Probation Officer Exam

10. One of your juvenile probationers who is in detention on a new charge confesses to you and gives you specific details about the crime. You ask him why he is confessing, and he responds, "You are just like my lawyer, and all this is priv- ileged information." What should your next step be? a. Figuring that he is in jail and won't get out any time soon, you should falsely agree that his confession is privileged information. b. You should agree that his confession is privi- leged and encourage him to repeat his con- fession to the detectives. c. You should tell him that the confession isn't privileged information because you are not covered under the attorney-client privilege, and that you must tell the prosecutor. d. You should tell him that the confession isn't privileged and that you will give him 48 hours to tell the detectives or you will.

10. C. A probation officer does not have the same coverage and responsibilities to maintain confidentiality as an attorney does, and there- fore, the officer must provide appropriate personnel with any information that will help solve crimes. Additionally, in some states' statutes, probation and parole officers are considered law enforcement officers and, therefore, have an obligation to provide information received from offenders. Choices a and b would be irresponsible of a law enforcement officer because they call for deceiving the probationer. Choice d does not relieve a probation officer of his or her responsibility.

11. Probation revocation can be decided only by a. the probation officer. a. the probation officer b. the court. c. the probation supervisor. d. the county commission

11. Answer B. The court is the only entity that has jurisdic- tion over a probationer and his or her sentence. Choices a and c are incorrect, because those people make recommendations to the court but do not decide on the actual sentence. Choice d is incorrect because the county com- mission is not a lawful judicial entity.

12. In the matter of a probation revocation, the judge has the option to a. continue probation with or without extend- ing the probation term. b. modify the conditions of probation. c. revoke the sentence of probation and resen- tence the defendant. d. all of the above.

12. Answer D. All of the choices are options afforded to judges regarding the revocation of a sentence of probation.

13. You have a 17-year-old probationer who has refused to pay her mandatory court costs (fines) and restitution. She claims she will be released from the financial obligation when she turns 18 and is released from her probation. She will turn 18 in three months. Which is NOT an option for your consideration? a. to start revocation proceedings because she has the means to pay the fines and restitu- tion but has repeatedly refused b. to try talking to her again about the impor- tance of paying off debts, etc. c. to avoid making this an issue because you know you can keep her on probation after her 18th birthday d. to let the probationer know her facts may not be accurate and that you have asked your supervisor to sit with you while you explain again the importance of paying debts and making amends for the crime, and then, if she continues to refuse to pay, start revocation proceedings

13. Answer D. Not taking action is not a possibility for a probation officer. Ignoring a condition of probation, even with a short time frame left on probation, is not an appropriate action to take. Although it may be a difficult decision to start revocation proceedings for failure to pay restitution, it is an important and stan- dard condition of probation. It is extremely important for offenders to make amends for their crimes and pay restitution to "make the victim whole." The action an officer should take is choice d; however, once you have taken this step, or the step described in choice b, then revocation proceedings, choice a, would be the necessary action.

14. -------- is defined as the release of a convicted offender under condi- tions imposed by the court for a specific time frame during which the court maintains the authority to modify the conditions or resen- tence the offender as needed. a. Prerelease planning b. Probation c. Community corrections d. Parole

14. Answer B. During probation, the judge maintains control over the offender and the offender's sentence. Only the judge has the authority to modify the conditions or revoke the sentence. Prerelease planning, choice a, in which the officer and offender determine where the offender will live and work and in which programs he or she will participate, is completed when offenders are working toward their release from detention or prison. Choice c is a non-incarcerative option in which offenders serve all or a portion of their sentences in the community-based pro- grams. These programs usually occur at the beginning of the sentence or as a back-end pro- gram that assists prisoners in community reen- try. Choice d is the conditional release of an offender from a correctional institution under the continued custody of the state, to serve the remainder of his or her sentence in the com- munity under supervision.

15. The man who has been recognized as "the Father of Probation" is a. John Augustus. b. Alexander Machonochie. c. Peter Oxenbridge Thacher. d. King Henry VII.

15. Answer A. In 1841, Boston citizen John Augustus bailed out a "common drunk," took him to his home, helped him with his drinking problem, and taught him a trade (boot making). John then took the rehabilitated man back to the Boston court three weeks later where the reformed man was released after paying a small fine. Choice b is incorrect; Alexander Machonochie established an earlier system of parole. Choice c is incorrect; Peter Oxen- bridge Thacher was a judge who introduced a system of release on recognizance. King Henry VII, choice d, provided early sentences to wrongdoers.

16. You have to go to the facility where your proba- tioner being held while awaiting sentencing. You go to the nearest a. prison. b. halfway house. c. jail. d. reentry program.

16. Answer C. confines people who are detained (for arrests or transports), awaiting sentencing, or serv- ing a sentence for up to one year. A prison (choice a) is a state-run, long-term facility that confines offenders who have been con- victed of a felony for a period of one year or more. Choices b and d are programs into which offenders may be released when they are under community supervision. These programs allow offenders to reenter the com- munity with available resources and support.

17. The presentence investigation report is used a. by the courts to determine an appropriate sentence for the offender. b. by the victim to determine how much resti- tution is owed to him or her. c. by the correctional institutions for purposes of classification and treatment. d. choices a and c

17. Answer d. Presentence investigation reports are a major source of information used by the courts to determine what type of sentence is appropri- ate for the offender. If the sentence includes prison time, then the presentence investiga- tion report is used by the correctional staff to help determine what type of treatment and classification is needed for the offender. Choice b is incorrect because, although the victim is able to provide information that may be included in the report, the victim is not provided a copy of the report, which includes the offender's historical information.

. 18. You have been asked to complete a presentence investigation report on an offender. When you go to the jail to start this process, the offender tells you that on the advice of his attorney, he is not going to participate actively in this process and you are going to have to find out informa- tion on your own. Your next step is to a. tell the offender that you will see him sit in jail for taking that approach with you. b. try to convince the offender that it is in his best interest to talk with you, even asking if the offender would like to call his attorney again. c. leave the jail and go to the judge's chambers to ask him or her to insist that the offender cooperate. d. leave the jail and go to the records division of the courthouse to start collecting the offender's criminal history and collateral information.

18. Answer d. A presentence investigation report does not have to be completed with the offender. An offense-based report is strictly informing the court about the current offense and past crimes. A presentence investigation officer may also be able to collect information regarding the victim, and possibly the offender's family, friends, codefendants, etc. If this information is available, the officer may interview these individuals for possible infor- mation to pass along to the court. Choice b may be a strategy an officer wishes to attempt before leaving the offender and starting his or her own search, but again the offender's input is not needed to complete the report. Choices a and c will only cause stress to the offender and to the judge, and are not considered pro- fessional conduct.

19. You have been asked to prepare a presentence investigation report on a high profile case. You work for hours on this case, only to have the completed report "trashed" by the judge in the open courtroom. You should a. demand a meeting with the judge to find out what his problem with the report is. b. ask to meet with your supervisor to go over the report to see how you could improve. c. ask to receive additional training or attend writing classes, specifically investigation report writing classes. d. quit because you obviously can't do the job.

