Professional Exam
the electrochemical process that occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte
galvanic action
the cost of running a contracting busines and includes such things as office rent, utlities, recurring costs etc
general overhead
two or more people share in the management, profits and risks of the business
general partnership
What 2 conditions must be accounted for in developing any project budget?
geographical location inflation
span shorter distances and carry the weight of the beam
girder
International Plumbing Code
gives the minimum number of toilets, lavatories, drinking fountains, and other fixtures required in a building.
this perimeter protection senses when a window has been broken or cut by metallic foil or vibration
glass break detector
the process of installing glass in framing as well as installing the framing itself
glazing
What are the advantages of vinyl
good, durable resilient flooring resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis, and acid
includes dead load and live load
gravity load
the areas of all floors that are totally enclosed, measured from the outside faces of exterior walls
gross area
separate wire in addition to the two that provide power; prevents shock if someone touches an appliances that has short circuited
grounding
assist the specification writer in organizing the information and showing what decisions need to be made and where things should be placed in the document
guide specifications
What 5 components make up plaster?
gypsum lime water aggregates of sand vermiculite or perlite
gypsum core sandwiches between heavy paper or other materials
gypsum wallboard
a log is cut in half and the veneer is cut slightly across the annular growth rings
half round slicing
timber from deciduous trees
hardwood
a framing member that crosses and supports the end of joists, transferring he weight of the joists to parallel joists
header
The ___ the STC rating, the better the barrier is in stopping sound
higher
the _ the IIC rating, the better the floor performs in reducing impact sounds in the test frequency range
higher
a graphic indication that the line on the drawing connecting lights or outlets in a particular electrical panel box
home run
the stone finish has a dull sheen without reflections
honed finish
determines the moisture emmission by measuring relative humidity of the atmosphere confined adjacent to the concrete floor
hygrometer test
when a force is only applied suddenly
impact load
sound resulting from direct contact of an object with a sound barrier can occur on any surface, but it generally occurs on a floor and ceiling assembly
impact noise
this tile has a water absorption rate of < 0.5%
impervious tile
An ___ cannot exceed 10% of the story it is occupying.
incidental accessory
to secure against loss or damage intended to protect the owner and designer against situations where a person is injured due to negligence of the contractor or the contractors agents
indemnify
All ____ occupancies must have a 1 hour rated corridor regardless of the occupant load.
industrial
this area protection device uses a detector that senses a source of infrared radiation. There must be a clear field of view of the area they are protecting
infrared detectors
this object protector determines if the space around an object is violated
infrared motion detectors
Disadvantages of a corporation
initial set up cost continuing paperwork and formal requirements taxed 2 ways: profits and dividends
a single number rating of a floor/ceiling's impact sound performance
insulation class (IIC)
suspended ceiling systems specifically design to accommodate acoustical ceiling tile, light fixtures, supply and return air grilles, fire sprinklers and partition attachment in a consistent and unified way
integrated ceiling
Who has the authority to reject construction work?
interior designer
respond to fire by expanding rapidly insulating the surfaces they protect and preventing the passage of fire, heat and smoke
intumescent materials
responds to products of combustion-ionized particles rather than to smoke. - early warning detector
ionization detector
List the 4 types of fire detection
ionization detector photoelectric detectors flame detectors rise of temperature detectors
accessible route
is a continuous unobstructed path connecting all accessible elements and spaces in a building or facility
model code
is one that has been written by a group comprised of experts knowledgable in the field, without reference to any particular geographical area.
List the 2 disadvantages of tempered glass
it muse be ordered the exact size produces slight distortions in the field
steel or approved plastic boxes to which the conduit or other cable system is attached
junction boxes
Exiting is not permitted through
kitchens, storerooms, rest rooms, closets or spaces used for similar purposes
simple to install in holes drilled in the door. relatively inexpensive. most common lock for residentia
l cylindrical lock
When a door opening assembly is sued, the door, frame and closer are required to be ___.
labeled
a coating material with a high nitrocellulose content modified with resins and plasticizers dissolved in a volatile solvent
lacquer
consists of 2 + layers of glass bonded together by an inter layer of polyvinyl butyral. high strength and acoustical control. Low impact resistance
laminated glass
the flat portion immediately adjacent to either the bottom or top of a flight of stairs. must be as wide as the stairway serves.
landing
uses medium range pulsing laser beams which systematically sweep over an object or space to obtain 3-D coordinates of points on the surfaces of the object or space being scanned
laser scanning
hold the door in place with no provisions for locking
latchset
Permanent identification signs must be mounted on the walls adjacent to the ___ of the door such that there is a minimum clear floor space of __ centered on the tactile characters and beyond the arc of the door swing.
latchside 18"x18"
includes wind loads and earthquake loads
lateral loads
a method for determining the total cost of a building or building component system
life cycle cost analysis
Some of the important elements of electrical and signal system coordination include the following:
lighting required for surveillance and deterence adequate space and support for video monitoring speakers conduit power transfers
hae one or more general partners that manage the company and are financially responsible and other investors that receive a portion of the profits
limited partnership
this fabric lacks resilience and flexibility and is susceptible to abrasion; resistant to fading
linen
use this type of flooring for a very good abrasion and grease resistant but limited resistance to alkalis
linoleum
a horizontal structural member over an opening that carries the weight of the wall above it
lintel
part of the door overlaps the frame and covers the joint between two pieces
lipped overlay
a product has been shown to meet applicable standards for use in fire-rated assemblies or has been found suitable for use in a specific application
listed device
weight of people furniture and other movable equipment
live load
List the 8 advantages of gypsum wall board
low installed cost quick and easy installation fire resistance sound control capability easy availability versatility ease of finishing and decorating ease of installation of doors and other openings
his perimeter protection is used on doors and windows to either sound an alarm when the contact is broken or sent a signal to a central monitoring station
magnetic contacts
this test determines the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics generally with a pile depth of less than .08in
martindale abrasion test (ASTM D4966)
prewritten specifications that cover nearly all types of products, methods of installation and other variables that relate to a specific product or construction activity
master specifications
a sample of vapor retardant floor finish is applied with adhesive and the edges are sealed. after 7s hours a visual inspection is made to see if the mat is firmly bonded.
mat test
a technique in which a matrix is drawn with the various alternatives along one side and the individual elecments that combine to make up the total cost of the alternatives along the other side
matrix costing
listed label
means that the product passed the safety test and is manufactured under the UL follow-up services program
What are the 2 parts to the ASTM E119 test?
measures heat transfer through the assembly uses a high-pressure hose stream to simulate how well the assembly stands up to an impact from falling debris and the cooling and eroding effects of water
a process by which a neutral third party facilitates and assists the disputing parties to negotiate a settlement sing preset rules
mediation
this area protection device uses detectors that emit a field of microwave radiation. their use is limited in interior construction
microwave detector
a dimensionally stable composite of inorganic ineral fibers with a microperforated surface
mineral fiberboard
adjusts the quantity or temperature of air going into a space from the main air supply line reducing the velocity of air and attenuates noise
mixing box
a change order, written amendment to the contract signed by both parties, a written interpretation issued by the interior design
modification
keeping track of hte progress of the job to see if the planned aspects of time, fee and quality are being accomplished
monitoring
is installed in a rectangular area cut out of the door
mortise lock
the fibers are pulled through a backing with barbed needles
needle punching
List the padding types from most resistant to smoldering to least resistant
neoprene and combustion modified polyurethane polyester batting smolder/flame resistant polyurethane foam smolder/flame resistant cellulosic batting mixed fiber batting untreated polyurethane foam cellulosic batting latex foam
the actual area required to accommodate the specific function of space including the interior walls and building columns; doesn't include primary or secondary circulation, closets, electrical and telephone equipment rooms, exterior walls or the building core.
net area
Does the interior designer have authority to stop work on behalf of the owner?
