procore 1-8

1st Amendment - Freedom of Speech

"That the freedom of debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament." This excerpt from the English Bill of Rights influenced what Amendment in the U.S. Bill of Rights?

workers were available for the industrial revolution

1830: About 250-300 laborhours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat with walking plow, brush harrow, hand broadcast of seed, sickle, and flail 1890: 40-50 laborhours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat with gang plow, seeder, harrow, binder, thresher, wagons, and horses What is the lasting impact of these improvements?

Racist ideologies suggested that biracial marriages were as wicked as incestuous relationships.

2725 (2549) Unlawful marriages—Persons shall not marry within the following degrees.—1. The son shall not marry his grandmother, his mother, or his stepmother; the brother his sister; the father his daughter, or his granddaughter; the son shall not marry the daughter of his father begotten of his stepmother, or his aunt, being his father's or mother's sister, nor shall the children or brother or sister, or brothers and sisters intermarry being first cousins by blood. (Laws 1922, ch. 235. In effect January 1, 1923) 2727. (2551) Unlawful marriages—Between white person and negro or Mongolian prohibited.—The marriage of a white person and a negro or mulatto or person who shall have oneeighth or more of negro blood, or with a Mongolian or a person who shall have oneeighth or more of Mongolian blood, shall be unlawful, and such marriage shall be unlawful and void; and any party thereto, on conviction, shall be punished as for marriage within the degrees prohibited by the last two sections; and any attempt to evade this and the two preceding sections by marrying out of this state and returning to it shall be within them. These two passages could be used to support which thesis statement?

Urbanization caused American homes to become smaller

After examining the floor plans, which thesis is supported by the images?

The expansion of industry and improvements in technology encouraged many agrarian families to migrate to the cities.

After examining the photos, identify the cause-andeffect relationship of the U.S. shift from rural to urban settings.

industrialization caused people to move to cities.

After examining the two photos, one thesis that could be supported by these images is

it would show that the colonists acted rationally and reasonably in resorting to force against the crown.

An important impact of Enlightenment thought on the founding fathers was the listing of grievances against the king in the Declaration of Independence. They did this so

the influence of German immigrants in the area

Cincinnati, Ohio, has a neighborhood that is nicknamed "Over the Rhine." What does this demonstrate?

Voltaire's Enlightenment Ideas

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The 1st Amendment's protection of religious rights was influenced by

People left plantations for the factories because they could not make money farming.

Cotton Production in the South 1860 5.5 million bales 1865 2 million bales 1870 3 million bales 1880 3.8 million bales The above data could be used to support which thesis?

Great Migration

Harlem, New York, became a cultural center for AfricanAmerican poets, musicians, artists in the early 20th century. This was caused by which historical event

Federalists: Individual state governments would be disastrous for our nation. AntiFederalists: One central government would be disastrous for our nation

How do the arguments of both authors differ in the passages?

History proved that the larger the country, the more tyrannical the government is.

How does the author of the AntiFederalist Papers use the history of past governments to persuade his reader?

by persuading his audience to ratify the constitution based upon Providence and the common bond of the Americans

How does the author of the Federalist Papers establish his purpose?

cities will have ethnic sections, such as "Little Italy"

In 1880, when a new wave of immigrants began to arrive in the United States, they moved to American cities, not to the countryside as immigrants had for 250 years. Immigrants took jobs in the new industries in the new cities. What impact will this have on American life?

The inability to create a stable economy

In April 1779, George Washington complained, "A wagon load of money will scarcely purchase a wagon load of provisions." This compliant shows which problem under the Articles of Confederation?

"Congress shall have the power.... To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;"

In April 1779, George Washington complained, "A wagon load of money will scarcely purchase a wagon load of provisions." Which excerpt from the Constitution solved the problem addressed by Washington in the above quote?

"We hold these Truths to be selfevident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness."

