the ______

achievement power affiliation theory