no
Disadvantage of a flame detector
no early warning signs are given
dependent on the area of the partition separating the two spaces and the absorption of the surfaces in the quiet room
noise reduction
a single number rating of the average sound absorption of a material over a limited frequency range including 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05
noise reduction coefficient (NRC)
the average of a material's absorption coefficients at the four frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05
noise reduction coefficient (NRC)
this tile has a water absorption rate of +7%
non vitreous tile
normally extends about an inch form the back of the previous tread
nosing
disadvantage of rubber flooring
not resistant to oils
this fabric is exceptionally strong with high resiliency and elasticity. resistant to chemicals, water and microorganisms; not resistant to sunlight unless treated
nylon
is used to sense movement or tampering with individual objects such as safes, artwork, file cabinets, or other equipment
object protection
these pivots allow the door to swing 180*
offset pivots
this fabric is highly resistant to chemicals, mildew and microorganisms; nonabsorbent; low resistance to sunlight heat and flame
olefin
Joists span between beams or bearing walls ranging from 20' - 144'. depths range from 8"-72"
open web steel joist system
If the interior designer notices a safety violation who should they notify?
owner and contractor
Disadvantages of a Sole Proprietorship
owner is personally liable difficult to raise capital and credit difficult to sell the business
duties and responsibilities of the interior designer in FFE contract
owner's representative and is responsible for the administration of the contract
this test is used to test the surface of concrete that will com in contact with flooring adhesives or other critical floor coatings
pH test
A ___ does not meet the required fire-resistance rating.
panel door
Disadvantages of a general partnership
partners are liable for actions of others income is taxed as individuals
duties and responsibilities of the owner in construction contract
pay the contractor provide surveys describing the physical characteristics and utility locations of the site provide the drawings and project manuals necessary for the work
sprinklers whose heads extend a few inches below the ceiling
pendent sprinklers
this open specification tells what results the final construction assembly must achieve
performance specification
secures the entry points to a space or bldg
perimeter protection
Advantages of a corporation
personal assets are not at risk taxed at a lower rate continuity independent of changes in stockholder, members directors, etc
this area protection device uses a beam warns of intrusion by sending a pulsed infrared beam across a space in this area protection
photoelectric beam
this perimeter protection detects when a beam of light has been broken
photoelectric cells
responds to smoke by obscuring a light beam in a devise
photoelectric detector
the surveying of objects or space by using photography and associated software
photogrammetry
the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27" width
pitch
Egress doors must be:
pivoted or side hinged swing in the direction of travel when serving any hazardous area or occupant load of 50 or more
provide an alternative way to hang doors where the appearance of hinges is objectionable or where a frame less door design is required
pivots
makes the most efficient used of the log and is the least expensive method. results in a cathedral pattern
plain sawing
These 6 ideas help minimize acoustic problems in interior space planning:
plan similar use areas next to each other use buffer spaces stagger doorways locate furniture away from walls minimize the area of common wall avoid room shapes that reflect sound
thins sheets of material made by impregnating several layers of kraft paper with phenolic resins and overlaying the paper with a patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin
plastic laminate
this stone finish has a mirror like gloss with sharp reflections
polished finish
the most common stainless steel finish for architectural applications; the more polished the finish the higher the cost
polished finishes
this fabric is resilient and elastic; high resistant to solvents and other chemicals and good resistance to sunlight; absorbs oily materials and had undesirable burning properties
polyester
another type of synthetic material that gives the hardest, most durable finish possible
polyesters
a qualitative test conducted by sealing an 18" x 18" sheet of plastic to the floor to trap excessive moisture
polyethylene sheet test
a synthetic material that creates a very hard, durable finish. offer a superior resistance to abrasion and to penetration or damage from water and many commercial and household chemicals
polyurethane
In addition to having a 20-minute fire rating, doors in corridors and smoke barriers must meet the requirements for ___.
positive pressure fire testing
if a slab is ___ if should not be penetrated for pipes or conduit
post tensioned
steel cables within the concrete are tightened after the concrete sets, creating extra compression forces in the beam or slab
post tensioned concrete
the quality of acoustic energy as measured in watts
power
the mechanism is in a rectangular box that fits within a notch cut in the edge of the door
preassembled lock
duties and responsibilities of the vendor in FFE contract
prepares purchase orders prepares acknowledgments supervises the work and pays for labor, materials, FF&E and other facilities necessary to complete the work prepare a schedule final clean up of work area
this closed specification tells exactly what product or material the contractor must used by brand name
prescriptive specification
this area protection device uses sensors that detect weight on a floor or on other surfaces
pressure detectors
Fire protection in buildings is accomplished by:
preventing fires early fire detection and alarm providing for quick exiting of building occupants containing the fire suppressing the fire
There are two basic problems in controlling noise:
preventing the transmission of sound from one space to another reducing the noise within a space
liiability for malpractice is generally limited ot the person responsible
professional corporation
building work is completed, the furniture and fixtures are installed and the structure is made ready for occupancy
project closeout
the money it takes to complete a specific job not including labor, materials, or equipment
project overhead
this specification is the most restrictive in that they call out a specific manufacturer's product
proprietary specification
NFPA 701
provide a procedure for assessing the response of fabrics lighter than 21oz/yd^2 individually and in multilayer used as draperies and other window treatments. fabrics weighing more than 21oz/yd^2 fabric blackout, awnings exposed to air on both sides. Pass/Fail
Life Safety Code
published by the National Fire Protection Association
ASTM International
publishes thousands of test procedures that prescribe how the test apparatus must be set up, how materials must be prepared for the test, the length of the test, etc.
a statement setting criteria and results required of the item being specified. used for construction components when then specifier wants to encourage new ways of achieving a particular result
pure performance specification
a piece of lumber laid horizontally
purlin
involves determining with the client what the expectations are concerning design, cost and other aspects of the project. reuqirements of the client based on his or her needs
quality planning
produced by cutting the log into quarters and then sawing perpendicular to a diameter ling. Pattern is uniformly vertical
quarter sawing
the application of fabric to furniture so that there are no intermediate seam details
railroading
the traditional type of paneling composed of vertical pieces and horizontal pieces enclosing a paneled area
raised panel (stile and rail paneling)
this matching veneer technique places veneers in a random sequence and even different flitches are used
random matching
this fabric is very poor resistance to sunlight and poor resiliency. high absorbency and flammable
rayon
sprinklers with a smooth cover that is flush with the ceiling
recessed sprinklers
uses large format film based view cameras to photograph facades. building plane should be relatively flat and provide the ability to scale
rectified photography
this specification type describes a material, product or process based on requirements set by an accepted authority or test method
reference standard specification
this measurement process relies on the return signal bounced from the object being measured
reflector-less electronic distance measurement (REDM)
the total amount of usable space available including structural columns the thickness of partitions and typically a portion of the exterior of the building
rentable area
duties and responsibilities of the contractor in construction contract
responsible for all fabrication, delivery, installation means, methods techniques and procedures and for coordinating all portions of the work. provide schedule for work work is free and clear of liens upon submittal
10% of each application amount that gives the owner leverage in making sure the job is completed and can be used to provide money to satisfy any claims that may arise
retainage
the edges of adjacent drawer and door fronts are separated enough to reveal the face frame behind; less expensive
reveal overlay
the prologation of sound as it repeatedly bounces off hard surfaces
reverberation
sens the presence of heat and can be set up to trip an alarm when a particular temperature is reached in the room
ries of temperature detectors
provides a consistent vertical grain. cuts are made radially to the center of the tree.
rift sawing
accomplished by quartering a log and cutting at a 15* angle to the growth rings
rift slicing
stainless steel finish produced on sheet material by passing the steel between rollers under pressure at the mill; least expensive
rolled finishes
the log is mounted on a lathe and turned against a knife which peels off a continuous layer of veneer
rotary slicing
this stone finish has a surface with occasional slight scratches
rubbed finish
alternates bookmatched veneer pieces regardless of their width or how many pieces must be used to complete a panel.