In which of the following quotes from the Declaration of Independence does Thomas Jefferson express an Enlightenment idea?

struggles to create labor unions

Industrialization caused many changes to America's economy. The competition among big businesses led to harsh labor practices such as fifteenhour days, low wages, and extremely hazardous work conditions, so companies could make a profit over the competition. What is the result of this?

fear of African Americans led to institutionalized racism

North Carolina: School textbooks shall not be interchangeable between the white and colored schools, but shall continue to be used by the race first using them. Mississippi: Any person guilty of printing, publishing or circulating matter urging or presenting arguments in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. What conclusion can be drawn from reading these two laws?

women entered the work force.

One major impact of the Industrial Revolution is

Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives

One of the problems facing the U.S. in the 1780s was the question of how to fairly represent the interests of small states and large states in the new government. Which of the following excerpts from the U.S. Constitution illustrates how the founders solved the question of representation?

federalist: appeal to emotions and ethics; antifederalist: appeal to logic and reasoning

Read both excerpts below. How does each author try to persuade the reader?

the 13th Amendment

Read the following excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance. Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. What future government document did this article influence?

Individual states were responsible for paying back their own debts from the Revolution.

Read the following excerpt from the U.S. Constitution. "All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation." This provision of the Constitution solves which of the following problems the United States experienced under the Articles of Confederation in the 1780s?

Montesquieu—Separation of Powers

Read the following section of the Constitution. SECTION 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. Which Enlightenment thinker and idea is associated with this section in the Constitution?

how large and small states would be represented in Congress

Read the following sections from the U.S. Constitution. SECTION 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. SECTION 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. SECTION 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. What problem did these sections of the Constitution solve?

It inspired the 5th Amendment—Due Process of Law.

Read this excerpt from the Magna Carta. If anyone has been dispossessed or removed by us, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him; and if a dispute arise over this, then let it be decided by the five and twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace. —from The Magna Carta, 1215 What influence did this section of the Magna Carta have on the U.S. Bill of Rights?

system of Checks and Balances

SECTION 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. Section 7 of the constitution provided what in our government?

institutionalized racism

South Carolina's Black Codes banned black people from possessing most firearms, making or selling liquor, and coming into the state without first posting a bond for "good behavior." The code made it illegal for them to sell any farm products without written permission from their white employer, supposedly to guard against stealing. Also, blacks could not practice any occupation, except farmer or servant under contract, without getting an annual license from a judge. What do these Reconstruction laws demonstrate?

John Locke

The 5th amendment protects a citizen's right to life, liberty and property. These rights were based upon which Enlightenment philosopher's writings?

the Enlightenment

The Bill of Rights lists many amendments that limit the power of government by guaranteeing certain protections to individuals (i.e., the right to private property, trial by jury, freedom of religion, and so on). What was a major influence from which the concept of individual rights originated?

provided land for colleges in the new states

The Northwest Ordinance was passed by the Confederation Congress in 1787. It did all of the following except

3rd Amendment - Prevention of housing soldiers without owner's consent

The Quartering Act of 1765 required the colonists living in America to provide food, shelter, and certain services to the British troops who were stationed there to protect the colonists from enemy attacks and rebels. The colonist's resisted this act and prompted what amendment in the Bill of Rights?

appealed to people's belief that God blessed America.

The argument posed by the author of the Federalist Papers is more persuasive because it

Chinese Exclusion Act and Gentleman's Agreement

The attitude portrayed in this poster helped lead to which of the following events?

the Articles of Confederation

The content of the Northwest Ordinance set a precedent for all of the following EXCEPT:

4th Amendment

The experiences the colonists had with the Quartering Act and the Writs of Assistance helped lay the foundation for which right found in the Bill of Rights?

allow new territories to become states on equal footing with the original 13 states.

The most significant part of the Northwest Ordinance was that it provided a way to

the Bill of Rights and the 13th Amendment

The statutes of the Northwest Ordinance were a precursor for which set of correctly paired documents?