19. Answer B. You first will need to gain your supervisor's support and confidence in your work. There- fore, asking your supervisor to meet with you to advise on and assist you with the quality of your investigation reports is a good idea. Choice c is a nice, second option for addi- tional training after you gain insight from your supervisor. Choice a is not really wise, especially if you wish to retain your employ- ment. Judges have the ability to indicate the report was not useful wherever they see fit. It is your responsibility to provide a report that the judge will find useful; it is not the judge's responsibility to tell you what he wants. Choice d is would be overreacting to this sit- uation. Everyone has his or her own idea of what specific items should be included in reports. The officer should not take criticism as a personal attack, even if it feels that way.

20. A juvenile commits an act that is punishable by law. This is called? a. a delinquent act. b. an act indicating a child in need of supervision. c. an act indicating a person in need of supervision. d. an act that should be handled by the adult system.

20. A. There are two types of cases that go to juve- nile court: status offenses and delinquent acts. Each is based on the type of act commit- ted. Acts that would not be punishable if committed by an adult are called status offenses, choices b and c. These acts are also commonly referred to as CINS or PINS. These types of offenders are referred to as status offenders. An act punishable by law, when committed by a juvenile, is known as a delinquent act, or choice a, which is the cor- rect answer. These acts have punishments offered under the state's penal code. The age of the juvenile and the type of act committed would determine whether the juvenile is remanded to the adult system (choice d).

21. An offender is more likely to abscond if which of the following is true? a. The offender is frequently unemployed. b. The offender lives in unstable conditions. c. The offender is male. d. choices a and b d. the state in which the offender was originally placed on probation

21. D. Frequent unemployment and unstable living conditions are two factors that can cause an offender to leave supervision. It is important for a parole officer to understand the factors or situations that lead to a return to criminal behavior. Choice c indicates that gender has something to do with absconding. Although there are more men within the criminal jus- tice system, research has not shown a connec- tion between being male and absconding.

22. Which example is NOT a technical violation? a. failing to report b. moving without telling the probation or parole officer c. associating with people who have commit- ted offenses d. being arrested for driving under the influence

22. d. Choices a, b, and c are, in fact, three of the standard conditions of any offender's proba- tion or parole.

23. When violations of supervision conditions are committed in a state that is not the state in which the offender committed the original offense, who has the authority to revoke or modify the conditions? a. the federal courts b. the state in which the violations occurred c. the Interstate Compact consortium d. the state in which the offender was originally placed on probation

23. d. The state from which the offender was trans- ferred is responsible for thoroughly and cor- rectly carrying out all of the probation revocation processes. The probationer would be returned from the state in which he or she violated probation conditions (choice b) to the state in which the original crime was committed. The only obligation of the state in which the violations occurred would be the necessary documentation of the viola- tions and later testimony, either in person or by phone, if necessary. The federal courts (choice a) do not have jurisdiction in these situations unless a federal crime has been committed. The Interstate Compact is an agreement between U.S. states and U.S. terri- tories that allows for the supervision of pro- bationers and parolees across state lines. This is more of an administrative function than a jurisdiction agency.

24. According to the American Probation and Parole Association, all probation and parole offi- cers must complete which of the following levels of qualifications at the time they are hired? a. high school plus five years of experience working with offenders b. a bachelor's degree plus one year of experi- ence or graduate study c. a master's degree and three months of expe- rience working with offenders d. both bachelor's and master's degrees

24. b. Most states require a bachelor's degree for the positions of probation and parole officers. At least 86% of states require a bachelor's degree for juvenile probation officers. Many states allow a combination of education and experi-ence as a substitute for the bachelor's degree, while others require higher education studies. Choice a is the qualification standard (at least the high school portion) for most jobs in the corrections field, but states also like to see a combination of education and experience. Choices c and d are incorrect because only one state is known to require a master's degree for an entry-level probation or parole job (Hawaii).

25. Which of the following lists civil rights that have been given to offenders by the courts, unless a compelling state interest can be shown as to why they should not be given? a. freedom of religion, freedom from wrongful search and seizure, and the right to bear arms b. freedom of religion, freedom of speech, free- dom of the press, and the right to assembly c. freedom from cruel and unusual punish- ment, freedom from wrongful search and seizure, the right to vote d. freedom of religion, the right to bear arms, and the right to vote

25. B. The freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the right to assem- bly are all provided by the First Amendment. Choice a includes the right to bear arms, which is a collateral consequence of commit- ting a crime. In other words, when convicted of a crime, citizens lose certain civil rights such as the right to vote, the right to serve on a jury, and the right to own a firearm. Federal law also restricts convicted felons from pos- sessing, shipping, transporting, or receiving any firearms or ammunition. In choice c, los- ing the right to vote is a collateral conse- quence of the conviction; however, the freedom from cruel and unusual punish- ment, protected by the Eighth Amendment, and the freedom wrongful search and seizure, protected by the Fourth Amendment, are both rights that offenders do retain after con- viction. Choice d is also incorrect because only losing the rights to vote and bear arms are collateral consequences of conviction.

26. A reasonable condition of probation and parole is a. directly related to the offense. b. a clear punishment. c. one that the offender can follow, with a pos- sibility of completing. d. explicit, precise, clear, and easily understood.

26. B. Although choice d is important, the correct answer is choice b. It is vital that offenders be given supervision conditions that can be accomplished. Choice a may be true for spe- cial conditions (that is, sex offenders, or sub- stance abusers, etc.). Choice b is not a responsibility of your job; the act of provid- ing appropriate punishment is up to the sen- tencing court.

27. A probation or parole officer who considers his or her role as a "service broker" is a. providing counseling to the offenders. b. referring offenders to different programs according to their needs. c. providing structure regarding the rules and procedures of supervision. d. holding offenders accountable, but provid- ing services when requested by the offender.

27. B. Referring offenders to different programs appropriate for their needs is the service bro-kerage style of supervision. As a service broker, the officer offers resources to the offender based upon his or her needs and upon the rea- sons that the offender is within the system. This style of supervision also provides the offender with the rules and expectations of the supervision conditions, as well as of the referred programs. In choice a, the officer interacts with offenders in a counselor/counselee dynamic; this method does not provide much structure but includes a lot of discussion. The style of supervision in choice c is more concerned with providing structure to ensure that the offender adheres to the rules and conditions success- fully; however, there is always the risk that the offender may not be able to stay out from trou- ble once the structure is not provided. Choice d allows the officer to hold the offender account- able through rules and conditions, but when asked, the officer will volunteer resources to provide assistance.

28. Which of the following is essential as soon as supervision starts? a. The offender must submit regular monthly reports to the officer. b. The offender must find employment. c. The offender must maintain family support. d. The offender must schedule meetings for the necessary resources (i.e., drug counseling, Alcoholics Anonymous, sex offender coun- seling, etc.).

28. B. Obtaining employment provides offenders with a sense of freedom to accomplish other goals under supervision. Also, according to a RAND study that measured practitioner recidivism rates in the United States, employed offenders tend to have a better chance of maintaining a successful supervi- sion period and avoiding recidivism. Although choices a, c, and d are important, those accomplishments are not as vital as employment to the self-esteem, self-respect, and livelihood of the offender.

An offender wishes to transfer his supervision to another state. In the process of completing the paperwork, you advise him this transfer means he waives the right to a. return to the state. b. bail. c. extradition. d. vote in the next election.

