Principles Of Biology I Final (exam 1)

how big is a typical bacterial cell?

1-5µm

which 4 elements make up 96% of living matter?

1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen 4. NItrogen

what are the 3 domains of life?

1. Eukarya 2. Archae 3. Bacterium

What 2 things does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic does not?

1. nucleus 2. membrane enclosed organelles

DNA is transcribed into _________ and translated into _______

1.RNA 2.proteins

what is the common criterion for describing the 3 different kingdoms? (how are hey distinguished? List it for each)

1.animal- ingest food 2. Fungi- Absorb food 3. Plant- food through photosynthesis

what are 2 characteristics that all cells have in common?

1.membrane 2.DNA

In the second shell, there is a 2s orbital and how many 2p orbitals?

3

how many molecules are in 1 mole of a substance?

6.022x10^23

In the following chemical reaction, label the reactants and the products: CO2+6H2O---->C6H12O6+6O2

6CO2+6H2O= Reactants C6H12O6+6O2= Products

A_______ is used to prevent the pH from changing

Buffer

what does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Which of the following would be regarded as compounds? H2O, O2, CH4

H2O, CH4

What types of bonds hold water molecules to one another?

Hydrogen

Define Biology:

Study of life

Name a laboratory technique that a scientist could use to isolate an organelle like a ribosome?

centifugation (repeated config.)

which type off protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while its folding into its functional form?

chaperonin

A controlled experiment compares the experimental treatment group with a _____ group?

control group

Define evolution:

decent with modification

Monomers are joined in a __________ reaction

dehydration

name a technique used to see subcellular structures.______

electron microscopy

What is the relationship between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions at pH 7?

equal

what are enantiomers?

mirror image stereoisomers

Molarity=________/_________

moles/Liter

the simplest carbohydrates are called _____________

monosaccharides

describe quaternary structure.

multiple subunits combine to form a functional protein.

Can you see subcellular structures besides nucleus with a light microscope?

no

The atomic number of an element is the number of

protons

Isotopes have the same number of ________ and _______ and different numbers of __________

protons and electrons ,neutrons

would a temperature reading be an example of qualitative or quantitative data?

quantitative

where are proteins made?

ribosomes

what is another term for an ionic compoound

salt

the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are examples of _______

secondary structures

in negative feedback, an end product __________ a process

slows

Define cell:

smallest living organinsm

To amke a solution, dissolve a _________ in a __________

solute,solvent

Elements with a full valence electron shell are chemically _______

stable

Name 1 difference between a theory and a hypothesis

theory has more data to prove

On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of adenosine to be equal to the percent of ______

thymine

True or False, Tryptophan is hydrophobic

true

True or false Isoleucine is hydrophobic

true

what are 3 chemical components of a nucleotide?

1.nitogenous base 2. pentose sugar 3. phosphate group

how big is a typical eukaryotic cell?

10-100µm

the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ______________

E.R

A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a _________

polypeptide

True or false Serine is hydrophilic?

true

what is presnt in DNA but not RNA?

uracil

how are proteins transported between parts of the endomembrane system that are not physically attached to each other?

vesicles

draw symbol for micro meter

µm

In Charles Darwin's, The Origin of Species, he presented his case for "______", the idea that present forms have diverged from a succession of ancestral forms. He proposed the theory of ________ as the mechanism of evolution.

1.evolution 2. natural selection

Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. What is the atomic mass of Oxygen?

16

The molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180 g/mol. How many grams of glucose would you add to make 0.5 L of a 2M solution?

180g

Define compund

2 or more different elements combined

Boron has an atomic number of 5. How many valence electrons does is have?

3

what part of the cell accounts for more than half of the membrane in many eukaryotic cells?

E.R -rough

What part off the cell detoxifies poisons?

E.R- smooth

what part of the cell is the membrane factory?

E.R-Rough

In an ionic bond are electrons shared?

No

what type of microscopy would a scientist use to view ribosomes within a cell?

TEM

what causes sickle cell disease?

a substitution causes shape change in Hb

what type of environment is inside of a lysosome?

acid

If a solution has a pH of 2 is it acidic or basic?

acidic

What is the smallest unit off matter that still retains the properties of an element?

atom

Define element

cant be broken down any further by chemical reactions.

True or False, Aspartic ascid is hydrophobic

false

Sucrose is made up of _________+ ___________

fructose and glucose

If an atom has electrons in 3 shells around the nucleus, with the electrons in shell 1 closest to the nucleus and the electrons in shell 3 farthest from the nucleus, which electrons have the highest potential energy?

furthest

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is_________

glycogen

What part of the cell is also known as the shipping and receiving center of the cell?

golgi aperatus

Energy passes through an ecosystem entering as light and exiting as__________

heat

why does ice float in water? ( more than just density...)

hydrogen bonds more organized and further apart

what type of reaction breaks up polymers?

hydrolysis

Does a basic solution have more hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in it?

hydroxide

the primary structure off a protein refers to_____________

linear chain

In what type of covalent bond are electrons are shared equally?

nonpolar

Why is an oil molecule hydrophobic?

nonpolar bonds

what is the region of the cell where the DNA is located in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleoid

In a single covalent bond, how many electrons are shared?

one pair

Lipids found in the plasma membrane are what kind of lipids?

phospholipids

What type of bond holds a water molecule together?

polar covalent