running match
an item of continuing length such as a baseboard, chair rail or cornice
running trim
offers all the advantages od a standard corporation but the profits and losses are paid or deducted from the stockholders personal income taxes in proportion to the shares of stock they hold
s corporation (subchapter)
these are physical examples used as standards of appearance and workmanship by which the final work will be judged
samples
classified labels
samples of the product were tested for certain types of uses only
What is the best way to avoid cracking of terrazzo
sand cushion (bc the finish is physically separated from the structural slab)
uses panels of uniform width manufactured for a specific job and with the veneers arranged in sequence
sequence match
the plywood or particle board covering placed over exterior studding or rafters of a building that provides strength and a base for application of wall or roof cladding
sheathing
the title passes to the buyer after the goods are consigned to the common carrier at the factory
shipment contract
drawings, diagrams, schedules and other data prepared to show how a subcontractor or supplier proposes to supply and install work to conform to the requirements of the contract documents
shop drawings
sprinklers used for corridors and small rooms when ros of sprinklers is adequate in narrow spaces
sidewall heads
this fabric is very strong, has good resilience and is flexible. degrades in sunlight
silk
Positive pressure fire testing
simulates actual fire conditions where there is pressure above and below a certain point
this matching veneer technique uses consecutive pieces that are placed side by side and the same face sides are exposed.
slip matching
Long and narrow and contain form 2 - 8 slots resulting in a finished opening about 3-8" wide
slot air diffuser
one of the most important aspect of fire protection.
smoke control
combustion without flame that may burn for a relatively long time while generating smoke, toxic gases and heat
smoldering
foams with an ILD rating of <25 are considered _
soft
timber from evergreen trees
softwood
the vertical stack that carries human waster from toilets
soil stack
a horizontal wood member that serves as the base for the studs in a stud partition
sole plate
the company is owned by an individual and operates under either the individual's name or a company name
sole propreitorship
a generic term for homogeneous, polymer based surfacing materials. mixture of a filler and a clear resin
solid surfacing
used to control unwanted sound reflection improves speech privacy and decrease or increase reverberation
sound absorption
a single number rating used to the transmission loss of construction
sound transmission class (STC)
single number rating but the frequency range includes 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz.
speech range absorption (SRA)
use wedge shaped treads that radiate from a center support column
spiral stairway
if a vent connects to a soil or waste stack above the highest fixture in the system, the portion of the stack above this point is this
stack vent
a change in elevation having 2 or more risers
stairway
pipes that run the height of a building and provide water outlets at each floor to which fire fighting hoses can be connected
stand pipes
an item of fixed length that can be installed with a single length of wood such as a door or window casing
standing trim
NFPA 72
states that alarms must have flashinglights that have a flash frequenct of 1 cycle/sec
List the 5 basic hardware finishes for base metals
steel stainless steel bronze brass aluminum
the portion of egress achieving a change in elevation by means of a single riser
step
uses two overlapping photographs that are loaded into a computer program to produce a digital stereo image
stereophotogrammetry
the number of lengthwise tufts in 1"
stitch
the stage when the work is sufficiently complete in accordance with the contract documents so that the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended purposes
substantial completion
this test determines the abrasion resistance of textiles most commonly carpet
taber abraser test (ASTM D3884)
a noncombustible fibrous glass mat bonded with resinous binder and formed int a rigid board with a finish face of thin, rigid fiberglass mesh
tackable acoustic
Also Tear Strength. The resistance of a thin material, like fabric, to the propagation of an exisiting tear.
tear resistance
this test measures the tearing resistance of fabrics after an initial cut has been made in the fabric
tearing strength test, tongue method (ASTM D2261)
Because a full glass door is a potential hazard and extra strength is required the glass must be ___.
tempered
is produce by subjecting annealed glass to a special heat treatment. considered safety glass
tempered glass
If problems are found with the drawings submitted for permits, ____________ usually is responsible for making changes to the documents.
the designer
Occupant Load
the number of people that a building code assumes will occupy a given building or portion of a building
Flame Spread
the propagation of flame over a surface
Fire protection and life safety in buildings addresses what 3 objectives:
the protection of life the protection of property the restoration and continued used of a building after a fire
this stone finish has a coarse surface
thermal or flame
having the property of softening or fusing when heated and of hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled; this can be remelted and cooled multiple times
thermoplastic
having the property of becoming permanently hard and rigid when heated or cured
thermosetting
scheduling the work required and making sure there are enough fees and staff to complete it
time planning
What are fire barriers used for?
to enclose vertical exit enclosures, exit passageways, horizontal exits to separate different occupancies to separate single occupancies
What 3 purposes do suspended systems serve?
to provide a finished ceiling with access absorb sound reduce the noise level within a space
Where are fire partitions used?
to separate dwelling units to separate guest rooms to separate tenant spaces corridor walls elevator lobby
a steel framework that is bolted to the floor inside a pip chase and carries the weight of the wall hung toilet
toilet carrier
takes into the account only the loss through the partition
transmission loss
located at every fixture and are designed to catch and hold a quantity of water to provide a seal that prevents gases from the sewage system from entering the building
trap
a wood member in a floor or roof used to support a header
trimmer
a process in which pile yarn is punched thorugh the backing with rows of needles
tufting
This extinguisher type contains non conductive agents
type C
establishes regulation for the buying and selling along with other types of transaction of good that are defined as tangible and movable items
ucc (uniform commercial code)
this area protection device uses detectors that emit a very high frequency sound wave
ultrasonic detector
thin flat protected wire that can be laid under carpet without protruding
under carpet wiring
sprinklers with exposed plumbing and high unfinished cielings.
upright heads
various types of resinous materials dissolved in one of several types of volatile liquids
varnish
this depends on the medium in which the sound is travelling and the temperature of the medium
velocity
Sound has three basic qualities:
velocity, frequency, power
Who takes on the risk of loss of the furniture and fixtures until the owner accepts it after the final inspection of full payment?
vendor
pipes connected to the drainage system at various locations, open to outside air and designed to allow built up sewage gases to escapse and allow pressure in the system to equalize
vents
this standard establishes two procedures for testing the flammability of draperies, curtains and other window treatments
vertical ignition test (NFPA 701)
NFPA 701
vertical ignition test (Standard methods for fire tests for flames resistant textiles and films)
foams with an ILD rating of 50+ are considered _
very firm
this object protector detects a disturbance of the object
vibration detectors
can provide support for heavier loads at slightly longer spans than the flat slab system. often left exposed
waffle slab system
premanufactured panels, normally 4' wide by 8'-10' long are assembled from a single flitch that yields 6 to 12 panels
warehouse match
the vertical stack that carries wastes other than human waste
waste stack
avoid sing this fabric covered cord sewn into the seam of upholstery for ornamental purposes or to improve the durability where cigarettes may be dropped
welt
uses acid to wear off some of the finish
wet etching
a structural beam of steel having a shape whose cross section resembles the letter H
wide flange beam
Ducts are indicated with a line and a number such as 18 x 12. 18 = _, 12 = _.
width height
have tapered treads that are wider on one end than the other
winding stairway
these can only be used as exit stairs in private homes
winding, curved and spiral
this perimeter protection has fine wires embedded in a screen that when cut or broken sets off an alarm
window screens
most common door type is attached to its frame with hinges or pivots. only acceptable type as an exit door s
winging door
Glass in egress doors must be __ and its total area is limited depending on the__.
wired door's fire rating
this fabric has excellent resilience, elasticity and wears well.