29. C. Transferring supervision to another state means the offender waives his or her possibility of extradition if there is ever a reason the offender needs to appear before a judge or paroling authority in the state in which the original crime was committed. This procedure is outlined in the Interstate Compact, which the offender is required to read and sign. Choice a is not an option that the officer can

3. You have decided to impose the special condi- tion, "You will not have any contact with small children in your home, at work, or any other location in which you frequent," upon a partic- ular sex offender on your caseload. He argues it is unconstitutional and tells you he is going to sue. What grounds do you have to impose this condition? a. Simply by being the parole officer, you can impose whatever special condition you want for whatever reason. b. The Fourth Amendment provides you with this authority, which has been upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. c. Parole is discretionary, and conditions may be imposed or modified as long as they are rea- sonable and related to circumstances of the offense and criminal history of the parolee. d. You cannot impose this condition.

3. Answer C. Maintaining the safety and security of the community is the main function of commu- nity supervision. Choices b, c, and d are all important tasks of a parole officer and are byproducts of choice a. If a parole officer accomplishes these tasks well, then the safety and security of the community is likely. Choice a may be correct, but it is not an appropriate way to handle this type of situa- tion. Choice c is incorrect because being on parole is not a legal discrimination category. Choice d is also not an appropriate statement for a parole officer to make. Parole is a discretionary action and not a right of parolees. Conditions can be modified or added at any time by a parole officer, as long as the condition is reasonable and fits the offender, his or her history, etc. Choice b is incorrect because the Fourth Amendment deals with search and seizure and does not apply in this case. Choice a is incorrect because there must be a rational reason to add to a parolee's supervision conditions. Choice d is simply not true.

30. It is the middle of the month, and you are behind in your paperwork for your caseload. You have accomplished all of the field visits that are required for the month, but you have yet to update the case files on your computer, nor have you completed the mandatory classifi- cation tool that is required of all new super- visees. You have received six new offenders on your caseload so far this month. Which of the following should you do? a. You should not worry because you have a few working days left in the month to catch up and hopefully you won't have to deal with any offender who has violated his or her conditions. b. You should not worry because you know another officer who is three months behind on her casework and nobody has said any- thing to her yet. c. You should plan to work quickly over the next few days to catch up, accepting that you will have to provide only minimal documen- tation of your field visits and collateral contacts. d. You should explain to your supervisor that you are behind in completing your paper- work, and indicate that you plan to do your classification tool first and then will start your documentation with the most severe offenders.

30 d. It is imperative your supervisor know that you are behind and, more important, that you have a plan of action to get caught up. An officer must be current on all classification tools, and to know and be able to explain to others what types of risks the offender might cause the community. Documentation of the most severe cases would be the next priority, then the less severe cases, and finally the least severe cases. An officer's job is to supervise offenders; however, documentation of that supervision is equally important. Choice c is incorrect because this action only hides the problem. If you provide substandard docu- mentation, your supervisor will have a more difficult time supporting you if one of your offenders commits extreme violations of his supervision. Choices a and b are also incor- rect because procrastinating or being uncon- scientious is not a professional or healthy attitude to have when you are charged with protection of the community.

31. Gerald is serving a ten-year sentence for the sexual assault of a minor. He has served six years and two months of his sentence. He will be released in three months as part of a plan to reduce overcrowding that the department of corrections has developed. Gerald will serve the remainder of his ten-year sentence under community supervision, on parole. Gerald's previous criminal history includes one other sex offense, after which he completed a sex treatment program and was placed on probation, which was revoked because of the current sexual assault charge. All of his victims have been children of family members, who are strongly opposed to his being released. Gerald participated in the sexual offender treatment program while in prison, and the treatment counselor indicated that Gerald has worked hard to learn the triggers he needs to avoid. However, the counselor indicated that Gerald's prog- nosis is guarded. Gerald has been a model prisoner, earned minimum custody status, and worked in the prison industries. He has indicated that he wishes to be paroled to a halfway house 20 minutes from his fam- ily, in a small community where he doesn't know any- one. Family members wish to have a special condition placed upon Gerald to make sure he doesn't have con- tact with them. For parole planning purposes, Gerald has been accepted into a halfway house program that will provide his only support system. He does not have any job prospects and doesn't have many marketable skills. He plans to attend the aftercare program for sex- ual offenders. 31. Prior to Gerald being released from prison, you receive several phone calls from the family and friends of the victims indicating that Gerald should not be released into the community. You gently remind them that he is not planning to live in their community and they should not be too concerned about Gerald coming back to their community. They have indicated they will try to block Gerald's release through protests and media blitzes. You should a. remain professional with the family and friends, listen to their concerns, and offer suggestions on where they can protest. b. remain professional with family and friends and offer to place a special condition on Ger- ald that he cannot travel outside the commu- nity to which he wishes to be paroled. c. call the prison where Gerald is being held alerting them to the latest threat of protest. d. do nothing; because Gerald is still incarcer- ated, this is still a facility and paroling authority issue.

31. B. Parole officers should always remain profes- sional and courteous to citizens and offer to provide assistance in a reasonable fashion. Placing a special condition on travel is cer- tainly within the parole officer's responsibil- ity and scope of authority. Choice c is an action the parole officer should consider after dealing with the family, but it should not be the first step. This action would also depend upon what was said by the family and friends and upon the seriousness of the offender's charges. Choice a is not a responsible action for an officer of a state agency. Although choice d may be factually correct, not taking any action is unacceptable.

32. Gerald has arrived at the halfway house safely and has been working within the orientation process for the last two weeks. In your first meeting with Gerald, he indicates he is pleased with being at the halfway house and is com- fortable with the other residents. As you are talking, you notice Gerald is unable to main- tain eye contact with you, shifts in his chair, and talks quieter when other residents come around. You should a. do nothing, because this a normal reaction for someone who has just been released from prison, especially considering the amount of time he has spent inside. b. point out his behavior and demand Gerald tell you why he is so nervous. c. ask the halfway house staff if they have observed the same behavior you saw during your conversation with Gerald, or if they have knowledge of any problems between Gerald and other residents. d. point out his behavior, and tell him you think he might have re-offended based on his nervousness.

32. c. After arriving at a halfway house, all offend- ers should be allowed a short adjustment period. Choices b and d do not allow this adjustment period at all. In fact, either of these could damage any comfort level you may have achieved with the offender. Although choice a allows for this adjustment period, a parole officer should not forget this is an offender, and the officer should take additional steps to ascertain how worrisome Gerald's behavior is. The correct and respon- sible response to this situation is choice c. It is imperative for a parole officer to obtain and utilize information and insight from the halfway house staff before deciding upon his or her next course of action with the offender. Likewise, relaying your observations of Gerald's behavior may help the halfway house staff better understand Gerald and his interactions with other residents.

33. The parole supervisor notifies you that the local newspaper has called to indicate they received a notice of a rally protesting sex offenders. The newspaper's reporter indicates they have heard a rumor that protestors will be marching in front of the halfway house where Gerald is staying. You are told the protestor signs would identify Gerald and another sex offender by name and demand that they be cas- trated, among other derogatory statements. The parole supervisor asked you to take care of this. You should a. contact the halfway house manager, alert him or her to the protest plans, and ask him or her to call if you need to do something for Gerald. b. contact the halfway house manager, alert him or her to the protest plans, and ask for Gerald's itinerary for the following day. If nothing is planned, you should make arrangements for Gerald to spend the day elsewhere. c. do nothing, as it is not your responsibility to manage the halfway house. d. contact the police department and ask for additional coverage at the halfway house

33. b. It is important for a parole officer to be a referral and resource agent and to ensure the safety of the offender as much as possible. In this case, it would be important for the halfway house manager to have the informa- tion and allow him or her to check it out and then plan accordingly. It is also important to remove the offender, if possible, from such stress. Choice a is not a responsible choice because it eliminates action on your part. Choice d is not within your authority as you are not the manager of the halfway house, nor do you control staffing at the police depart- ment. Choice c would be an irresponsible action for a parole officer.

