Probation Officer Certification Academy

Intensive Outpatient.

Treatment services for probationers in a non-residential setting that consists of a minimum of 3, 2-hour face-to-face group sessions per week. 1, 1 hour individual session may be substituted for 1, 2-hours group session.

Which court has jurisdiction over misdemeanor offenses committed by Native American: B. On the reservation

Tribal Court - Misdemeanors involving tribal members.

What is the definition of Motivational Interviewing?

Motivational Interviewing is a COLLABORATIVE conversation style for strengthening a person's own MOTIVATION and COMMITMENT to change.

Constricted pupils, slow speech, and lack of HGN/VGN describes which drug category?

Narcotic

Responsively Principle - Guidance on how to provide treatment

Responsivity identifies how treatment and interventions should be delivered.

What standard of proof must a PO have to petition the court for a revocation of probation?

Rule 27.6 Reasonable cause to believe that a probationer has violated a written condition or regulation of probation.

Initial Appearance (Time Frame)

Rule 27.7 (A) If a probationer is arrested on a warrant, he or she must make an initial appearance before the issuing judge without unreasonable delay

Revocation arraignment (Time Frame)

Rule 27.8 (A) No more than 7 days after service of a summons or initial appearance

Violation Hearing (Time Frame)

Rule 27.8 (B) 7 to 20 days after the revocation arraignment This hearing determines whether a probationer violated a condition or regulation. - Violation must be established by a preponderance of the evidence

Disposition Hearing (Time Frame)

Rule 27.8 (C) 7 to 20 days after a determination that violation occurred The court may revoke probation, modify it, or continue it as it was. The court cannot revoke probation as a result of a violation if the probationer has not received a written copy of the conditions of probation.

What burden of proof does the court use to established a violation of probation occurred?

Rule 27.8 B (3) Preponderance of the evidence

What is Discord? What does it sound like?

-When a probationer begins to defend themselves, the officer should realize there is discord occurring. - It takes two to blaming, minimizing, justifying. Discord may also sound like: - blaming -minimizing -justifying

What was the major ruling regarding immunity in the Acevedo case?

A probation officer has absolute immunity when acting under the direction of the judge when performing a function.

Per Arizona v. Adair (2016) a warrantless search of a probationer complies with the 4th amendment under what circumstance?

The totality of the circumstances

What is a collateral interview and why are they used?

- A collateral interview or contact occurs whenever the probation officer has a meaningful interaction with someone other than the probationer - The probationer is not a collateral 1. Verify statements of the probationer 2. Assess progress of probationer 3. Gather information regarding probationer 4. Identify problems 5. Maintain support

According to ARS 13-4415 the victim is entitled to receive notice of which post conviction proceeding?

- Any proposed modification to any term of probation if the modification affects restitution or incarceration status or the defendant's/delinquent's contact with or the safety of the victim. - The victim's right to be heard at a hearing that is set to consider any modification to be mad to any term of probations. - Any violation of any term of probation that result in the filling with the court a petition to revoke probation - That a petition to revoke probation alleging that the defendant absconded from probation has been filled with the court - Any conduct by the defendant that raises a substantial concern for the victim's safety

Risk-Need-Responsivity Principle (RNR)

- Forms the foundation for everything we do in supervision - Understanding and applying the RNR principles is key to successful behavior changed and supported by EBP research. - Risk (Who) - Need (What) - Responsively (How)

List the reasons chronological records are important to your case plan.

- Provide documentation of the use of a supervision (case) plan - Allows monitoring of the progress (or regress) of that plan - Provides a link between the plan and the actions of the probationer - Allows for evaluation of interventions and analysis of adjustment that might be need

What are some of the purpose for conducting home visits?

- Visits take place in comfort zone of probationer - Opportunity for PO to show interest - Address verification - Talk to collaterals - Helps PO develops trust/rapport with probationer - Allows outside interaction - Opportunity to verify compliance with conditions

When thinking about Trauma Informed Principles, why is it beneficial to understand trauma and stress? What do we understand about trauma, stress, reactions, recovery?

