Principles of fluids and electrolytes

A client is to receive hypotonic IV solution in order to provide free water replacement. Which solution does the nurse anticipate administering?

0.45% NaCl

A client was admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and family? Select all that apply.

Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day. Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. Respond to thirst

Hypokalemia can cause which symptom to occur?

Excessive thirst

Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas?

Hypothalamus

Which electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid?

Potassium

A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first?

Prepare to assist with ventilation.

A client seeks medical attention for an acute onset of severe thirst, polyuria, muscle weakness, nausea, and bone pain. Which health history information will the nurse report to the health care provider?

Takes high doses of vitamin D

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Which of the following ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis?

pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

A client has chronic hyponatremia, which requires weekly laboratory monitoring to prevent the client lapsing into convulsions or a coma. What is the level of serum sodium at which a client can experience these side effects?

114 mEq/L

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit (ICU) following a near-drowning event in saltwater. The client is restless, lethargic, and demonstrating tremors. Additional assessment findings include swollen and dry tongue, flushed skin, and peripheral edema. The nurse anticipates that the client's serum sodium value would be

155 mEq/L (155 mmol/L)

The nurse is caring for four clients on a medical unit. The nurse is most correct to review which client's laboratory reports first for an electrolyte imbalance?

A 52-year-old with diarrhea

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of which condition?

Confusion

The nurse notes that a client has lost 5 lbs. (2.27 kg) of body weight over 5 days. Which additional assessment findings indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing hypovolemia? Select all that apply.

Flat neck veins Muscle cramps Concentrated urine

Which nerve is implicated in the Chvostek's sign?

Facial

Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?

Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.

The calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A nurse is providing client teaching about the body's plasma pH and the client asks the nurse what is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH. What is the best response by the nurse?

bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

A client is taking spironolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority during assessment?

electrocardiogram (ECG) results

A client with severe hypervolemia is prescribed a loop diuretic and the nurse is concerned with the client experiencing significant sodium and potassium losses. What drug was most likely prescribed?

furosemide