34. The halfway house manager calls to inform you he has been concerned about Gerald's behavior and he thinks Gerald has re-offended. You learn from the manager that Gerald has been caught viewing children's videos on the house television and has visited inappropriate web- sites on the house computer. Gerald also "dis- appeared" for several hours yesterday, and the halfway house staff cannot find out from Ger- ald or the other residents where he was. You aren't scheduled to see Gerald for another two weeks. The first step you should take is a. to pay Gerald a surprise visit and ask him for an explanation of the manager's concerns. b. to bring Gerald to the parole office and administer a polygraph test. c. to have Gerald taken into detention immedi- ately, because waiting for a sex offender to re-offend is political suicide. d. to tell the manager you just visited with Ger- ald and ask if Gerald is still participating in his sex offender treatment program.

34. a. It is essential that you show support of the halfway house staff and recognize their obser- vations of behavior as valid and worth pursu- ing. If you handle the situation correctly, Ger- ald will respond to your questioning and tell you about his concerns or provide some explanation. You will be able to take action based upon this discussion. Choice b would be an option if you had received multiple, successive calls within a specific time frame (i.e., a week or a month). A parole officer would need to take more decisive action after the initial conversations with the offender about his behavior and the need to make immediate changes. Choices c and d are actions that may not need to be taken upon the first expression of concerns by the halfway house staff. Taking an offender to detention in the early stages may cause conflict in the offi- cer/offender relationship. Telling the manager of a halfway house that you aren't concerned would certainly call for your supervisor's involvement in the situation.

35. Gerald calls you in your office and asks if you could stop by to see him this week. When you get to the halfway house, Gerald tells you that being out of prison is just too hard and he wants to be returned to custody today. He adds that he likes his prison sex offender counselor better than his halfway house counselor and that he feels more connected to the prison treatment program than his current program. Gerald tells you he is having difficulty staying away from his triggers and is afraid he will re- offend. He also informs you that he has identi- fied the location of a nearby school and what times children walk to and from the school. Under these circumstances, you should a. tell Gerald to get strong and deal with life as it comes. b. suggest to Gerald that he start exploring other options for his counseling needs. c. end the conversation with Gerald, and on your way out tell the halfway house staff of your conversation. You ask the staff to watch Gerald closer. d. tell Gerald that you are going to put him in jail for a period of time until you both can figure out a way to deal with his relapse. His admission to finding a nearby school and identifying ways to spend time or possibly re-offend with children necessitates this action.

35. D. Although jail is not a place for "shock incar- ceration," under these circumstances, it is best to place Gerald in detention in order to pro- vide protection to the community. This option certainly provides you opportunities to gain additional resources for Gerald should you chose to let him remain in the community. Choices a, b, and c would be irresponsible. Not considering Gerald's words, choice a, would be inconsiderate and rude. Choices b and c do not provide safety to the community, nor does choice c provide suitable action on your part.

36. The halfway house calls you to inform you that Gerald is missing. Gerald had left for a job inter- view that morning, to be followed by his sex offender treatment session at 1:00 p.m. The coun- selor had called the halfway house at 2:30 p.m. to ask where Gerald was. When he realized that Ger- ald's whereabouts were unknown, the halfway house manager called the police to report him missing. What should you do in this situation? a. You should issue a parole violation warrant immediately, so that if the police depart- ment finds Gerald, there is reason to hold him in jail. b. You should drive the path you think Gerald might have taken, paying special attention to the schools in and around the treatment program and the halfway house. c. You should do nothing as the halfway house had already contacted the police department. d. You should call the victims and let them know that Gerald's whereabouts are unknown

36. A. Even though there may not be an issue, the police department will need to have some- thing from you to hold him in jail until Ger- ald's whereabouts can be ascertained. For these types of offenses, it is better to be safe. Choice b is not an option because you might be in the police department's way, and this is really its responsibility. Choice d is legally unsound; at this point, the victims do not need to know that the offender is missing. Choice c is also legally unsound because you are the party responsible for supervision, according to the state.

37. Jane is a 32-year-old single mother of two boys, ages five and three. She is currently without family support, holds a minimum-wage job, has some college credits, and has indicated to you she is barely making her bills. Jane has been under supervision for one year for a three-year probation sentence for trafficking drugs. Her sentence is a fairly light because the judge consid- ered the circumstances surrounding her arrest: Her then-boyfriend had been being picked up by the local drug detectives who found him "clean"; however, Jane was carrying a small amount of cocaine in her cloth- ing. Still, Jane is considered a mule for one of the local gangs, and is seen with different male gang members at different times throughout the week. Last week, Jane was arrested at the local airport during a sting operation by the local police depart-ment. The police were looking for a drug lord who was rumored to be using the local airport to get in and out of the nearby large metropolitan area. Local detectives, as well as DEA agents, had staked out the airport wait- ing for their suspect, and Jane happened to be identi- fied by one of the detectives as a local drug mule. Jane was detained to see if she knew anything of the drug lord and to see just what she was doing at the airport. Jane had been carrying a suitcase. Once she gave per- mission to open the suitcase, the detectives found it loaded with cocaine with an estimated street value of $50,000. Jane was arrested and booked at the local jail. One of the local drug detectives remembers your con- nection with Jane and calls you to give you the details of Jane's arrest and her current location. You go to the local jail where Jane tells you she didn't know what was in the suitcase she was picking up. She begs you not to recommend revocation to the judge. She also indicates her children are with her neighbor. 37. Jane's neighbor calls and leaves a message for you at your office about Jane's two children. The message says, "These kids aren't mine, and if you don't come get them, I'm going to set them outside and leave them there all night." How should you handle this situation? a. You should call the state child welfare office and report the neighbor for potential neglect. b. You should check the case file to see if Jane listed a close relative who might take the children. If not, then the child welfare agency should be called, and after explaining the situation regarding Jane, ask the child welfare agents to go to the neighbor's house to get the children. c. You should ignore the message, as taking care of offender's children is not your concern. d. You should notify the jail that Jane needs to make arrangements for her children.

37. b. There are times when a parole officer's responsibility encompasses those people around the offender. In this case, that respon- sibility involves two minor children. It will help Jane to know her children are at least safe in foster care or wherever the welfare agency can place them. Choice a will not really help the children; eventually, the police department would take custody of the chil- dren and turn them over to the child welfare agency. Choice d is not a viable option because it would be difficult for Jane to make the necessary contacts and arrangements for her children from a locked facility that allows her limited phone privileges. Choice c is incorrect and not the action of a responsible and professional parole officer.