State governments were more powerful than the national government in many matters of government.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. Which of the following problems that the United States experienced under the Articles of Confederation in the 1780s did the above provision of the U.S. Constitution solve?

Industrialization

This headline demonstrates an impact of which historical event?

the continuance of institutionalized racism

This political cartoon explains that the reason life for slaves was worse after the Civil War is because of

gender inequality.

Urbanization has created many opportunities and problems for American society since the 1870s. All of the following have been problems created or made worse by urbanization in America except

movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Urbanization has created many opportunities and problems for American society since the 1870s. Urbanization is the

"...Provided, the constitution and government so to be formed, shall be republican..."

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. An Ordinance for the government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio... Provided, however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three States shall be subject so far to be altered, that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And, whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government: Provided, the constitution and government so to be formed, shall be republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; and, so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand. Which quote from the passage, BEST supports the claim, "the Northwest Ordinance, in providing government for the Northwest Territory, established a precedent for governing the United States?

Freedom of Religion

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. Art. 1. No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments, in the said territory. Based on the passage, what right is being given to the people living in the territory?

Bill of Rights

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. Art. 1. No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments, in the said territory. Which foundational document BEST reflects the ideas expressed in this passage?

Bill of Rights

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. Art. 2. The inhabitants of the said territory shall always be entitled to the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury; ...All persons shall be bailable, unless for capital offenses, where the proof shall be evident or the presumption great. All fines shall be moderate; and no cruel or unusual punishments shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land; and, should the public exigencies make it necessary, for the common preservation, to take any person's property, or to demand his particular services, full compensation shall be made for the same. And, in the just preservation of rights and property, it is understood and declared, that no law ought ever to be made, or have force in the said territory, that shall, in any manner whatever, interfere with or affect private contracts or engagements, bona fide, and without fraud, previously formed. Which foundational document BEST reflects the ideas expressed in this passage?

13th amendment

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. Which historical document BEST reflects the ideas expressed in this passage?

President

Use the following excerpt from Northwest Ordinance written in 1787 to answer the question. Sec. 6. The governor, for the time being, shall be commander in chief of the militia, appoint and commission all officers in the same below the rank of general officers; all general officers shall be appointed and commissioned by Congress. This passage helped lay the foundation for what role in our government?

"No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, ..., keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay."

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. 2. Encroachments by the States on the federal authority. Examples of this are numerous and repetitions may be foreseen in almost every case where any favorite object of a State shall present a temptation. Among these examples are the wars and Treaties of Georgia with the Indians —The unlicensed compacts [agreements] between Virginia and Maryland, and between Pena. & N. Jersey—the troops raised and to be kept up by Massts. Part B: Madison's compliant in Part A about the Articles of the Confederation was BEST rectified by which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution?

The states have too much power to declare war or make treaties with other states.

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. 2. Encroachments by the States on the federal authority. Examples of this are numerous and repetitions may be foreseen in almost every case where any favorite object of a State shall present a temptation. Among these examples are the wars and Treaties of Georgia with the Indians —The unlicensed compacts [agreements] between Virginia and Maryland, and between Pena. & N. Jersey—the troops raised and to be kept up by Massts. Part A: What is Madison's compliant about the Articles of Confederation in this excerpt?

"Congress had the power...To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;"

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. 4. Trespasses of the States on the rights of each other. Paper money, installments of debts, ..., making property a legal tender, may likewise be deemed aggressions on the rights of other States. ... If the exclusive regulation of the value and alloy of coin was properly delegated to the federal authority, the policy of it equally requires a controul on the States in the cases above mentioned. It must have been meant 1. to preserve uniformity in the circulating medium throughout the nation. 2. to prevent those frauds on the citizens of other States, and the subjects of foreign powers, which might disturb the tranquility at home, or involve the Union in foreign contests. Part B: Madison's compliant in Part B about the Articles of the Confederation was BEST rectified by which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution?

States were putting tariffs on each other's goods and it was causing disputes between the states.