- Without understanding trauma, we are more likely to adopt behavior and beliefs that are negative and unhealthy. - When we understand it we act compassionately take well informed step to wellness. Trauma- is common but experienced uniquely due to its many variations in form and impact Stress- optimal levels of positive stress can be healthy but that chronic or extreme stress has damaging effects. Reactions- Many trauma reactions are adaptive but that some resulting behaviors and beliefs may impede recovery and wellness. Recovery- trauma can be overcome effectively through accessible treatment, skills, relationships and personal practice.

Risk Principle - Work with moderate and high-risk cases

- this principle identifies who we spend the most time with and who receives treatment referrals. - Risk measures probability to reoffend - Keep low- risk cases out of intensive programming to avoid interference with existing strengths and or increased association with higher risk individuals - Risk directly ties to dosage and intensity

List the 9 pointers to being a good witness.

1. Be prepared to recite your qualification 2. Answer the questions that was asked 3. Speak clearly and distinctly using ordinary English 4. Be sincere, dignified, and warm 5. Let the attorney develop your testimony 6. If you don't know the answer to the question, say so, don't answer questions you don't know the answer to. 7. When answering questions, look at the person asking the questions or at the judge 8. Don't make your testimony confirm to other testimony you have heard 9. Tell the truth.

List 4 examples of Protective Factors.

1. Close relationships with competent caregivers or other caring adults. 2. Socioeconomic advantages and concrete support for parents and families. 3. Parent resilience and support. 4. Positive social connections and prosocial involvement. 5. Communities and social systems that support health and development and nurture humans. 6. Identifying and cultivating a sense of purpose (faith, culture, identity).

List the Universal Ethical Values.

1. Honesty 2. Integrity 3. Promote Keeping 4. Fidelity/Loyalty 5. Fairness 6. Caring for others 7. Respect for others 8. Responsible Citizenships 9. Pursuit of Excellence 10. Accountability

What are the 5 basic rules for providing effective testimony in court?

1. Know your forum - informal or formal proceeding 2. Know your court procedures- vary in manner, formally, hearing rules. 3. Know your attorney - prosecute or defense counsel 4. Know the law 5. Know the case

Name 3 of the shared goals between the Probation Officer and the Treatment Provider.

1. Minimize risk to the public 2. Obtain adherence to treatment plan and abstinence from substance use 3. Promote successful community reintegration with goal of abstinence.

List the 10 pointers to remember when under Cross-Examination.

1. Tell the truth 2. Listen carefully to the question; don't answer unless you are sure you understand it. Formulate your answer before speaking. 3. If the question has two parts requiring different answer, answer it in two parts. 4. If you are testifying as an expert be prepared to reconcile or distinguish you opinion from differing school of thought. 5. Don't close yourself off from supplying additional details. 6. Don't be rushed 7. Don't argue with the attorney 8. If the question call for a yes or no answer, answer it yes or no if possible 9. Be prepared to answer hypothetical questions calling your opinion 10. Do not answer a question after an objection has been made, wait until the judge says you may answer or a new question is put to you

List 3 examples of not being within the course and scope of employment while using your private vehicle.

1. To and from work 2. To and from lunch in the area of employment and not on authorized state business. 3. on other that state-authorized business.

What are the 3 types of searches?

1. Warrant 2. Warrantless 3. Pat down

Principle of Drug Abuse Treatment: B. Which principle relates to the use of graduated responses to address noncompliant behavior regarding substance use?

11. Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective.

Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment: A. Which principle(s) relates to the concept of responsivity?

2. No single treatment is appropriate for everyone 4. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just his or her drug abuse.

C. A person has been convicted of a class 3 felony dangerous offense with two historical priors. What is the maximum term of imprisonment the defendant can receive?

25 years

B. For possession of PCP to be considered over the threshold amount, how much PCP must be found in the defendant's possession?

4 grams or 50 milliters

What percentage of medium-high to high-risk probationer's time should be structured?

40-70 percent

Which Constitutional amendment protects American from unlawful search and seizure?

4th Amendment- "the right of the people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be search, and the persons or the things to be seized"

A. What is the presumptive prison terms for a class 3 felony dangerous first offense?

7.5 years

How does the behavioral analysis benefit the officer?

A behavioral analysis assists the officer in identifying potential areas to monitor, behaviors to positively reinforce, and behaviors where the officer may need to express disapproval. The information obtained from a behavioral analysis can be invaluable in creating case plans to interrupt the chain of events that typically lead to criminal behavior.