wool
List the Fabric types from MOST resistant to Least resistant to fire when untreated
wool silk modacrylic nylon olefin polyester acrylic acetate cotton, linen, rayon
Characteristics of Olefin (Polypropylene)
"Excellent Resiliency Excellent Abrasion Resistance Good Soil and Stain resistance, if treated promptly Loses strength and deteriorates in the sunlight Waxy and soft Excellent resistance to mildew Melts at low temps, burns and emits heavy smoke"
Characteristics of Acrylic Modacrylic
"Fair to excellent Resiliency Fair to excellent Abrasion Resistance Good Soil and Stain resistance Excellent resistance to sunlight Feels Warm and soft Excellent resistance to mildew Acrylic burns readily, modacrylic does not support combustion"
Characteristics of Polyester
"Good Resiliency Good Abrasion Resistance Good Soil and Stain resistance, if treated promptly Weaken when with prolonged exposure to sunlight soft and silky Excellent resistance to mildew Burns slowly, melts"
Flame-Spread Ratines
(A)I = 0-25 (B)II = 26-75 (C)III = 76-200
this measurement process uses a laser based instrument with an onboard computer to measure the distance, horizontal and vertical angles of the instruments laser beam to a reflective prism target
(EDM) electronic distance measurement
The gripping portion of a handrail cannot be less than ______ or more than ____ in cross section
-1 1/4" -2"
What are the 6 most common criteria required for seismic restraint of suspended ceilings?
-Fixtures supported by the grid must be independently supported by wires -the weight of the ceiling system should be 2.5 lbm/ft2 -ceiling systems should not provide lateral support for partitions -ceiling angles should provide a 7/8" ledge and 3/8" clearance form the wall -runners must be prevented from spreading -the suspension system must have lateral force bracing 12' o.c. in 2 directions
By definition, ___ dB is the threshold of human hearing, and ___ dB is the threshold of pain.
0 130
Smoke density value range
0 - 800
A material with a coefficient below __ is considered to be reflective and one with a coefficient above __ is considered sound absorbing.
0.2
Min. W of exit for other egress components = OL x _____ (per occupant)
0.2"
The average absorption coefficient of a room should be at least __. An absorption above __ is usually not desirable or economically justifiable.
0.20, 0.50
The recommended time for speech reverberation in offices and small rooms is __ to __ seconds, while for auditrium it is __ to __.
0.3 - 0.6 seconds 1.5-1.8 seconds
Min. W of exit for stairs = OL x _____ (per occupant)
0.3"
What is the static COF for accessible routes and ramps?
0.6 0.8
this division section covers requirements for bidding and contracting, including bid solicitation, instructions to bidders, information available to bidders, bid forms, the agreement, bonds and certificates, general conditions of the contract, supplementary conditions, addenda, and modifications
00
this division includes requirements that are applicable to the entire project or all the individual technical sections
01
this division is used to specify site remediation, site documentation, subsurface investigation, surveying and selective demolition among other items related to existing conditions on a job site
02
this division covers all aspects of concrete, including forms, reinforcement, cast in place concrete, precast concrete, cementitious decks and underlayment, grouts and concrete restoration and cleaning
03
this division includes all aspects of masonry
04
this division includes all types of structural steel and toher structural metals, ornamtental metals and metal fabrications, expansion joint covers and metal restoration and cleaning
05
this division covers the typical structural wood framing, rough carpentry finish carpentry, and architectural woodwork
06
this division includes dampproofing and waterproofing, insulation, vapor retarders, air barriers, shingles, roof tiles, siding, membrane roofing, flashing, joint sealants, fire and smoke protection, and roofing specialties.
07
this division contains the metal doors and frames, wood doors and frames, specialty doors, storefronts, all types of windows, skylights, hardware, curtain walls and glazing
08
this division includes finish materials such as plaster, gypsum wallboard, wall and floor tile, terrazzo, flooring materials, acoustical ceilings and other types of decorative ceilings, wall coverings, acoustical treatment, paints, and other coatings
09
Gypsum Level __ is used for plenums above ceilings and other areas not normally open to view.
1
There must be a space of at least ______ between the wall and handrail.
1 1/2"
Occupant load of 0-49 requires how many exits?
1 exit required
What fire ratings can the ASTM E119 test provide for floors and ceiling?
1 hr 2 hr 3 hr 4 hr
All R (residential) occupancies must have a ___, if the occupant loag is > 10.
1-hour rated corridor
Exit access corridor typical required rating
1-hour rating, 20 min door assembly
For residential projects a __ thick gypsum wallboard is used.
1/2"
A __ thick gypsum wallboard is used for forming curved surfaces and providing new finishes over old wall and ceiling surfaces.
1/4"
Fire-Protection-Rated Glazing
1/4" thick wired glass in steel frams or toher times of glazing that meet the requirements of NFPA 252 or NFPA 257.
drains must be sloped a minimum of ___ for pipes larger than 3".
1/4in/ft
this division includes visual display boards, toilet compartments, louvers, grilles, wall and corner guards, access flooring, pre-built fireplaces, flagpoles, signage, lockers, awnings, demountable partitions, storage shelving, exterior protection and toilet and bath accessories - items usually multiples
10
An incidental accessory occupancy cannot exceed ___ of the area of the story on which it is located.
10%
Combustible trim, excluding handrails and guardrails cannot exceed _____ of the specific wall or ceiling area in which it is attached
10%
Flame resistant materials are limited to ___ of the aggregate area of walls and ceilings, except in Group A occupancies, where it is limited to __ if the building is fully sprinklered.
10% 75%
this division contains information for architectural equipment for security items, vending machines, AV equipment, loading dock equipment, medical equipment
11
The tread on the stair must be no less than _.
11"
this division includes furniture, systems furniture, art, window treatments, accesories, multiple seating and interior plants
12
The handrail must extend not less than _____ beyond the top riser and not less than the _______ beyond the bottom riser.
12" depth of one tread
this division includes air supported structures, special purpose rooms, seismic control, radiation protection, lighting protection
13
this division includes elevators, escalators, dumbwaiters moving walks and lifts
14
the maximum spacing between sprinkler heads
15'
A fabric is considered good it if can with stand ____ double rubs based on what test
15,000 Wyzeenbeek abrasion resistance test (ASTM D4157)
What is a typical space in a beam and girder system?
15-30'
Toilets should be located __ on center from a wall with grab bars at both the back and side of the water closet.
16-18"
Urinals must be at a maximum height of ___ AFF.
17"
The occupant load of fixed seating without dividing arms is based on one person for each ___" of seating length.
18"
For a single door, front approach the clearance on the pull side is ___. On the push side it is __.
18" with 60" clearance 12" with 48" clearance
Ramps should have a slope no greater than ___.
1:12
An accessible route may have a slope of ___.
1:20
Gypsum Level __ is used where water resistant backing board is employed as a substrate for tile and in other ares where appearance is not critical.
2
How many hinges do doors up to 60" high require?
2
When two exits are required, corridors must be laid out so that what may be possibly when travelling to an exit?
2 directions of travel, simultaneously
Occupant load of 50-500 requires how many exits?
2 exits required
In commercial construction, there should be at least _ between the glass and any window covering to avoid excessive heat build up.
2"
Most commercial interiors only require the use of a ___ door in a 1 hour rated exit access corridor.
20 minute
What fire rating can the ASTM E119 test provide for doors and other opening assemblies?
20 minutes 30 minutes 45 minutes
Dead-end corridors in non-sprinklered buildings are generally limited to __.
20'
A healthy young person can heas sounds in the range of about __ to __.
20Hz 20000Hz
this division includes detection alarms, fire suppression systems, standpipes and hoses
21
this division includes plumbing for buildings
22
this division all of your HVAC equipment
23
For dining and conference rables, plan enough space so that people are not crowded. Generally use __ to __ per person along the edge
24 - 30"
The occupant load of seating booths is based on one person for each __ " of booth seat length.
24"
For a single door, latch side approach the clearance on the pull side is __ with a clearance of __.
