Principles of Personal Health Unit 1

Marisa has begun taking St. John's wort for treatment of mild depression. Which statement by Marisa suggests that she understands the correct use of this product?

"St. John's wort may interfere with my oral contraceptive medication."

A dysfunctional relationship may boost stress hormones and impair the immune system.

True

Asking questions, looking into your partner's eyes, and nodding your head are all signals that you are giving your partner your full attention.

True

College freshmen who spend more time on Facebook generally have fewer friends on campus and more difficulties adjusting to college life.

True

Enabling includes deliberately shielding or covering up for a loved one who has an addictive behavior.

True

Insight-oriented marital therapy combines behavioral therapy with techniques for understanding negative behaviors.

True

It's your responsibility to make the signals and messages you send as clear as possible. Don't expect your partner to read your mind.

True

Many teenagers and young adults with online profiles view their posts depicting "negative health risk behaviors" such as drinking in a positive light.

True

Peer pressure plays an important role in sexting.

True

People involved in community organizations consistently report a surge of well-being called helper's high.

True

Physical displays of affection show that you feel a sense of warmth and security with your partner.

True

The key difference between normal levels of shyness and a social anxiety disorder is the degree of distress and impairment that the individual experiences.

True

When you know and care for someone deeply, you communicate, in ways beyond mere words, that you are and always will be there for your partner.

True

Women are more likely than men to wait for a speaker to finish rather than to interrupt.

True

When you love someone, do not support him or her. When you become truly intimate, the nature of any support offered should be very general and practically nonexistent.

False

Which characteristic best describes today's undergraduates?

They are more coddled and protected by their parents.

Engaging in sexting as an online communication activity is most likely to result in _____.

negative fallout from the misuse of the original message

Which condition is associated with episodic physical symptoms including joint or muscle pain, bloating, and/or weight gain?

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD)

When Michael searches online for the nearest fitness center to see what exercises are offered, which stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change has he reached?

preparation

As the drug of choice for treating depression, _____ are also effective in treating OCD, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

serotonin boosting medication

The most profound state of unconsciousness occurs during which stage(s) of sleep?

stages 3 and 4

Janet suffers from bouts of insomnia. If she doesn't fall asleep quickly, she gets up and reads until she feels very tired. Which phrase best describes Janet's strategy for promoting sleep?

stimulus control therapy

Which group of Americans has the highest mortality rate for lung cancer?

African Americans

Infatuation involves a combination of intimacy and passion.

False

Self-love means being at ease with your positive qualities and forgiving yourself for your faults and failings.

True

A blended family is defined as children, parents, and grandparents living in the same household.

False

Dunbar's research revealed that emotional closeness is maintained and continues to grow through social media in the absence of face-to-face contact.

False

Happier couples typically have about twice as many positive as negative interactions.

False

If you are text messaging or checking e-mail while talking to your partner, friend, or child, you're fully engaged and really tuning into what they have to say.

False

Social reflection refers to the process by which our social circle influences our behavior and our health—both positively and negatively.

False

Students who engage in hookups are typically shy and seek emotional intimacy.

False

Health experts propose that people must ascribe to three beliefs if they hope to change their health behavior. One of these, "susceptibility," means that people _____.

acknowledge they are at risk for the negative consequences of their behavior

After dining at a restaurant, Michael feels anxious when trying to calculate an appropriate tip. Which type of stressor is Michael experiencing?

acute time-limited stressor

Which condition is directly associated with a fear of situations from which one perceives it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape?

agoraphobia

According to experts, the primary culprits responsible for the _____ epidemic include time, technology, and tension.

anger

Which type of drugs is most commonly used to treat people with schizophrenia?

antipsychotics

According to the American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Health Assessment, nearly one in five students said that _____ had impaired their ability to learn.

anxiety

Eric continually cuts in line in the employee cafeteria, which sometimes costs his co-worker, Cal, the dessert he wants. As an effective assertive tactic, Cal could _____.

ask Eric to be respectful of the other people in line

Arielle is planning to use biofeedback for stress reduction. Which activity is Arielle most likely to include when practicing this technique?

attaching an electronic monitoring device to her body

Typically, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder begin _____.

before age 2

Which type of couples therapy emphasizes teaching partners to sharpen both their communication and conflict-resolution skills?

behavioral marital therapy

The passionate first stage of both heterosexual and same-sex long-term relationships is referred to as _____.

blending

By encouraging Alex to recognize that what he believes is clearly inaccurate and how he thinks is too negative, Alex's therapist is engaging in _____.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Jayden assists at the local food pantry to fulfill a service-learning component of his sociology class. As a result of this experience, Jayden is more likely to _____.

commit to future volunteer work

Generally, a licensed clinical social worker has _____.

completed a two-year graduate program

When faced with behavioral choices that challenge your personal values, which step is most appropriate to take first?

consider the consequences of each choice

According to psychologist Robert Sternberg, which type of love is characterized by passion, intimacy, and commitment over time?

consummate love

Olivia has gained some weight over the past couple of months, seemingly due to her unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical exercise. Over roughly the same time period, Olivia's close friends also adopted these habits and gained weight. In addition, these trends have been passed along to their friends. This is an example of social _____.

contagion

As the body prepares to deal with a threat, the adrenal glands release the stress hormone _____.

cortisol

Which action is the best indicator of mental health?

demonstrating rational thought processes

Traumatic experiences such as being abused as a child or being in combat that occurred long ago but continue to have an emotional and psychological impact are examples of _____.

distinct stressors

According to a recent American College Health Association (ACHA) survey, approximately nine percent of students reported being in a(n) _____ relationship within the last year.