Motivational Enhancement.

A client centered counseling approach for initiating behavior change by helping probationers resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment and stopping drug use.

Short Term Residential

A type of treatment or counseling for alcohol and other drug disorders where the probationer resides at the facility for 30 days or less.

Be able to locate and be familiar with the powers, duties, and responsibilities of adult probation officers.

ARS 12-253 Powers and Duties of Adult Probation Officer 1. Make and file a complete record 2. Exercise general supervision and observation 3. Serve warrants, make arrests 4. Investigate cases referred to the officer for investigation 5. Secure and keep a complete identification record 6. Obtain and assemble information concerning the conduct of persons 7. Bring defaulting probationers into court 8 Monitor the payment of restitution

What is the victim's right regarding reading of the resentence report?

ARS 13-4425 If the resentence report is available to the defendant the court shall permit the victim to inspect the resentence report except those parts exercised by the court or made confidential by law. A copy should be provided to the victim.

Be able to answer questions about the Rules of Criminal Procedure

Answer A, B

Be able to use the Arizona Criminal and Traffic Law Manual to locate definitions and information on various offenses. Below are some practice questions.

Answer A, B

Be able to answer questions about the minimum, presumptive, and maximum prison sentences, and probation terms for different classes of offenses. You will be allowed to use the Criminal and Traffic Law Manual, the sentencing chart, and the Arizona Rules of Court to answer these questions. Below you will find some practice questions.

Answer A, B, C

Protective Factors

Are individual or environmental characteristics, conditions, or behavior that reduce the effects of stressful life events. These factors also increase an individuals ability to avoid risks or hazards and promote social and emotional competence to thrive in all aspects of life, now and in the future.

What is the time frame for completing an OST assessment?

At the time of Pre-sentence interview or Within 30 days of Sentencing

What information is important to establish in chronological records?

By keeping a written record in chronological order the supervising probation officer establishes some important information: - The history of the probationer while on probation -The quantity/quality of the supervising officer's efforts to help the probationer meet the goals of probation - The quality of the supervising officer's efforts to protect the community

Dilated pupils are characteristic of which drug categories?

Ca- cannabis S- stimulants h- hallucinogens

What category of drugs exhibit HGN and or VGN?

Central Nervous System depressant, Dissociative Anesthetics, and Inhalants.

Static Factor

Characteristics of a probationer that are statistically correlated with greater likelihood of recidivism and that are constant or historical and cannot be changed or can only increase; factors such as: age, gender, number of prior arrests, prior convictions, age at first arrest, and alcohol/substance abuse history.

Dynamic Factor

Characteristics, statistically correlated with greater likelihood of recidivism that can change through appropriate intervention; factors such as: attitude, substance abuse, anger management.

What stage of change is someone in if they acknowledge their behavior could be problematic.

Contemplation.

What are three negative impacts someone can experience later in life if they have a high ACEs score?

Depression Chronic Health conditions Increase in Opioid use

What are the 3 communication style?

Directing- "I know what you should do and here is how to do it" Following- "I trust your wisdom and will stay with you and will let you work this out in your own way" Guiding (Hearth of MI)- "let's explore your ambivalence about changing your behavior together and discuss what your options are."

Which type can be changed through appropriate interventions?

Dynamic Factor

Why is it important to build Case Plan Goals and Strategies from the individual's Driver and not solely the Criminogenic need?

Enables probation officers to establish strategies for more meaningful, purposeful, and effective interventions in case plan.

What are the 4 processes in the Method of MI and what happens in each process?

Engaging- officer and client establish a cooperative and working relationship. Focusing- officer creates and maintains a specific direction in the conversation about change. Evoking- involves eliciting the clients intrinsic motivation to change. Planning- This process develops commitment to change and formulate a specific plan of actions

Which court has jurisdiction over felony offenses committed by Native American: B. On the reservation

Federal Court - Felony crimes occurring on the reservation are handled through federal courts.

What is the time frame for completing a FROST?

Every 12 months or Upon discovery of significant changes in criminogenic risk and needs or continued criminal conduct

What is a bench trial?

Evidence is presented to the judge, who makes the determination of guilt ("beyond a reasonable doubt.")