24", 48"
this division includes energy monitoring and control, environmental control, lighting control and similar topics
25
The amount of fire protection rated glazing is limited to ___ of the area of the common wall within any room using the glazing. This limitation applies to partitions separating two rooms as well as to a partition separating a room and a corridor.
25%
Girder span from _ to _ with the beams spaced about _ to _ on center.
25-40' 8-10'
Because glass block cannot be load bearing, individual panels are limited to ___ or __ in any dimension.
250 ft squared 25 ft
this division includes electrical
26
this division was established for expanding technologies and specialized nature of computer networks and all types of communicaitons systems
27
Objects with a protruding lower edge less than __ above the floor are permitted because they can be detected by a cane. They can also have any depth.
27"
A clear space of __ should be provided under the water fountain allowing for a ___ toekick. Max mounting height is _.
27", 9", 36"
this division was established for expanding technologies of security systems
28
A clear space of __ should be provided under the lavatory allowing for a ___ toekick.
29", 9"
tread dimension formula
2R + T = 25in
Gypsum Level __ is used where the surface will receive heavy or medium textured finishes or where heavy grade wall coverings are to be applied.
3
How many hinges do doors 60"-90" high require?
3
Occupant load of 501-1000 requires how many exits?
3 exits required
For business, residential, and some educational occupancies, exit widths are usually satisfied by using the minimum ___ exit door width and having __ exits.
3', 2
A __ thick gypsum wallboard is used in some double layer applications or when wallboard is applied over the finished walls in remodeling work.
3/8"
Intermediate handrails are required so that all portions of the stairway width required for egress capacity are within _ of a handrail.
30"
The maximum rise for any ramp is limited to ___.
30"
A clear space of ___ should be provided in front of the urinal.
30" x 48"
Freestanding or built in drinking fountains without clear space below must have a clear floor space in front of them at least ___ with the long side parallel to the fountain.
30" x 48"
A door must have a minimum clear opening width of __ when opened at 90*.
32"
The minimum width of egress door openings must be sufficient for the occupant load served, but the clear width must be
32"
Grab bars must be provided in ADA restrooms at a mounted height of __.
33-36"
The maximum height of a lavatory or sink above the floor is __.
34"
The top of the handrail must be between _ and _ above the nosing of the treads.
34" 38"
The top of the gripping surface must be between __ and __ above the stair nosing.
34-38"
Stairways serving an occupant load of 49 or less must be a minimum of _ wide.
36"
The minimum clear width for an accessible route is __ continuously and __ at a passage point such as a doorway.
36" 32"
A ramp must have a minimum clear width of ___ and landings at least as wide as the widest ramp leading to them. Landing lengths must be a minimum of __.
36" 60"
For a single door, hinge side approach the clearance on the pull side is __ with a clearance of __.
36", 60" 42", 54"
Gypsum Level __ is used where light textures or wall coverings will be applied or where economy is of concern. Gloss, semigloss, and enamel paints are NOT recommended over this level of finish.
4
How many hinges do doors 90"-120" high require?
4
Handrails may project into the required width of the stairs _.
4 1/2" on each side
Items mounted more than 27" AFF can only protrude __ max.
4"
Risers on the stair cannot be less than _ or more than _
4" 7"
Mirrors above lavatories and countertops must be mounted with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface no higher than ___ from the floor.
40"
Guards must be a minimum of __ high and designed such that a sphere with a __ diameter cannot pass through any opening up to a height of __.
42" 4" 36"
Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or more must be a minimum of _ wide.
44"
Most codes require a smoke density of _ for finish materials.
450 or less
The maximum width of swinging egress doors is
48"
Gypsum Level __ is used where gloss, semigloss, enamel, or non-textured flat paints are specified or where severe lighting conditions exist.
5
For commercial occupancies, use at least a __ corridor. This allows a maximum occupancy of 300.
5'
Stairways wider than _ must have intermediate handrails.
5'
In individual dwelling units or single-family houses, basements and bedrooms must have an escape window with a minimum openable area of _ with a windowsill no more than ____ above the floor.
5.7' squared 44"
For most commercial work a __ thick gypsum wallboard is used.
5/8"
Permanent rooms and space must be identified with signs having lettering from __ to __ high, depending on the viewing distance.
5/8" 2"
Directional and informations signs must have lettering from __ to __ high depending on the viewing distace.
5/8" 3"
The minimum impact insulation class (IIC) for floors must be __.
50
Minimum sound transmission for walls
50 STC (45 if field verified)
Dead end corridors in sprinklered buildings are limited to _.
50'
Inside the Elevator cab, floor buttons can be no higher than __ AFF for a side approach and __ AFF for a front approach.
54" 36"
Ramps with rises greater than __ or lengths greather than __ must have handrails on both sides and the top of the handrail must be from ___ to __ above the ramp surface.
6" 72" 34-38"
The minimum passage width for two wheelchairs is ___.
60"
If an accessible route is less than 60" wide, then passing spaces at least ___ x ___ must be provided at intervals not to exceed ___.
60" x 60" 200'
Toilet paper dispensers must be installed with the centerline between _ and _ in front of the water closet with the outlet of the dispenser between _ and _ AFF.
7-9" 14-48"
what is the maximum distance from a wall for a sprinkler head?
7.5'
the IBC requires sprinklers in buildings over __ high.
75'
Two exits are required if the common path of travel exceeds
75' (100' in some occupancies if certain conditions are met)
There are 4 classes of extinguisher:
A B C D
Means of Egress
A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way
Smoke Barrier
A continuous vertical or horizontal membrane with a minimum fire-resistance rating of 1 hour, designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke
Egress Court
A court or yard (considered part of an exit discharge) that provides access to a public way for one or more required exits
Exit Access Doorway
A door or access point along the path of egress travel from an occupied room, area, or space where the path of egress enters an intervening room, corridor, unenclosed exit access stair or unenclosed exit access ramp
Exit Enclosure
A fully enclosed portion of an exit that is only used as a means of egress and provides for a protected path of egress either in a vertical or horizontal direction. Typically protected stairways
Exit Passageway
A horizontal, fully enclosed portion of an exit that is only used as a means of egress
Corridor
A portion of an exit access leading to an exit with the purpose of providing a safe means of egress from a room or space to a building exit or another approved exitway, such as a stairway
Accessory Occupancy
A space or room that is ancillary to the main occupancy but does not exceed 10% of the floor area of the main occupancy
Fire Barrier
A vertical or horizontal assembly that is fire-resistance rated and is designed to restrict the spread of fire, confine fire to limited areas and/or afford safe passage for protected egress. Offers more protection than a fire partition. Must be continuous from floor slab to underside of floor slab above
Fire Partition
A wall assembly with a fire-reistance rating of 1 hour
bacterial resistance test
AATCC 147
Fade-Ometer test
AATCC 16
Crocking resistance test
AATCC 8
intended to provide protection from the effects of arc faults by recognizing characteristics unique to arcing and functioning to de-energize the circuit when this type of fault is detected
AFCI (arc-fault circuit interrupter)
measues COF in the field on both wet and dry surfaces
ASTM C1028
Martindale abrasion test
ASTM D 4966
most accurate and reliable measurement of slip resistance
ASTM D2047
tearing strength test, tongue method
ASTM D2261
Methenamine Pill Test
ASTM D2859 - Standard test method for ignition characteristics of finished textile floor covering materials
taber abraser test
ASTM D3884
Tests the floor/ceiling construction
ASTM E119
Tests the wall finishes
ASTM E84 - steiner tunnel test NFPA 286 - room corner test NFPA 265 NFPA 258 ASTM E2573
this test uses soapy water for bathtubs and shower structures
ASTM F462
measures static COF of footwear soles, heels or related materials on walkway surfaces
ASTM F609
durablility standards for wall coverings are covered in what ASTM test?
