problem set 7

what does it mean to say that CO2 becomes "fixed" in talking about photosynthesis? - CO2 acts as an electron acceptor - CO2 acts as an electron donor - CO2 is released during cellular respiration 0- CO2 becomes bonded to an organic compound

CO2 becomes bonded to an organic compound

what major event happens during the calvin cycle? - CO2 is "fixed" - the energy in sugar is transformed immediately into ATP - energy from the sun is passed around photosystems until reaching the reaction centers of the cluster of pigments - the plant reproduces

CO2 is "fixed"

match each letter with the best description of its structure or function: - D - A - B - C

D - stroma. site of the dark reactions A - grana. stacks of light reactions membrane B - inner membrane. result of an endosymbiotic relationship C - thylakoid. site of light reactions

what is the end product of the calvin cycle? - G3P - glucose - NADPH - sunlight - all of these

G3P

what happens during the sum total of photosynthesis? - CO2 is "fixed" by glucose - green wavelengths are highly absorbed by plant leaves for us in reactions - O2 is taken in by the plant and CO2 is released - H2O is oxidized, CO2 is reduced - H2O is reduced, CO2 is oxidized

H2O is oxidized, CO2 is reduced

plants are predominantly made up of what: - air - water - soil/dirt - sunlight

air

which of the following statements is correct regarding autotrophs and heterotrophs? - heterotrophs, but not autotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic - both heterotrophs and autotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment - cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs - only heterotrophs have mitochondria

both heterotrophs and autotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment

cells in a plant root are non-photosynthetic, but they still depend on the light energy harvested during photosynthesis in leaves. in what form is the light energy transferred to the root cells? - chemical energy stored in newly synthesized sugars - chemical energy stored in newly synthesized ATP - electrons from the oxidation of water - electrons from the oxidation of CO2

chemical energy stored in newly synthesized sugars

This is the summary equation for the process of photosynthesis, which is best describe as an ________ reaction. - endergonic - exergonic - spontaneous - catabolic - light

endergonic

plants can sense which of the following environmental factors? i. gravity ii. pathogens iii. wind iv. light

i, ii, iii, iv

both cellular respiration and photosynthesis rely on electron transport chains embedded in membranes to produce ATP molecules. which of the following correctly describes the difference between the two types of electron transport chains? - in the cellular respiration, the electron source is water; in photosynthesis the electron source is CO2 - in cellular respiration, the electron source originates in energy rich food; in photosynthesis the electron source is water - in cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is CO2; in photosynthesis, the final electron acceptor is NADPH - all are major differences btwn the 2 processes

in cellular respiration, the electron source originates in energy rich food; in photosynthesis the electron source is water

as electrons pass through the system of electron carriers associated with PSII, they lose energy. what happens to this energy? - it excites electrons of the reactions center of PSI - it loses heat - it is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient for the generation of ATP - it is used for phosphorylation of NAD+ to NADPH, while NADPH accepts electrons from the PSI

it is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient for the generation of ATP

a field full of weeds will compete for which resources required for photosynthesis? - H2O, O2, nitrogen - NADP+, CO2, O2 - nitrogen, NADP+, CO2 - light, CO2, H2O

light, CO2, H2O

which processes or structures are NOT found in a photosynthetic cell? choose all that apply - lysosomes - glycolysis - citric acid cycle - oxidative phosphorylation - mitochondria - all of the options occur in a photosynthetic cell

lysosomes

at noon, what is happening in the leaf of a plant? - mostly photosynthesis - mostly respiration - neither, this is the time most plants are dormant - mostly the calvin cycle

mostly photosynthesis respiration occurs at night, while photosynthesis occurs during the day (with the sun)

at midnight, what is happening in the leaf of a plant? - mostly photosynthesis - mostly respiration - both photosynthesis and respiration - neither, this is the time most plants are dormant

mostly respiration respiration occurs at night, while photosynthesis occurs during the day (with the sun)

can the light reactions of photosynthesis continue on indefinitely without the calvin cycle? - yes, the light reactions can produce ATP and NADPH without inputs from the calvin cycle - no, the light reactions require products of the calvin cycle to produce ATP and NADPH

no, the light reactions require products of the calvin cycle to produce ATP and NADPH

in a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)? - solely in the calvin cycle - solely in the light reactions - in both the light reactions and the calvin cycle - in neither the light reactions or the calvin cycle

solely in the light reactions

the overall end product of photosynthesis in plants are oxygen and ______? don't think about the chemical equation, what ultimately happens to the CO2 in plants? - glucose - starch - water - chlorophyll - carbon dioxide

starch

which of the following statements about stomata is accurate? - stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant - stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow the roots to absorb the water and nutrients from the soil - stomata, when closed, allow CO2 to diffuse into plants - stomata are not important in algae because they do not need CO2 - stomata are the location of the dark reactions of photosynthesis

stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant

when you put aspirated spinach leaf disks in a beaker of sodium bicarbonate and place them in different colors of light, some disks float faster & more abundantly than others dependent on what color, if any, they were in. what made them able to float? - the sodium bicarbonate dissolving the chlorophyll in the leaf - the green light condition/treatment - the release of O2 from the process of respiration - the release of CO2 from the process of photosynthesis - the release of O2 from the process of photosynthesis

the release of O2 from the process of photosynthesis

during photosynthesis, O2 is released as a waste product. where does this O2 come from? - the splitting of a water molecule during the light reactions - the atmosphere (precipitation) - the splitting of a CO2 molecule during the light reactions - the oxidation of the glucose molecule - ATP being phosphorylation

the splitting of a water molecule during the light reactions

what is the original source of electrons from PSII and PSI, respectively? - water; the electron transport chain - molecular oxygen (O2); water - sunlight; indoor light - CO2; H2O

water; the electron transport chain

by matching the absorption spectrum of pigments in chloroplasts with the action spectrum of photosynthesis, it is possible to determine __________. - whether oxygen is released from water or carbon dioxide - which pigments involved in the light reactions work best - the efficiency of energy transfer - the free energy of light absorption - all off the above is true

which pigments involved in the light reactions work best

which of the following is an example of a pigment? - glucose - NADPH - vitamin D - xanthophyll carbon dioxide

xanthophyll the yellow pigment in plant leaves