38. Jane has now spent two full days in jail. From the police report and through conversations with the detectives, you have learned that Jane continues to deny any knowledge that she knew the contents of the suitcase, nor does she know who asked her to pick up the suitcase. You will need to make a decision regarding Jane's pro- bation status by tomorrow. What should you consider when making your decision? a. Jane's ability to follow the conditions estab- lished by the court b. Jane's children c. any other violations that have occurred dur- ing this year d. Jane's current employment

38. a. Although it is important to keep in mind that Jane is the mother of two small children (choice b), this should not be your first and primary concern. Jane's progress and willing- ness to follow the rules and conditions estab- lished by the court should be the major focus of your decision. Because Jane may be charged with another felony charge (because of the amount of drugs in the suitcase), choice a is correct. Jane obviously has not followed the condition of probation that she avoid associa- tion with others who may be involved with illegal activities. Whether she knew or did not know what was in the suitcase is not relevant. Jane's association with known gang members is enough to put her in front of the judge for violating her probation. Choice c is important only when creating your recommendations for the judge. Choice d is not really relevant to keeping Jane on probation, unless you are not recommending revocation

39. The judge has indicated that he is willing to make an exception to the sentencing guidelines and keep Jane on probation for the additional crime. However, he wishes to learn from you what type of expectations you would want Jane to fulfill in this new probation term, if granted. What type of programs would you recommend? a. dependency counseling, employment education/counseling, college classes b. parenting classes, college classes, employ- ment education/counseling c. substance abuse counseling, employment education/counseling, parenting classes d. You wouldn't recommend any programs, but would strongly suggest that she move closer to her family.

39. a. Jane is obviously struggling with several issues, but generally speaking, she has the basic components to be successful. A better job may offer her more opportunities, as well as allow her to make a living rather than just get by, giving her a chance to boost her feel- ings of self-worth and self-esteem. College would give Jane the opportunity to meet dif- ferent people and a means to lose contact with the gangs. The dependency counseling would provide her the support and courage to break away from the gangs and would help her understand why she gravitates toward gangs in the first place. Choice b is incorrect because the case study did not allude to Jane having poor parenting skills. One cannot assume she is a bad mother because of her associations or actions outside the home. Choice c also assumes that Jane has a sub- stance abuse problem, when the case study doesn't confirm that. An offender can be involved with substance abusers, as in this case, without actively abusing the substance. Choice d may not be possible for Jane for many reasons; this suggestion may be part of a conversation an officer would have with Jane, but should not be a formal recommendation.

4. You decide to start revocation proceedings on a parolee on your caseload. The due process rights afforded to the parolee at this time do NOT include a. a notice of the violations and time of hearing. b. the opportunity to be heard at a hearing and a chance to cross-examine witnesses. c. the right to counsel. d. a written statement by the fact finders of the final decision.

4. Answer C. Under Morrissey v. Brewer, several due process rights are afforded to parolees who are facing revocation. In addition to at least one revocation hearing, choices a, b, and d must also be afforded to the parolee. Morris- sey did not provide the right to have legal counsel at any of the revocation proceedings, although it is left to the state's discretion to determine the need for counsel. revocation proceedings- begins when a probation officer or other person supervising the sentence, a prosecutor, or a court official develops reason to believe that an individual is not complying with the conditions of the sentence.

40. Jane comes to your office and indicates that she knows who the drug lord is and where he is staying. She states she wants to make a deal with the DEA agents, but only if it will help her with her probation. Jane says that she wants to be able to leave with her children and move to her mother's home in another state. After you ask a few questions to ensure she does indeed know the drug lord's name, you a. contact the DEA office and tell them about Jane's offer and her conditions. b. contact the local drug detectives as you work closer with them. c. tell Jane that you don't negotiate probation conditions and no deals will be made. However, now that she has told you she knows the name of the drug lord, she is bound by law to tell you. d. tell Jane that she must tell you the name and that you will contact the DEA on her behalf. You will ensure that they will give her the conditions she has asked for.

40. B. The correct answer is determined by the working relationship you have with your local police department. Choice b, in which the local detectives will work with you and the judge so that all parties have what is needed, is the best answer. However, if your working relationship with the police is not a good one, then choice a would be your sec- ond choice. Contacting a federal agency may not work in most situations; however, because the DEA was named in the case study as active members of the operation, they would likely be supportive of a call from a local probation officer. Choice c is incorrect because negotiations with offenders on com- pliance with the conditions happen all of the time. It is important to note she is not bound by any laws to provide the name. You are, however, required to report whatever infor- mation you may have received to the appro- priate authorities. Choice d is incorrect because it puts you in the middle of a situa- tion that is not yours to facilitate. Your role is to contact people to have them talk with Jane, not be her mouthpiece.

41. Jane testifies in the drug lord's trial. During the trial, there are hints of retaliation against Jane by several of the gang members who are con- victed of other charges. You take the hints and rumors seriously; however, Jane indicates she is not afraid. A detective with the local police department has just called to tell you he has intercepted a message calling for Jane's death. How should you handle this situation? a. You should ask the detective to have Jane placed in protective custody and to see if they will move her to a safe location. b. You should ask your supervisor if there is any need to be concerned and if the proba- tion department has funds to help Jane out. c. You should goto Jane's house, collect her and her children, and take them to a local hotel. d. You should call Jane and tell her on the phone what the detectives have learned, and ask her to call the detectives to find out what she needs to do.

41. a. It is unfortunate that most probation depart- ments are not equipped for situations like this; however, this situation calls strictly for the police department's involvement. It is important to remember who has law enforce- ment capabilities and whose responsibility it is to protect citizens. Choice c is not a respon- sible action for a parole officer. Choice d would be legally irresponsible and may cause Jane to flee, causing greater issues for her.

42. An intern, Jonathan, has been assigned to your parole office. The parole supervisor has asked that Jonathan spend the day with you as you have a high-risk offender caseload. Your plan is to spend the morning making collateral visits and then making home visits to three offenders. You ask Jonathan to report to your office at 8:00 a.m. so you can describe the day's activ- ities and answer any questions he may have. Jonathan asks a few questions, and after what seems to be for- ever, he indicates he doesn't have any more questions. You tell him that, because your caseload is made up of high-risk offenders, you will be going into the homes of offenders who have been convicted of multiple charges, including murder. You intimate that he will need to be on guard to remain safe during these visits, and you ask Jonathan if he has any concerns about this. He asked if you will be carrying weapons, to which you reply no. You indicate that he can watch you do a col- lateral visit or two, and then he can spend some time interviewing folks in additional contacts if he wants. He seems excited by this prospect. You were not excited when your supervisor asked for Jonathan to spend the day with you. Your cowork- ers have not been pleased with Jonathan's attitude when he sits with them during office visits, feeling that he is cocky and rude. Prior to leaving for the day with Jonathan, you again explain that the caseload is full of high-risk offenders and that good communication is essential to your job. You feel that Jonathan under- stands the activities of the day and that it is essential you both work hard to be safe. Jonathan gives you a sigh and says, "I got it. It's dangerous. Let's go." You anticipate a full day. 42. During your first collateral visit, you ask one of your offender's employers if there are any prob- lems you should know about. You learn the offender has had attendance problems this week, and the employer thinks the offender came into work drunk one morning. You ask what the employer found to make him think that, and you are told that the employee smelled of alcohol and had bloodshot eyes. However, the offender wasn't slurring his words, weaving when he was walking, nor falling asleep at work. The employer indicated, "I'd hate to lose him because when he is here, he works hard." During the interview, you hap- pen to notice Jonathan roaming around the warehouse talking with the workers. On more than one occasion, you notice the workers walk away from Jonathan shaking their heads in a "no" fashion. After you finish you conversation with the employer, you call to Jonathan to meet you in the car. How should you handle Jonathan? a. You should not say anything to Jonathan as he probably was just asking questions about the offender, which is part of the job. b. You should indicate to Jonathan what you observed and ask him what he was talking about with the employees. You should them provide appropriate feedback to Jonathan, depending upon what his answer to your question is. c. You should indicate to Jonathan that this is a learning process and he should stay with you during the first several contacts to learn what type of questions to ask and what type of discussions are appropriate. d. You should high-five him and applaud his innovation and initiative.