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. The practice of many States in restricting the commercial intercourse with other States, and putting their productions and manufactures on the same footing with those of foreign nations, though not contrary to the federal articles, is certainly adverse to the spirit of the Union, and tends to beget retaliating regulations... they are destructive of the general harmony. Part A: What is Madison's compliant about the Articles of Confederation in this excerpt?

"No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another."

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. The practice of many States in restricting the commercial intercourse with other States, and putting their productions and manufactures on the same footing with those of foreign nations, though not contrary to the federal articles, is certainly adverse to the spirit of the Union, and tends to beget Save Exclusion Changes retaliating regulations... they are destructive of the general harmony. Part B: Madison's compliant about the Articles of the Confederation was BEST rectified by which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution?

The states were printing their own money, which led to trade disputes. This could lead to civil wars or wars with other countries.

Use the passage from James Madison's Vices of the Political System of the United States written in Apr. 1787, to answer the question. 4. Trespasses of the States on the rights of each other. Paper money, installments of debts, ..., making property a legal tender, may likewise be deemed aggressions on the rights of other States. ... If the exclusive regulation of the value and alloy of coin was properly delegated to the federal authority, the policy of it equally requires a controul on the States in the cases above mentioned. It must have been meant 1. to preserve uniformity in the circulating medium throughout the nation. 2. to prevent those frauds on the citizens of other States, and the subjects of foreign powers, which might disturb the tranquility at home, or involve the Union in foreign contests. Part A: What is Madison's compliant about the Articles of Confederation in this excerpt?

The government was attempting to make America a white man's country

We hope that the Government will render such aid as will enable the citizens of the north to carry on a war of extermination until the last redskin of these tribes has been killed. Extermination is no longer a question of time—the time has arrived, the work has commenced, and let the first man that says treaty or peace be regarded as a traitor. What conclusion can be drawn from reading this excerpt?

Governments should have a separation of powers

What Enlightenment idea was not a grievance listed in the Declaration of Independence?

natural rights and the social contract

What Enlightenment ideas did Jefferson accuse the King of England of violating in the Declaration of Independence?

It established religious freedom.

What was one way that the Northwest Ordinance established a precedent for governing the United States?

The government was attempting to make America a white man's country.

Whereas in the opinion of the Government of the United States the coming of Chinese laborers to this country endangers the good order of certain localities within the territory thereof: Therefore, Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or having so come after the expiration of said ninety days to remain within the United States. What conclusion can be drawn from reading this law?

People left their farms and moved to the cities to work in factories.

Which is the strongest piece of evidence to support this claim? "Industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries transformed the American economy."

improvements in mechanized farming

Which of the following caused the American economy to become more industrial based in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Federalist - The size of the United States will allow for a diversity of opinions and dilution of power away from one dominating majority. The size of the United States is what will allow for the success of the republican form of government. AntiFederalist - The size of the United States will cause the republic to fail. The rich will advance their causes at the expense of the public good. There will be too many voices to hear, so there will not be consensus among the people and little work will be accomplished. Greece and Rome were successful republics until they grew into empires and the governments were tyrannical

Which of the following is the correctly paired group with its claim regarding the design of the government?

Federalist - A Bill of Rights is dangerous because it would actually expand the power of the federal government rather than retract it. AntiFederalist - A Bill of Rights is necessary because history demonstrates a

Which of the following is the correctly paired group with its claim regarding the Bill of Rights?

Buildings in the cities became taller, and tenements were built to accommodate the increasing population.

Which of the following was a consequence of increased immigration to the United States and increased internal migration of people from rural to urban areas in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Harsh working conditions and low wages led to unionization.

Which of the following was a direct consequence of Industrialization?

the dissolution of colonial assemblies and Houses of Burgesses by the British

Which of the following was a key grievance against King George III by the Americans in the Declaration of Independence?

1860—Civil War

Which year and correctly paired historical event caused the number of jobs in the industrial sector of the economy to be about equal to the number of jobs in the agricultural sector of the economy?