emotionally abusive

Gabrielle's partner stumbles in at 5 A.M. again after a night of drinking with friends, and spends the rest of the day in bed. Gabrielle tells her family that her partner can't make it for dinner that night because he is worn out from a rough week at work. Gabrielle's behavior is best described as _____.

enabling

Alcoholics Anonymous encourages behavioral changes by teaching people how to submit to strict discipline to correct a problem. Which model is represented by this approach to change?

enlightenment model

Theresa is fed up with her sweet tooth. One Saturday afternoon, she gathers all the candy bars that she had stashed around the house and donates the candy to a local scout troop. Which process of change is she demonstrating?

environmental control

Constantly picking at your skin is characteristic of which disorder?

excoriation

Which characteristic is most commonly associated with a Type D personality?

experiencing and inhibiting negative emotions

Based on recent research with college students, which personality trait corresponds most directly with behaviors that put health at risk?

extraversion

Research indicates that children in the United States are less likely to live to age _____ than those in other developed countries.

five

As individuals age, the _____, which governs reason and forethought, plays a greater role in dealing with daily stressors and helps put challenges into perspective.

frontal cortex

Inside your brain, _____ separate the brain from the bloodstream, assist in the growth of neurons, accelerate transmission of nerve impulses, and engulf and digest damaged neurons.

gila

Paul has started keeping a diary and begins each day by recording something for which he is thankful. Which term best describes Paul's technique for cultivating spiritual health?

gratitude intervention

According to recent studies, students most likely to engage in hookups tend to _____.

have an outgoing personality

Health outcomes for men and women differ in many ways, one of which is that men _____.

have higher rates of cancer

Establishing smoke-free zones and enforcing alcohol policies on college campuses illustrate a new emphasis on _____.

health promotion

Marie was ecstatic when she won a tablet computer by finishing first in the essay contest, but a week later, the feeling has faded. A psychologist would most likely say that Marie has experienced _____.

hedonic habituation

A(n) _____ approach integrates all aspects of health, and views health and the individual as a whole rather than piece-by-piece.

holistic

Hans Selye postulated that our bodies continually strive to maintain a stable and consistent physiological state, called _____.

homeostasis

Based on the latest findings by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, nearly a third of Americans over age 20 have _____.

hypertension

As working parents, Neil and Felicia try to set aside at least two hours a night to spend with their children. Based on this description, this family may be classified as a _____.

juggler family

Emotional intelligence (EQ), or the capacity of people to understand themselves and relate well with others, appears to be _____.

linked to increased work productivity

Norm visits Facebook every day but seldom posts content on his or anyone else's page. Instead, he spends most of his time "_____" to see what other people are saying or doing.

lurking

"Dunbar's number" is 150, which refers to the number of meaningful relationships that most people can _____.

maintain online and off

Which stress management technique is David employing when he seeks to be attuned to even the slightest physical sensation or the nearest sound?

mindfulness

An estimated 9 percent of all college students suffer from _____, which is characterized by the repeated reliving of a trauma through nightmares or recollection.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The practice of _____ emphasizes intentionally increasing and then decreasing muscular tension.

progressive relaxation

Lucia really wants to drive home for her great grandmother's 100th birthday, but there is a very large snow storm she will have to drive through. She decides that she is going to drive anyway, but puts chains on her tires and sticks to the interstate as much as possible. What type of behavior is she illustrating?

protective

Roxanne rarely goes to church, seldom prays, and has no interest in religion. Which activity is most appropriate to recommend to Roxanne if she is interested in enriching her spiritual life?

reading the inspirational writings of people of deep faith

Strategies proven to be beneficial to students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include _____.

recording lectures

John's coworkers' surprise him with a gift of a basket of fruit in recognition of John's efforts to lose weight. Their gift may influence John's behavior by serving as a(n) _____ factor.

reinforcing

According to the self-determination theory, an "amotivated" individual _____.

sees no value in a certain activity

Which need represents the highest level in the Maslow pyramid of psychological health?

self-actualization

Lisa generally enjoys being with other people, but at the same time, she worries a great deal about how she looks and whether she will say the right thing. Which term best describes her behavior?

self-consciously shy

Salma frequently posts very personal updates about her relationships on Facebook, providing information that even close friends would be unlikely to know had she not shared. In what type of behavior is Salma engaging?

self-disclosure

With respect to gender differences in the sleeping patterns on college campuses, male students generally _____.

sleep better at the beginning of the academic year

Which dimension of health involves placing the needs of others above your own?

spiritual

The ability to identify your purpose in life and to attain your full potential is best described as _____.

spiritual health

Increased psychological demands and low control or decision-making ability over one's job are components of high job _____.

strain

According to Hans Selye, _____ refers to the nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upon it.

stress

Though his home was badly damaged by a tornado, Luke remains optimistic and comments that years of dealing with the destruction caused by severe Midwestern storms has left him well-prepared to cope with the storms, their destruction, and the recovery process. Luke's history with the storms has resulted in _____.

stress inoculation

Jenna, a college sophomore, wants to master effective time-management techniques for studying. According to experts, which technique would be most effective?

studying for 50 minutes, then breaking for 10 minutes

As an example of the gender differences in mood management, women are more likely to _____.

talk to someone

Major depression is most common among individuals who are _____.

unemployed

Which type of minority stress arises from perceptions of the campus environment as unwelcoming to members of the student's group?

university social climate stress

Which group of Americans is generally at the highest risk for committing suicide?

white

Linguists studying gender differences in communication have found that men _____.

write briefer, more utilitarian e-mails

Self-esteem is based on _____.

your beliefs about yourself