42. c. You might need to remind Jonathan that he is to observe and learn, not walk off on his own. You again need to remind him of the dangers of this type of work and solicit a promise that he will stay with you in future collateral visits. Choice c is the best response to this situation, although choice b would be an acceptable alternative. It is imperative that interns, vol- unteers, etc., understand that they must learn how to communicate when working with and around offenders. Additionally, it is impor- tant for you to convey what you observed to help Jonathan learn what type of behavior you need to watch for and how you should react. Above all, it is important to remind Jonathan about safety issues and concerns and the need to watch out for each other.

43. Jonathan does a great job in staying with you during the remainder of the collateral visits, and over lunch you thank him for following your instructions. He indicates he has learned quite a bit about how to approach people. He requests that you do a surprise collateral visit and allow him to do the interview. You choose to stop at an offender's mother's home. This particular offender has caused you extreme dif- ficulties in months past, but you feel you have made a breakthrough with this offender, and recently he has been talking freely with you. At the door, you introduce the mother to Jonathan and ask her if she has a few minutes to talk with you both. She agrees and allows you to enter in her home. Shortly after begin- ning the interview, Jonathan becomes rude in his statements, curses in front of the mother, and generally becomes out of control with his language and accusations. After you interrupt Jonathan and to tell him to stop, you should a. ask for a few minutes, step outside to the front porch, and quickly tell him that his attitude and language are unacceptable and that that behavior will stop immediately. Then you should make him go back into the mother's home and apologize to her. b. send him to the car so that you can spend time repairing the damage Jonathan has done with the mother. c. tell him, in front of the mother, that his atti- tude and language are unacceptable and that that behavior will stop. Then you should tell him to apologize to the mother. d. leave the home, hoping the mother will real- ize that Jonathan is just learning and didn't mean to be rude.

43. a. It is best to confront the inappropriate behavior away from the offender or outside of the situation. Taking Jonathan outside on the front porch and away from the mother saves the mother from witnessing a dressing- down and allows Jonathan to maintain some dignity in the situation. It is important to explain to interns and volunteers why their behavior or action was wrong and how it can be corrected. It is also important in this situ- ation to model appropriate behavior, which is why you should apologize to the mother for allowing this situation to get out of hand. Choice b does not provide Jonathan with a learning experience; rather, this action may cause additional anger for all parties involved. Choice c does not model appropri- ate methods of resolving difficult situations. Also, dressing down Jonathan in front of the mother will only embarrass him. Choice d is simply not an option, considering the hard work you have accomplished with the offender, who will probably get a call from his mother the minute you leave. Addition- ally, this choice is not appropriate action by a professional.

44. At the second home visit of your afternoon, you inform Jonathan that the offender who lives in this home is a convicted murderer. As you pull up to the front of the house, you notice several cars parked in the driveway that you haven't seen before. You ask Jonathan to write down the license plate numbers of the cars while you review your notes from previous visits. You again remind Jonathan of staying with you so that both of you can remain safe and observant. As you are walking up to the front steps, the door opens and your offender comes out. He is obviously angry as his fists are clenched, his jaw is set, and his eyes are squinted. Jonathan takes one look at the offender, turns about face, and runs to the car. You hear the car doors lock. You ask the offender what is wrong. After calming down, he tells you that he has just had an argument with his girlfriend in their kitchen, and he just hap- pened to come out to the front porch to get away from her and get some air as you were walking up the steps. What should you do? a. You should make sure the offender is okay, and then leave as you have had your visit. b. You should make sure the offender is okay, and then tell him you think he made the right choice to come to the front porch for air. You should tell him when he is ready you would like to go back into the house as you still need to conduct your home visit. You should ask him if there is anything you can do to help resolve the issues with the girl- friend or if he needs other resources. c. You should suggest to your offender that he should stand up to his girlfriend during arguments instead of running away to the front porch for air. d. You should explore with the offender the possibility of spending the night away from the girlfriend to avoid an escalated domestic situation.

44. B. Your first responsibility is to ensure the offender's well-being. Once it is determined that the offender wasn't angry with you or your presence at his home, an officer must not dismiss the expressed concerns, but should spend appropriate time discussing them with the offender. However, it is impor- tant to remember the reason for the visit, thus getting into the home to ensure every- thing is appropriate and legal. Choice d is really the offender's decision and may cause conflict between you and the offender. Choice a is not appropriate action until you ensure the offender is safe and your responsibility has been completed. Choice c is unsound advice from an officer.

45. Once you take care of the home visit, you return to the car where Jonathan is still sitting. You ask him to unlock the doors, and when you get in the car, he starts making excuses for not staying with you on the front porch. How should you handle Jonathan's actions? a. You should make sure that Jonathan is okay and that he understands the situation was scary. You should continue to talk through the events so Jonathan can learn from the situation. b. You should laugh at his excuses and then continue to make fun of his reaction for the rest of the day. c. You should remind Jonathan that being scared is not an option and that his behavior embarrassed you. You should admonish him from doing this again. d. You should end your day, letting Jonathan know that similar situations have happened to you and that you "just get used" to offenders and their behavior.

45. A. One of the goals of the parole officer is to be a positive role model for offenders, volun- teers, and interns. Therefore, it is important to address Jonathan's concerns and issues (choice a) and not make him feel as if you are dismissing them (choice c). Making fun of Jonathan is also not a good tactic (choice b) because it does not teach Jonathan how to work with others in a compassionate way, a skill he will need if he becomes a staff mem- ber of the correctional system. Choice c would only add to Jonathan's embarrassment and would not reflect positively on you as a teacher or role model. Choice d could be an option, depending on how Jonathan upset is. It is wise to make alterations in your schedule so that the day can end successfully. This may mean that you end the day and return to the office or that you attempt to conduct one more home visit, whichever will help the experience be positive.

46. After you return to the office at the end of the day, Jonathan thanks you for the time you spent with him and leaves the parole office. The next day, you are called into your supervisor's office and told that Jonathan has filed a report that you were rude to an offender's mother, you stated inappropriate things to an offender on the front porch of the offender's home, and you spent the whole day speaking to Jonathan in a demeaning tone. He has asked that he never be sent with you again. How do you handle this situation? a. You laugh the whole thing off, telling your supervisor that the kid is immature and doesn't know what he is saying. b. You provide your supervisor with explicit details about the whole day and indicate that your documentation will prove who is telling the truth. c. You tell your supervisor what happened dur- ing the day with Jonathan, leave the office, and call Jonathan's college adviser to advise him or her what Jonathan reported, and demand a meeting with Jonathan. d. You get angry with the supervisor for believ- ing a student's word over yours and storm out of the office after you tell the supervisor, "I don't have to put up with this."