Which branch of Arizona government interprets and applies laws related to community supervision (parole)?

Executive Branch

The 4 pillar that encompass the Spirit of MI are referred to as what?

Habits Of The Heart

What was the original purpose behind the ACEs Study?

How stressful or traumatic experience during childhood affect adult health decades after the trauma.

Why is it important to properly describe the purpose of the behavioral analysis?

Increase understanding, buy-in and willingness to invest the time needed to complete the form.

What is the term to describe the point at which the brain has adapted to the effect of the drug, decreasing the rewards of using, and cravings take over?

Increased Tolerance

Of the three court Jurisdiction in Arizona: D. Which one hears appeals from Superior Court cases?

Intermediate Appellate Court - hears appeals of Superior Court cases

Define "Reasonable Suspicion"

Is a standard of proof in the U.S. that is less than Probable Cause. However, it is more than mere suspicion or a hunch. The intrusion must be justified by the ability to point to specific and articulate facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts reasonably justify the intrusion. Probation officer are held to this standard of proof prior to conducting a search.

What information does an assessment provide and how is this information useful to probation officers?

It measures offenders criminogenic risk factor and specific needs that if addressed will reduce the likelihood of future criminal activity.

Which branch of Arizona government interprets and applies laws related to probation?

Judicial Branch

Which branch of government are you employed by?

Judicial Branch

What are the three branches of government?

Judicial Branch - Drafts and promulgates the law Legislative Branch - Signs into law creating the statutes Executive Branch - Also, enforces, interprets, and applies the laws.

Be familiar with the Code of Conduct for Judicial Employee.

Judicial Employees should maintain the dignity of the judiciary at all times and avoid both impropriety (violations) and the appearance of impropriety. They should aspire at all times to conduct that ensures the greatest possible public confidence in their independence, impartiality (absence of bias or prejudice), integrity, and competence.

What are the recommended approach to avoid liability?

Know the statutes, rules, & policies Follow the statutes, rules, & policies Verify Document Act in Good Faith Consult- supervisors, peers, attorneys before potential problem arises.

What is the maximum liability coverage for Arizona probation officers under the state's risk coverage?

There is no upper limit of coverage for probation officers under Arizona's risk coverage.

What is the benefit to using the scoring guide to score the OST/FROST?

Leads to accuracy in scoring and consistency in validation of the instrument.

Of the three court Jurisdiction in Arizona: A. Which one primarily hears misdemeanor cases?

Limited Jurisdiction - Justice courts and Municipal courts (hear misdemeanor, civil, and criminal cases, some initial appearance for felonies)

Which court has jurisdiction over misdemeanor offenses committed by Native American: A. Off the reservation

Limited Jurisdiction Court - Misdemeanors and traffic offenses.

What is the main difference for the receiving state under ICAOS (Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision) between mandatory and discretionary transfers?

Mandatory transfer of supervision- an offender shall be eligible for transfer of supervision to a receiving state under the compact, and the receiving state shall accept transfer Discretionary transfer of supervision- The receiving state shall have the discretion to accept or reject the transfer of supervision in a manner consistent with the purpose of the compact.

What are the core skills used to build rapport?

O pen ended question - it would not be answered with a yes or no A ffirmation- acknowledging a person strength and effort. R eflections- allows client to re-hear the thoughts and feelings they are conveying in different words and think about them. S ummaries- reflections that collect what the client has said and offering it back.

Define Evidence-Based Practice

Objective, balance, and responsible use of current research and the best available data to guide policy and practice (supervision) decisions, such that outcomes for probationers are improved.

To preserve their right to receive notification of proceeding against a probationer, victims must:

Opt-In - Filling a request form - Update phone number and address

What are the 4 pillar of the Spirit of MI?

Partnership- collaboration between expert (equal power), we create an environment that is conducive for change, but we do not want to be coercive. Acceptance- recognizing the worth and potential of every person. 4 aspect of acceptance: - Absolute worth: respecting the inherent values and potential of every human being. - Empathy: understanding and can communicate an accurate understanding of a probationer perspectives and experiences - Autonomy: accepts and confirms the probationers right to independence and choice - Affirmation: highlights the positive, seeking and recognizing a probationer strengths and efforts Compassion- is to actively encourage the prosperity of a probationer in all areas of his or her life. Evocation- is where an officer draws out a probationer's own motivation for a specific change.