ASTM F793 (Standard Classification of Wallcovering by Use Characteristics)
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ASTM International
American Society for Testing and Materials
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Incidental Accessory Occupancy
An area that is incidental to the main occupancy and has the same classification as the nearest main occupancy but, by code must be separated from the main occupancy by a fire barrier or equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system or both as required by code.
Area of Refuge
An area where the person unable to use stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation
Fire Assembly
An assembly of a fire door, fire window or fire damper, including all required anchorage, frames, sills and hardware
Horisontal Exit
An exit through a minimum 2-hour rated wall that divides a building into two or more separate exit access areas to afford safety from fire and smoke
Fire Protection System
Any fire alarm or fire-extinguishing device or system that is designed and installed to detect, control or extinguish a fire, or to alert the occupants or the fire department that a fire has occurred or any combination of these
Public Way
Any street, alley or similar parcel of land essentially unobstructed from the ground to the sky that is permanently appropriated to the public for public use and has a clear width of not less than 10'
Occupancy Group A
Assembly
a vertical member used between double doors to seal the opening. it can act as a doorstop or provide extra security when the doors are closed.
Astragals
this area protection device uses detectors that listen for unusual sounds in a space at levels above what is normally encountered
Audio detectors
Room corner test
Based on whether the flame does not spread to the ceiling during the 40kW exposure and other conditions are met during the 150kW exposure including no flashover and no spread of the flame to the outer extremity. Pass Fail
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction Materials
Building a sample of the wall or floor/ceiling assembly in the laboratory and setting a standard fire on one side of it
Occupancy Group B
Business
this door type is hung form a top track and is generally used for closets only
Bypass sliding door
Material used as interior trim must have a minimum Class _ flame spread index and smoke developed index.
C
tests the furniture
CAL TB 116 CAL TB 117 CAL TB 133
building product manufactured with cement, water and various types of aggregates. based on nominal 4" modules
CMU
Flammable
Capable of burning with a flame and subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion
Material used as interior trim must have a minimum _________ flame-spread index and smoke-develop index.
Class C
Material classes defined by flooring radiant panel test
Class I = not less than 0.45W/cm^2 Class II = not less than .22W/cm^2
Floor-wall base trim that is 6" or less in height must be no less than ____________
Class II (when floor is required to be Class I, base must also be Class I)
fire rated glazing that has a higher resistance than does wire glass and low expansion coefficient.
Clear ceramic glazing
International Mechanical Code
Companion to the IBC, details the requirements for materials and design of systems for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems
Guard (guardrail)
Component whose function is to prevent falls from an elevated area. Required along open-sided walking surfaces, mezzanines, industrial equipment platforms, stairways, ramps and landings that are more than 30" AFF. Min. 42" high and 4" diameter cannot pass through any opening up to 36" high. Must resist a load of 50 lbf/ft
this test determines the resistance of colored textile to transfer its color from its surface to other surfaces by rubbing
Crocking resistance test (AATCC 8)
consist of a system of individual components that can be quickly assembled, dissembled and reused with nearly total salvgeability
Demountable partitions
Procurement and Contracting Requirements
Division 00
General Requirements
Division 01
Existing Conditions
Division 02
Concrete
Division 03
Masonry
Division 04
Metals
Division 05
Wood, Plastics and Composites
Division 06
Thermal and Moisture Protection
Division 07
Openings
Division 08
Finishes
Division 09
Specialties
Division 10
Equipment
Division 11
Furnishings
Division 12
Special Construction
Division 13
Conveying Equipment
Division 14
Fire Suppression
Division 21
Plumbing
Division 22
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Division 23
Integrated Automation
Division 25
Electrical
Division 26
Communications
Division 27
Electronic Safety and Security
Division 28
accuracy is +/- 1/64" at 1600 ft
EDM
Occupancy Group E
Educational
glazing that changes from either a dark tint or a milky white color to transparent with the application of an electric current.
Electrochromic glazing
Standard for Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies
Establish a degree of fire protection in units of time for window openings in fire-resistive walls. Determines the degree of protection from the spread of fire, including flame, heat and got gases
Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
Establishes two procedures for testing the flammability of draperies, curtains or other window treatments.
Standard Methods for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
Evaluates the ability of the door assembly to resist the passage of flame, heat and gases. Fire endurance and hose stream tests. Determines if the door will stay within its frame when subjected to a standard blast from a fire hose.
Characteristics of Nylon
Excellent Resiliency Excellent Abrasion Resistance Good Soil and Stain resistance Good resistance to sunlight Varies from Warm and soft to cold and coarse Fiber may be modified to resist mildew Burns slowly, melts in direct flame
Describes freestanding interior components that are not physically attached to the construction and that are usually purchased under a separate contract.
FFE
means the seller is responsible for shipping and recovering any damage or loss during shipment
FOB destination
means that the title is transferred at the factory, the buyer pays the transportation costs and the manufacturer is not responsible for loss or damage during shipping
FOB factory
Occupancy Group F
Factory or Industrial
this test determines the colorfastness under light exposure to textile materials using 6 different test options
Fade-Ometer test (AATCC 16)
___ must be continuous form the floor slab to the underside of the floor or roof slab above.
Fire barriers
NFPA 253
Flooring Radiant Panel Test
metal doors having a single smooth surface on both sides
Flush doors
types of finishes on gypsum wallboard have been standardized by the Gypsum Association and published in the Recommended Levels of Gypsum Board Finish.
GA-214-CCD
detects small current leaks and disconnects the power to the circuit or appliance
GFCI
The Masterformat system include what 3 parts
General Products Execution
this fire rated glazing must have been specifically tested for use in fire rated openings and approved by local authorities
Glass block
Fire-Resistance-Rated Glazing
Glass or other glazing material that has been tested as part of a fire-reistance-rated wall assembly according to ASTM E119
a broad class of products manufactured from high-strength, high-density gypsum reinforced with continuous filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers
Glass reinforced gypsum (GRG)
Characteristics of Wool
Good Resiliency Good Abrasion Resistance Good Soil and Stain resistance Poor resistance to sunlight Feels Warm and soft Poor resistance to mildew if damp or soiled Self extinguishing
The 2009 IBC allows egress to pass through a stockroom that serves __________ if four conditions are met.
Group M occupancy (mercantile)
GA
Gypsum Association
Gypsum finish level requires no taping, finishing, or accessories
Gypsum Level 0
Gypsum finish level require joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound with the surface free of excess joint compound.
Gypsum Level 1
Gypsum finish level requires All joints and interior angles have tape embedded in joint compound, and one separate coat of compound is applied over all joints, angles, fastener heads and accessories.
Gypsum Level 2
Gypsum finish level requires 2 coats of joint compound are used and the surface is free of tool marks and ridges
Gypsum Level 3
Gypsum finish level requires 3 coats of joint compound are used
Gypsum Level 4
Gypsum finish level requires a Thin skim coat of joint compound is applied over the entire surface
Gypsum Level 5
This type of extinguisher contains CFCs so it doesn't damage the contents of the room with water
Halon (to be discontinued)
Occupancy Group H
Hazardous
the most common method of attaching a door to its frame
Hinges
this door is made of 1 or 3 plies of veneer on each side of a cellular inside. The frame is made of solid wood with larger blocks of solid wood where the latching hardware is located. has fire resistive capabilities
Hollow core doors
IES
Illuminating Engineering Society
Trim
Includes picture molds, chair rails, baseboards, handrails, door and window frames, and similar decorative or protective materials used in fixed applications
Occupancy Group I
Institutional
these pivots are required to keep tall doors form warping or to provide additional support to heavy doors
Intermediate pivots
When an occupant load from an accesory space exits through a primary space how is the occupant load calculated?