46. b. It is best to provide explicit details about your day and provide your initial notes to your supervisor when you are questioned regard- ing any actions you may have done. Docu- mentation is extremely important in a probation or parole officer's job, and some- times it is your only protection against accu- sations. Also, conversations in a professional manner will take you farther in the end. Choice a may be the natural reaction, but you should always take complaints seriously because your supervisor always will. Choice c is again a natural reaction; however, calling the college adviser is your supervisor's responsibility, and it is more than likely he or she has already done this. Your contact with the adviser may only cause more conflict. Choice d is not a rational choice and will only make you look unprofessional.

47. Jordan is a 16-year-old who has been adjudicated a delinquent and given three years probation on drug charges. You have been her probation officer for six months. Jordan has had a comfortable life, as she lives with her father and stepmother, both of whom work in professional jobs. They regularly give her gifts (car, clothes, etc.) when she makes good grades; they feel this is a safe way to reward her. Jordan is popular at school, but has gotten involved with a group of older boys who are actively involved in alcohol and drugs. Her parents can't understand why Jordan can't separate from the boys and try to discipline her, which only makes things worse at home. In the courtroom, the parents strongly supported Jordan, even defending her choices of friends and activ- ities. The judge, at one point, asked Jordan's parents if they felt Jordan was at fault. They both denied that she actively sought out the drugs; rather they felt she was simply following the boys' lead. As part of the disposi- tion orders, the judge directed the parents to participate in substance abuse counseling with Jordan. The judge explained that the counseling would provide education about the addiction, and may provide insight to the parents as to Jordan's triggers. The parents were furious and said they would not participate. Since the finding of delinquency, Jordan has withdrawn from all of her friends, except one particu- lar boy. She has stopped talking to her parents, her grades have started to fall, and her parents' denial that Jordan has a problem has gotten more vehement. Jor- dan has completed her probationary requirements so far, with the exception of substance abuse counseling because her parents refuse to meet with the counselor 47. During your meeting with Jordan, you finally get her to talk about her home life. She indi- cates that everything at home is fine, although it is tense because of the judge's condition that her parents participate in counseling with her. Jordan feels that counseling would probably do her some good, but is depressed because she doesn't think she can get her parents to go. She asks you if there is something you can do to help. In this situation, you can a. talk to the parents to try to convince them that they need to participate with Jordan and to remind them of the benefits that Jordan will experience from the joint counseling. b. approach the judge to get the condition modified so the parents don't have to go to counseling so Jordan can start going herself immediately. c. schedule Jordan to meet with the substance abuse counselor as soon as possible. When setting up this meeting, you inform the counselor of the judge's directive and the expectation that, at some point, the parents will join her. You also inform the parents of the upcoming counseling for Jordan and again stress the importance of joining her when the counselor asks them to. d. tell Jordan that you understand she wants to start counseling and that she has to convince her parents to join her before you will sched- ule a meeting for her.

47. c. When a probationer asks for counseling because she says she feels it will help her, counseling should start as soon as possible. The probationer is reaching out, and to ignore this opportunity to help her would be unwise. The officer should also contact the parents to inform them of this action and to reaffirm the judge's expectation that they par- ticipate. Choice a is not a viable choice because the parents understand they need to participate and probably understand the ben- efits that their daughter will receive, yet they continue to refuse. Choice b isn't an option until all other possibilities have been explored. Choice d is incorrect because this is a 16-year-old girl who is already having con- cerns and issues with her parents; placing this responsibility on her would be counterpro- ductive to her willingness to start counseling.

48. Jordan has started wearing black clothes and pale makeup that represent the Goth look. She has dyed her hair black, is wearing black nail polish and lipstick, and now has several new piercings in her eyebrows, ears, and tongue. However, she seems happier, easier to talk with, and states she feels good about her life. When asked about the change in her clothing and style, Jordan indicates she is doing this because it makes her parents mad. You talk about her possibly needing a hobby or pastime in life, and she agrees to try to find one. She has not missed school, and her grades seem to be improving. Her substance abuse counselor has indicated that Jordan has made good progress and seems to have a handle on the triggers she needs to avoid. Urine Analysis Tests (UAs) have been pulled on Jordan and indicate that she has been clean from drugs for five months. How- ever, you receive a call from Jordan's father after Jordan's last visit, telling you that he is not pleased with how Jordan has changed since being on your caseload. He is unhappy with the "blackness" she has started to wear and demands that you tell Jordan it is not accept- able. When asked if he feels Jordan is doing better despite her new apparel, Jordan's father stated, "Yes, but not because of your supervi- sion." He ends the call by saying, "I'm going to get her removed from your caseload." You do not have an opportunity to comment on your visit with Jordan before he hangs up. What should you do in this situation? a. You should do nothing. You deal with par- ents and their emotions all of the time, and just figure Jordan's father is upset at some- thing else and taking it out on you. b. You should document the phone call, as well as ensure that you have current documenta- tion on Jordan's progress and her visits. Then you should wait to see if the father makes good on his word. c. You should document the phone call, as well as ensure that you have current documenta- tion on Jordan's progress and her visits. Then you should take the case file to your supervisor and convince her to keep Jordan assigned to you, as good progress is being made with Jordan and a change in supervi- sion may set her back. d. You should tell the judge the parents are interfering with your probationer and her supervision, and recommend a meeting with the judge and the parents

48. C. Again, documentation is the mainstay of any officer's work. Ensuring your documentation of your offender's progress is current and complete will help solidify any argument you may need to make. Talking with your super- visor to gain his or her understanding and support, as well as forewarning him or her of potential calls from the parents, will also help strengthen your case. However, removing Jor- dan from your caseload is up to your supervi- sor and the judge. Choice b indicates you are willing to wait to see if the father will call; although this tactic may have to be an option if your supervisor is out of the office, it is always good to prepare your supervisor for citizen calls, especially if they are expected to be negative. Choice a is incorrect because not reacting could put you and your offender both in a difficult situation later. Choice d is not an option until all other opportunities have been exhausted. The judge does not wish to be bothered with administrative issues unless it is the last resort.

49. During a recent office visit, you tell Jordan she needs to provide a urinalysis test. She hesitates and then indicates she has abused her prescrip- tion drugs. When you press for more details, Jordan tells you she is concerned about school, what college she will go to, and her father's temper, and she's worried that she may be preg- nant. Jordan indicates that all the pressure got her depressed, and so she took more of her pre- scription than she should have during the last couple of weeks. This is the first violation Jor- dan has presented to you. You should a. tell Jordan you are going to recommend revo- cation to the judge, and send her on her way. b. tell Jordan you are concerned that she may have tried to harm herself, and you want her to get a psych evaluation at the local hospital. c. tell Jordan you are going to call her parents and tell them they have to go to substance abuse counseling with her this week, or you are going to recommend revocation to the judge. d. tell Jordan you understand life has pressures; however, she is not able to escape by abusing her prescription drugs. You should indicate that she would benefit from counseling, and let her know she needs to call her substance abuse counselor from your office to schedule an appointment for today or tomorrow. You should also let her know it is not acceptable to abuse drugs, and make her aware of the consequences you will impose.

49. D. It is important that an officer not dismiss the probationer's struggles; however, setting limits and clear expectations are also part of the responsibility of a probation officer. Allowing Jordan to establish assistance for her struggles will build rapport between you, which will prove beneficial in the future. Choice c will do the exact opposite for Jordan. You may need to involve her parents, but forcing the joint coun- seling issue in addition to telling them that Jordan relapsed will only cause more conflict. Choice b may be a concern of yours, but you should remember that you are not an expert in psychiatry and, therefore, cannot diagnose this. You may need to watch Jordan's behavior and pass on these observations to the sub- stance abuse counselor, so others can be con- tacted through appropriate channels. Choice a is usually not the best reaction on a first viola- tion. Probation officers would fill the jails if they recommended revocation for every viola- tion. It is an expected that offenders will be guided through relapses to learn how to be successful in the end.