What is the purpose and time limit for each of the following adult processes: Sentencing

Upon a determination of guilt, the court must se a date for sentencing. Sentencing shall be pronounced not less than 15 or more than 30 days after the determination of guilt.

Identify the five primary stages of changes that individuals can experience.

Pre-contemplation (Not Ready) Contemplation (Getting Ready) Preparation with plan (Ready) Action (Moving forward) Maintenance (managing and preventing drift) Termination (When appropriate)

Which document is normally the most useful aid to the trial judge for sentencing purpose?

Pre-sentence report The court report is the only detailed information available on the defendant for the judge to use in making case decisions.

What is the burden of proof at a preliminary hearing and trail for new offense?

Preliminary Hearing - if it appears from the evidence that there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant committed it, the magistrate shall enter a written order holding the defendant to answer before the superior court. Trail - The burden of proof is "beyond a reasonable doubt" the that the defendant committed the offense for which he/she is charged, or to some "lesser" offense.

What is the difference between probation and community supervision (parole).

Probation is suspended sentence Community Supervision is the second part of a prison sentence.

Who are the parties involved in completing the Frost?

Probation officer and Probationer

What is the purpose of adult and juvenile probations?

Protection of Community and Rehabilitation of the offender

When are compact rules triggered?

Relocate: means to remain in another state for more than 45 consecutive days in any 12 months.

What evidence based principle involves matching a probationer's type of treatment to his needs?

Responsivity

What is the purpose and time limit for each of the following adult processes: Initial Appearance

Rule 4.1 (A) - A person shall be taken before a magistrate without any unnecessary delay - if the person is not brought before a magistrate within 24 hours after arrest, he or she shall immediately be released.

A. According to Rule of Criminal Procedure, what must happen to the defendant who was arrested on Sunday at 6 P.M, but didn't appear before a magistrate until Tuesday at 8 A.M because of the Columbus Day holiday break?

Rule 4.1 A (Should be immediately release)

What is the purpose and time limit for each of the following adult processes: Preliminary Hearing

Rule 5.1 - A defendant has a right to a preliminary hearing if charged in a complaint with a felony. - The preliminary hearing must be held within 10 days of the initial appearance if the defendant is in custody. if the def. is not in custody, the hearing must be held within 20 days of the initial appearance.

B. A defendant has been released by order of the court prior to trial and must follow certain conditions; for example, appearing to answer, refrain from committing a new offense, not leave the state, and other conditions. Where is this found?

Rule 7.3 (Condition of release)

Define the acronym S.M.A.R.T

S- Specific: An act that is distinct from the other M- Measurable: Quality or action to be taken A- Affirmative: Must contain positive actions/language R- Realistic: Must be attainable T- Time-lined: Must have a deadline

Your probationer asked to apply for an interstate compact transfer, but you don't think it should be permitted. What should you do?

Say no transferring via the compact is a privilege not a right.

What is a possible consequence for the sending state if a probationer commits offenses in the receiving state?

Sending state may be requested to retake the offender

What are the 4 most common areas for third-party liability lawsuits against probation officers in Arizona?

Sex offenses Drug & Alcohol related offenses Domestic Violences Mental health issues

What is Ambivalence?

Simultaneously wanting and not wanting something. Or wanting both of two incompatible things.

What is the process that humans work through as they attempt to change behavior?

Stages Of Change 1. Pre-contemplation- not ready to make change, not aware of the problem, highlight the disadvantage of changing, PO goal is to raise doubt in this stage. 2. Contemplation- want to make change but not ready to make change, sees the problem, PO goal is to explore ambivalence. 3. Preparation/Determination- Ready to take action within the next 30 days, take minor action to change behavior, believe that changing their behavior may guide them to a healthier life, PO's goal is to remove obstacles. 4. Action- person changed behavior within the last 6 months. Their aims to keep advancing that behavior change. PO's job to help client begin to take action steps and activate their plan. 5. Maintenance- behavior change lasted for more than 6 months, intends to continue the behavior change indefinitely, PO's job to be sure the client is developing skills to maintain the behavior. 6. Permanent Exit- has no longing to return to previous unhealthy behavior, they will not relapse. 7. Relapse- part of the cycle, PO's job to help client decipher what he or she has learned through this, help client assess where they are now and assist them to start again.