It must include the current occupant load + accessory space occupant load
Gypsum wall board trim requires edge trim without a back flange; good for installation after the wall board has been installed
L bead
Gypsum wall board trim requires finishing with joint compound
LC bead
Gypsum wall board trim for use with various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb. Does require finishing with joint compound
LK bead
___ must be provided at the top and bottom of every stairway.
Landings
metal door having an opening with metal slats to provide ventilation
Louvered doors
developed by the Construction Specification Institute to standardize the numbering and format of project-related information for use in specifying, cost estimating and data filing
Master Format system
Combustible
Material that will ignite and burn, either as flame or glow, and that undergoes this process in air at pressures and temperatures that might occur during a fire
Noncombustible
Material that will not ignite and burn when subjected to a fire.
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
Measures the amount of smoke given off by a flaming or smoldering material or finish.
In most cases, satisfying the requirements of Plumbing code are the responsibility of
Mechanical Engineer or Architect
Design and layout of a sprinkler system are the responsibility of
Mechanical engineer or fire protection contractor
Occupancy Group M
Mercantile
Occupant load greater than 1000 requires how many exits?
Minimum of 4 exits required
fire rated glazing consisting of 2 -3 layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them. When subjected to fire, the gel foams and turns opaque thus retarding the passage of heat.
Multi-layered tempered glass
the design and installation of fire sprinklers are governed by what test?
NFPA 13
Tests the door/glass openings
NFPA 252 NFPA 257 ASTM E119
Tests the floor finishes
NFPA 253 - floor radiant panel test ASTM D2859 - Methenamine pill test
tests the window coverings
NFPA 701
Visual alarms must comply with what test?
NFPA 72
this test governs the installation of fire doors
NFPA 80
List the 2 primary industry standard tests used in connection with fire rated doors:
NFPA 80 NFPA 252
NEC
National Electric Code - published by NFPA. Companion code to the IBC
NFPA
National Fire Protection Agency
NRTL
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
the panels are independent and can be removed or replaced individually
Non Progressive Partition system
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Stairway
One or more flights of stairs either exterior or interior with the necessary landings and platforms connecting them, to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one level to another
this door type is constructed of solid pieces of wood that frame various types of panels.
Panel doors
operating hardware used where required by building code for safe egress by a large number of people. includes push bars.
Panic Hardware
specialty glass made by passing a sheet of molten glass through rollers on which the desired pattern is pressed. Sight is diffused.
Patterned glass
a finish material made form various types of cementing compounds, fine aggregate and water
Plaster
this door types is hung on a top track and can be used where space is limited
Pocket sliding door
fabricated by placing the polymer film between 2 pieces of glass. the transparency can range from transparent to cloudy white.
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film glazing
the panels must be placed in sequence and removed in the reverse order. makes this system less flexible
Progressive partition system
used to operate a door that does not require automatic latching
Push plates and pull bars
accuracy is +/- 1/8" at 100 ft
REDM
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
Rates the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes and other building materials by testing, in a narrow test chamber, a sample piece with a controlled flame at one end. Glass-reinforced cement board = 0. Red oak flooring = 100.
Occupancy Group R
Residential
NFPA 265
Room Corner Test - determines the contribution of interior wall and ceiling coverings to room fire growth.
light absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within a liquid suspension film which is then sandwiched between 2 pieces of transparent conducive material. can range from clear to partially darkened to totally opaque
SPD glazing
Glass installed in hazardous locations, subject to human impact, must be
Safety Glazing (ie. tempered glass or laminated glass)
Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
Sample of the carpet is placed in a draft=protected cube and held in place with a metal plate with an 8" diameter hole. A timed methenamine pill is placed in the center and lighted. If the sample burns to within 1" of the plate, it fails the test
metal door containing one or more glass lights
Sash Doors
this type of door is used for its fire resistive properties as acoustical barriers, for security, and for their superior durability. Available with fire ratings of 20 minutes, 45 minutes and 90 minutes.
Solid core doors
NFPA 286
Standard Methods for Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of the Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth
NFPA 252
Standard Methods for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
NFPA 701
Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
ASTM C 1396
Standard Specification for Gypsum Board
ASTM D2859
Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
ASTM E662
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
ASTM E84
Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials - Steiner Tunnel Test
ASTM E119
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction Materials
NFPA 257
Standard for Fire Test for Window and Glass Block Assemblies
Occupancy Group S
Storage
The Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-fabricated Stretch Systems to Asses Surface Burning Characteristics
Stretch wall systems must comply with the requirements of ASTM E84 (steiner tunnel) or NFPA 286 (room corner test)
Flooring Radiant Panel Test
Tests sample of carpet in the normal horizontal position and measures the flame spread in a corridor or exitway under the influence of a fully developed fire in an adjacent space. Measures in watts per sq centimeter. Higher number = more resistant
ASTM E2573
The Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-fabricated Stretch Systems to Asses Surface Burning Characteristics
Flame Resistance
The ability to withstant flame impingement or give protection from it. This applies to individual materials as well as combinations of components when tested
Occupant Load Factor
The amount of floor area presumed to be occupied by one person
____________ is responsible for submitting the documents to the local building department, or AHJ.
The contractor
_____________ is responsible for calling the building inspector for inspections at appropriate times in order not to delay the work.
The contractor
___________ is responsible for making sure the project design complies with all applicable codes and regulations.
The designer
_____________ may work formally or informally with the local building department during design of the project.
The designer
Travel Distance
The distance that an occupant must travel from the most remote point in the occupied portions of the exit access in the occupied portions of the exit access to the entrance to the nearest exit
Fire-Resistance Rating
The period of time a building component such as wall, floor, roof, beam or column can confine a fire or maintain its structural integrity or both, when tested.
Fire-Protection Rating
The period of time an opening assembly, such as a door or window can confine a fire or maintain its integrity, or both, when tested. Must withstand fire exposure and thermal shock as would an assembly that required a fire-resistance rating, but it need not withstand heat transmission as walls, columns and floors do
Common Path of Egress Travel
The portion of an exit access that the occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits become available
Exit Discharge
The portion of the egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way.
Exit
The portion of the egress system that provides a protected path of egress between the exit access and the exit discharge. Fully enclosed and protected from all other interior spaces by fire-resistance-rated construction with protected openings
Exit Access
The portion of the means of egress that leads to the entrance of an exit
Gross Floor Area
This area calculation includes stairs, corridors, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms, closets and interior partition thickness or
Net Floor Area
This area calculation includes the space actually used for a given function such as a library's reading room
used where floor materials change at a door line, where hard surface is required for an automatic door bottom or where minor changes in level occur
Thresholds
TCNA
Tile Council of North America
this extinguisher type contains water or water based agents
Type A
This extinguisher type contains smothering chemicals like carbon dioxide, foam and halogenated agents
Type B
this extinguisher involved flammable liquids such as gas, solvents and paint
Type B
this extinguisher involved electrical equipment
Type C
this extinguisher involves combustible metals
Type D
List the 3 grades of wall covering
Type I - light duty, 7-13 oz/yd Type II - medium duty, 13- 22 oz/yd Type III - heavy duty, +22oz/yd
List the 5 types of constructions
Type I - most fire resistive Type II Type III Type IV Type V - least fire resistive
this extinguisher involves ordinary combustibles of paper, wood and cloth
Type a
Gypsum wall board trim where the edge of the metal is noticeable. does not require finishing with a joint compound
U bead
Standard for Safety for Air Leakage tests of Door Assemblies
UL 1784
Positive pressure fire testing uses what 3 standards:
UL10C NFPA 252 UBC 7-2
UL
Underwriters Laboratory
When two exits are required, they must be placed how far apart? (unsprinklered vs sprinklered)
Unsprinklered bldg separation ≥ 1/2 the diagonal dimension of the space served. Sprinklered bldg separation ≥ 1/3 the diagonal dimension of the space served.