5. A parolee, who is in jail waiting to be trans- ported back to prison, tells you his Eighth Amendment rights are being violated. What allegation would he be making? a. The jail is overcrowded. b. There is a lack of adequate medical care and treatment. c. The jail is overcrowded, and there is a lack of adequate medical care and treatment. d. none of the above

5. Answer C. The Eighth Amendment deals with issues of cruel and unusual punishment that have been addressed in the various courts through cases dealing with conditions of confinement. 8th Amendment- Prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments, including torture.

7. You are conducting a home visit of one of your parolees. This parolee has been released from jail for only two months and is currently living with his mother. You walk into the home through the front door and hear a disturbance in the kitchen. The parolee immediately apolo- gizes for the "noise" that his mom and her cur- rent boyfriend are making. You start conducting your conversation with the parolee when you hear a slap, and then the male voice loudly says, "I'm going to kill you for that." Your parolee is very upset and starts to go toward the kitchen. You should a. ignore what is happening in the kitchen and continue talking with the parolee. b. follow the parolee into the kitchen and demand to know what is going on. c. take your parolee out to the front porch to continue the conversation and explore what options the parolee has of moving out of this type of situation. d. put your hands on the parolee to stop him from entering the kitchen.

7. Answer D. Although it is imperative that you not to per- mit such abusive activity, your first concern is the parolee. It is important to help the parolee focus on moving forward with his supervision, and although this situation is not a positive one for the parolee, he is not able to control how the mother and friends interact. It would be vital to continue to sup- port the parolee so that efforts could be made to remove his from this situation. Choice a may be what you wish to do, but it would be impossible if the parolee is not focused on you and your discussion. Choices b and d could make the situation worse and put more lives in jeopardy.

50. One night at about 11:00 p.m., Jordan calls you on your cell phone, saying that she is scared and asks you to come get her. She explains that she is at a party, and there are several teenage boys there who are really drunk and doing stu- pid things. She doesn't wish to get into trouble and doesn't wish to be revoked. When you ask where the party is, Jordan tells you it is at her house, and her parents are gone for the week- end. You should a. go to Jordan's house, tell everyone to leave, and then take Jordan to a youth shelter for the weekend. b. tell Jordan to ask everyone to leave. Then you should advise her to call the police department to tell them the party has gotten out of control, she has asked people to leave, and they have refused. c. tell Jordan she is on her own, that she thought she could get away with having a party at the house while her parents were gone, and now her probation is in jeopardy. d. tell Jordan to call her parents, who must insist the teenagers leave the home.

50. b. Jordan allowed the party to start in her home, so she must be the one to ask everyone to leave. Giving Jordan a second part to the plan will allow her to feel like she can maintain con- trol, because those who don't leave will have to answer to the police department. Other than the parents, the police department is really the only authority to remove unwanted people from this home. Choice a does not allow Jor- dan to stay in control, and your presence could only cause more issues for Jordan. Taking Jor- dan to a youth shelter would indicate that Jor- dan has been abused, neglected, or left without care, none of which seems to be the case. Choice c is not a wise choice and would cer- tainly result in the loss of whatever rapport you have established with Jordan and her fam- ily. Choice d would truly cause more conflict with and problems for Jordan.

6. You have been told one of your parolees has a gun hidden in her car. Can you search her car, and what provides you justification to do so? a. As the parole officer, you can do whatever is necessary to protect society. a. As the parole officer, you can do whatever is necessary to protect society. b A parolee must allow his or her car and home to be searched by the parole officer as described in the parole conditions. c. No, a search cannot be accomplished with- out a search warrant. d. No, law enforcement officers from the police department are the only ones who can do a search.

6. Answer B. As described in standard parole conditions, a parolee must allow a parole officer with rea- sonable suspicion to search his or her home and car. A parole officer does not have the right to "dig" through dresser drawers or boxes that might be in the truck of a car; however, a parole officer acting on reasonable and reliable information may do more than a plain view search. Choice a is legally irre- sponsible because a parole officer can take only actions that are reasonable. Choices c and d are simply not true for parole officers. In many states, parole officers are designated as law enforcement by state statute and, therefore, have the same powers as police officers. However, state policy or regulation may restrict parole officers from completing some law enforcement actions.

8. Parole officers perform administrative and dis- cretionary duties. While they are performing those duties without maliciousness, parole offi- cers are given what type of immunity? a. quasi-judicial b. qualified c. absolute d. conditional

8. Answer A. In King v. Simpson (1999), the court ruled that the parole officer has absolute immunity when acting in a quasi-judicial or prosecutor- ial function, such as when he or she is initiat- ing parole revocation proceedings. However, choice b is incorrect because the parole offi- cer does more discretionary and administra- tive functions. The courts have given absolute immunity (choice c) primarily to parole board members in all decisions to grant, deny, or revoke parole. Absolute immunity protects workers unless they act in ways that are intentional and malicious. Qualified immunity is when actions are found to be objectively reasonable. Choice d is not an option because conditions are not based on whether actions are with or without malice. Quasi Judicial body- is an entity such as an arbitrator or tribunal board, generally of a public administrative agency, which has powers and procedures resembling those of a court of law or judge, and which is obliged to objectively determine facts and draw conclusions from them so as to provide the basis of an official action. Such actions are able to remedy a situation or impose legal penalties, and may affect the legal rights, duties or privileges of specific parties.

9. In most states, an adult who is released from prison to supervision is placed on parole. What is this practice called in the juvenile system in most states? a. detention b. parole c. mandatory release d. aftercare

9. Answer D. Aftercare is a function of the juvenile correc- tional system whereby the officer provides surveillance and reintegration activities to help the offender get back into family and community. Although the functions are simi- lar to adult supervision, the terms are differ- ent for the juvenile system. Choice b is terminology for those adult offenders released under supervision into the commu- nity. Choice a is a term used for the juvenile equivalent to the adult jail system. Choice c is incorrect because it is only a type of release from a facility.

1. The primary function of parole is a. to ensure the safety and security of the community. b. to provide community resources and services to the offender. c. to provide basic supervision of offenders once they are released from prison. d. to assist in locating employment.

Answer A. Maintaining the safety and security of the community is the main function of commu- nity supervision. Choices b, c, and d are all important tasks of a parole officer and are byproducts of choice a. If a parole officer accomplishes these tasks well, then the safety and security of the community is likely

2. A parolee comes to see you, angry that a poten- tial employer refused to hire him because he is on parole. He wants you to do something about it. How should you respond? a. You should tell the offender it isn't your fault; he is the one with a felony conviction. b. You should express empathy for the offender and point him to another job lead. c. You should sympathize with the offender, pick up the phone, and call the business owner who denied employment, telling him that he discriminated. d. You should tell the offender that there are all kinds of people who discriminate and that he has a right to be angry.

Answer B. Choice a may be correct, but it is not an appropriate way to handle this type of situa- tion. Choice c is incorrect because being on parole is not a legal discrimination category. Choice d is also not an appropriate statement for a parole officer to make.