What is Change talk?

Statement that favor change.

What is Sustain talk?

Statement that justify their current behavior. The probationer identify why they can't/won't change.

Name and briefly define the two types of risk factors. Which type can be changed through appropriate interventions?

Static Factor Dynamic Factor

Dilated pupils, rapid speech and increased energy are characteristic of what drug category?

Stimulant

Which categories of drugs are HGN/VGN not present?

Stimulant, Hallucinogens, Narcotics, and Cannabis

Of the three court Jurisdiction in Arizona: C. Which one has general jurisdiction over probation matters?

Superior Court - Court of general jurisdiction (statewide jurisdiction) - Probation officers are employed by the Superior Court.

Which court has jurisdiction over felony offenses committed by Native American: A. Off the reservation

Superior Court - Felonies are usually handled through the Superior court.

Of the three court Jurisdiction in Arizona: B. Which one is the highest court with the power to hear appeals?

Supreme Court - Highest court (appellate and administrative responsibilities)

What is the difference between Terminal and Instrumental values?

Terminal- is the ending goal Instrumental- is how you get to that goal

What is the behavioral Analysis?

The Behavioral Analysis (BA) is an assessment that provides the officer and JII information needed to identify specific targets (high-risk situations, people, places, things, and thoughts) that increases that individual's risk of getting into trouble.

What are some options to address violations behavior other than filing a petition to revoke?

Verbal reprimand, effective use of authority Intermediate sanction/graduated responses (referral to treatment, memo to court, serve deferred jail term, etc.)

What is the purpose and time limit for each of the following adult processes: Arraignment

The arraignment shall be held within 10 days (for def. in custody), 30 days (for def. not in custody) after the filing of an indictment, information, or complaint.

What is the purpose and time limit for each of the following adult processes: Trial

The court must try every defendant against whom an indictment, information, or complaint is filed. Trial must occur within 150 days of the arraignment if the def. is in custody; 180 days if def. is out of custody

What are the key points to proving third party liability?

The officer had a duty to warn and Procter; a foreseeable victim and foreseeable harm (injury) - 3 parties needs to occur: PO, Probationer & Victim

Of the three definitions of ethics, be familiar with the definition dealing with professionalism.

The principles of right conduct with reference to a specific profession, mode of life etc.

Which rule prevails when a state rule and an interstate compact rule conflict with each other?

The rules promulgated by the compact have the full force and effect of federal law. All member states of the compact are obligated to enforce and comply with these rules.

Which state is responsible for victim notification when a probationer is transferred to another state?

The sending state

Need Principles - Provides Foundations and Focus

This principle identifies what and individual should focus on while under supervision - desired goal is recidivism reduction

How does the behavioral analysis benefit the JII?

Through the process of analyzing their own behavior, the JII and officer begin to recognize high-risk situations, discuss avoiding them, and further discuss what skills would help the JII cope with them if avoidance is not possible or fails as a strategy.

B. What statute defines a juvenile as a "chronic (felony) offender?

Title 13 (13-501)

A. Where do you find aggravating and mitigating circumstances affecting sentencing?

Title 13 (13-701)

Why are assessment the foundation of EBP?

To reduce recidivism, research reveals JII should be assessed to: identify their risk to reoffend (risk); identify criminogenic needs (needs); and determine the most effective mode of intervention (responsivity).

Standard Outpatient.

Treatment services for probationers in a non-residential setting that consists of a minimum of 1, 90 minute face-to-face group sessions per week with a maximum of 5 face-to-face contact hours per week. 1, 1-hour individual session may be substituted for 1, 90 minute group session.

When must a sending state initiate procedures to notify a victim in the state of the request to transfer the supervision of a probationer?

Within 1 business days of the issuance of reporting instructions or acceptance of transfer by the receiving state.

When must the receiving state submit a violation report to the sending state for a probationer?

Within 30 days

If you are driving a county or state car the state will provide auto liability coverage if you meet what criteria?

You are within the course and scope of employment while driving a state or county car: - on authorized state business - to and from work - to and from lunch on a workday - outside the area of regular employment on authorized state business - at any other specifically state-authorized time outside regular hours.