Principles of Bio Mid Term Study
5
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. How many valence shell electrons does it have?
sucrose - polysaccharide
Select the incorrect association.
-OH
What functional group makes a carbohydrate hydrophilic?
plasma membrane
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
osmosis
What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?
cells would not be able to communicate with each other.
Without gap junctions in certain tissues,
isotonic
If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n)________ environment.
lysosome
Which of the following is involved in the breakdown of damaged organelles?
lysosomes
Autophagy is a process by which a cell breaks down and destroys old, damaged, or abnormal proteins and other substances in its cytoplasm. Autophagy is a function of which organelle?
carbohydrates—include glucose, sucrose, and starch
Select the correct association.
sun
Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.
joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
What is the function of a peptide bond?
monosaccharide
When starch is digested, water molecules are used to break the bonds holding the________ subunits together.
hydrogen bonds.
The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another. The weak attractions between water molecules are known as
atom
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
ribosomes
Which organelle functions in protein synthesis?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
glycogen
Which word should be categorized separately from the others?
two monosaccharides.
Hydrolysis of maltose, a disaccharide, results in
lipid
The hormone estrogen is________-based.
pairs of electrons.
A covalent bond involves the sharing of
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their valence shells.
A covalent bond occurs when
hypothesis
A possible explanation to a problem or educated guess is a ___.
The level of the solution in the tube would lower because there are more dissolved solutes present in the beaker.
A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 13% salt and 10% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?
atomic number.
All atoms of the same element have the same
equal numbers of protons and electrons.
An atom with a neutral charge has
76 protons and 76 electrons.
An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
a positively charged ion is attracted to a negatively charged ion.
An ionic bond forms when
C and H.
An organic molecule is differentiated from an inorganic molecule by the presence of
flagella
Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What part of the bacterial cell does Z represent?
produce ATP
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
stores genetic information; aids in the processing of the information within the DNA into proteins
DNA functions to________, while RNA's function is to________.
hypotonic
During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?
neutron number
Elements that differ in their________ are known as isotopes.
water moving up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates cohesiveness of water?
4
One carbon atom can form up to________ covalent bonds with other atoms.
subtracting the number of protons from the mass number.
The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an average atom of any given element is best estimated by
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
The pH of pure water is________ because________.
an electron microscope.
Viruses can be viewed with
to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.
For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need
buffer
A(n)________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
O2 is a reactant. H2O is a product.
Given the chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, identify which of the following statements are correct.
surface-area-to-volume ratio
Cell size is limited because________ is critical to a cell's function.
0
Jawad is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a mole eating a grub. Later that day, a hawk eats the mole. How many producers are there is this scenario?
monomers
Large molecules are made of repeating units called ___.
producers.
Organisms that transform solar energy into chemical energy are called
connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.
Plant cells have plasmodesmata that
cellulose.
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
concentration of H+ present in a solution.
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
active site
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site.
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
natural selection; adapted to
The process of________ leads to organisms that are________ that environment.
valence electrons
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons.
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
Dependent variable
The responding variable of an experiment is called:
data
The results of an experiment are referred to as the:
neutrons and protons.
The subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom are the
inductive
This type of reasoning occurs whenever a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole.
One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable valence shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule.
Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form?
starch forming glucose molecules
Which of the following is a hydrolysis reaction?
feedback inhibition
Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?
chromium
Which of the following is a trace element in living things?
scientific theory
Which of the following is an accepted explanation for how the world works?
eukaryotic consumer
Harposporium anguillulae are carnivorous fungi that prey nematodes and eelworms. How should Harposporium anguillulae be classified?
hydrogen.
In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain
products
In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon dioxide is one of the
false, because some eukaryotes are single-celled
Is the following statement true or false? All single-celled organisms are prokaryotes.
metabolism.
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called
3
Liyana is studying predator-prey interactions. One day she notices a fox eating a rabbit. Later that day, a mountain lion eats the fox. How many species are involved in her study?
community
Mateo is studying interactions between black bears and grizzly bears in Banff National Park. What level of organization is he studying?
starch.
Plants store glucose in the form of
D) all of the other choices are correct
Scientists rely on which of the following to make observations?
does not require energy from the cell.
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
polymer; glucose molecules
Starch is a________ made of many________.
control
The ___ group in an experiment serves as a comparison and lacks the factors being tested for.
induced fit model.
The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the
chloraplasts
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle?
not allowing them to produce proteins.
There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacterial cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by
At the end of his experiment, Usain theorized that there was no significant difference in the ability to weave a web under conditions of cigarette smoke compared to spiders that were not exposed.
Usain, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?
response to the environment.
Using their lateral line organ, fish can perceive and react to changes in water currents caused by prey and predators. This is an example of
amino acids
What are the building blocks for proteins?
a roller coaster traveling downhill
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?
male toads collected from areas near large-scale and small-scale farms
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Based on this study, what is/are the test group(s)?
Bufo
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal?
enzymes; reactant; product
Metabolic pathways, which are facilitated by________ begin with a particular________ and terminate with an end________.
are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________.
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
Designed so that results will be meaningful
Which of the following are components of a good experimental design?
chemicals constantly flow into and out of an ecosystem
Which of the following is true about ecosystems?
tertiary and quaternary structures
Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?
quaternary structure
Which of the following levels of protein occurs when multiple polypeptide chains interact?
All of the other choices are correct
Which of the following organisms serve as models in scientific studies according to your book?
bladder - organ
Which of the following pairs of words is matched correctly?
Water has high heat capacity.
Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?
-Variations in genes are the result of mutations. -Genes are made up of DNA. -All cells in a multicellular organism contain the same set of genes.
Which of the following statement(s) regarding genes is/are true?
Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?
nucleus
Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?
amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?