Occupancy Group U
Utility
___ can not be tempered and does not qualify as safety glazing for hazardous locations.
Wire glass
glass with a mesh or wire sheet embedded int he middle. used primarily in fire-rated assemblies it not in a hazardous location.
Wire glass
this test determines the resistance of woven textile fabrics
Wyzeenbeek abrasion resistance test (ASTM D4157)
ASTM D4157
Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance test
Fully open doors and handrails can protrude
a maximum of 7" total into a corridor
Smoke developed index
a number representing the amount of smoke generated as a material burns in the test chamber
detectable warning
a surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn of hazards on a circulation path.
this stone finish has a flat, non reflective surface suitable for stair treads and other nonslip surfaces
abrasive or wet sand finish
typically small steel doors with frames that are opened using a thumb turn or a key
access doors
this door type is used to divide spaces or close very wide openings.
accordion folding doors
this fabric is flammable and doesn't wear well. has poor sunlight resistance
acetate
this fabric is resistant to sunlight but is flammable.
acrylic
duties and responsibilities of the designer in construction contract
acts as the owner's representative coordinates schedules for delivery and installation reviews shop drawings and submittals prepares change orders final inspection to determine milestone dates issues final certificate for payment
These 3 methods can be used to build a sound-resistant partition:
add mass to the wall place insulation within the stud cavity resilient channels
Standard Methods for Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of the Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth
addresses concerns with interior finishes that do not remain in place during testing according to the E84 tunnel test. evaluates the extent to which finishes contribute to fire growth in a room
a set amount of money estimated by the interior designer to cover a particular material, construction component, furnishings or piece of equipment when the cost for that material or item cannot be determined precisely at the time of estimating
allowance
NRTL (Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory)
an independent laboratory recognized by OSHA to test products to the specifications of applicable product safety standards
a formal, legally binding process for resolving disputes without litigation in a court of law
arbitration
senses when someone is in a room or an area within a field of coverage
area protection
duties and responsibilities of the owner in FFE contract
areas for the vendor to work access to the premises space for receipt, staging and inspection of materials temporary utilities needed for transportation of materials to area of work security
a single number summation of how effective a ceiling is in absorbing sound reaching it form over low partitions
articulation class
measures the performance of all the elements of a particular configuration working together. predicts the intelligibility of speech for a group of talkers and listeners
articulation index
a piece of hardware that drops a seal from the door to the floor or threshold as the door closes
automatic door bottom
devices that are mortised or surface applied to the bottom of the door to provide a sound or light seal.
automatic door bottom
this test detects bacteriostatic activity on textile materials
bacterial resistance test (AATCC 147)
utilizes veneer pieces trimmed to equal widths in each panel
balance match
this specification calls out a proprietary material or product but allows the substitution of other products that the contractor things are equal to the one stated
base bid specification
span the longer distances and are framed into the girder
beam
large members span between columns and smaller beams are framed into them
beam and girder system
What is the purpose of the interior designer's observation during construction?
become familiar with the progress and quality of work guard the owner against deficiencies and defect in the work determine progression of construction to match drawings
this door type is also used for closets and allows full access
bi-folding doors
Project manual is separated into what 4 parts
bidding requirements parts of the contract general and supplementary conditions technical specifications
the capability of a material to rsist adhesion or sticking between 2 surfaces of a wall covering
blocking resistance
panels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted
blueprint matching
this matching veneer technique uses veneers that are sliced off the log and every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves from a symmetrical grain patterns.
book matching
These are the 3 primary ways sound can be controlled within a space:
by reducing the level of loudness of the sound source by modifying the absorption in the space by introducing non-intrusive background sound to mask the unwanted sound
this test is made by placing a standard mass of calcium chloride below a plastic cover and sealing it to the concrete floor.
calcium chloride test
this object protection detects when metal objects are touched
capacitance proximity detectors
concrete is poured into forms where it hardens before the forms are removed
cast in place concrete
single number measure of the transmission loss through ceiling tiles between two closed rooms where there is no wall or other barrier above the suspended ceiling
ceiling attenuation class (CAC)
There are 5 important factors in designing for speech privacy in an open area. All must be present to achieve the optimum acoustic environment
ceiling must be highly absorptive area must include space dividers surfaces must be designed to minimize sound reflection activities should be distanced the area should have a properly design background masking system
Although absorptive materials can be placed anywhere, ___ for sound absorption is more effective in large rooms, while ____ is more effective in small rooms.
ceiling treatment wall treatment
these pivots allow the door to swing in either direction and are completely concealed
center hung pivots
an even number of veneer leaves of uniform width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel
center match
a document authorizing a variation from the original contract documents that involves a change in contract price, time or bother
change order
a written agreement among the owner, contractor and interior designer concerning the extent of the change and its cost and schedule implications
change order
material remaining from incomplete combustion
char
an enclosed vertical space used only to accommodate ducts or pipes.
chase
consists of 2 runs of studs separated by several inches, the exact dimension being determined by the largest pipe or duct that has to be concealed
chase wall
NFPA 260
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components
Standard methods of tests and classification system for cigarette ignition resistance of components of upholstered furniture
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components
this standard tests the resistance of upholstered furniture components, separately to flame and cigarette ignition
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components (NFPA 260)
NFPA 261
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites
Standard test method for cigarette ignition resistance of mock-up upholstered furniture assemblies
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites (NFPA 261)
this standard tests the resistance of a seat cushion mock up to a lighted cigarette
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites (NFPA 261)
a demand or assertion by the contractor or owner seeking payment of money an extension of time an adjustment or interpretation of the contract terms
claim
_ are required on fire rated doors.
closers
controls the distance a door can be opened and thereby protect the door and the surrounding construction from damage. returns the door to a closed position
closers
the ratio of the sound intensity absorbed by the material to the total intensity reaching the material. ranges from 0 - 1.
coefficient of absorption
measurement of the degree of slip resistance of a floor surface and ranges from 0 - 1. 1 = less slippery, 0 = extremely slippery
coefficient of friction
contains a fir and limits its spread both to allow building occupants to ecapse and to protect other parts of the building that are not initially subject to the fire
compartmentation
is comprised of concrete members space 24-36" apart
concrete joist system
Many materials by themselves do not create a fire-rated barrier. It is the ____ of which they are a part that is fire resistant.
construction assembly
a written order prepared by the interior design directing a change in the work before the owner and contractor agree on an adjustment in contract cost, time or both
construction change directive
gives the owner a way to unilaterally order changes to the contract without changing the terms of the contract
construction change directive
views seen as though a building were cut horizontally about 4' above the floor with the top section removed
construction plan
The 3 elements to smoke control:
containment exhaust dilution
Fire partitions must provide a ___; extend from the floor to the underside of the floor or roof slab above or to the ceiling of a fire resistance rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly.
continuous barrier
the period from the starting date established in the agreement to the time of substantial completion, including any authorized adjustments
contract time
a coil unit where hot water is circulated
convector
uses multiple oblique photographic images of an object taken at different angles
convergent photogrammetry
a machine used to cut a small opening in a concrete floor for conduit or poke-through electrical outlets
core drill
in a high rise building, the wall generally used as part of the structure of the building and surrounding the common building services, such as elevators and stairway shafts, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms etc
core wall
use this type of flooring where acoustical control of a high degree of resilience is desired
cork
an association of individuals, created by statutory requirements, having an existence independent from its members; financially and legally independent form its stockholders
corporation
this fabric has good tensile strength and moderately good abrasion resistance; poor resilience and degrades with prolonged sunlight exposure. subject to mildew
cotton
a stud above a door opening or below a windowsill
cripple stud
a materials resistance to the transfer of color from a wallcovering surface when rubbed
crocking resistance
have sides whose shape is a curve, the inside arc cannot be less than twice the required width of the stair
curved stairway
this provides better resiliency and comfort in a carpet. It helps with sound absorption and lessens impact noise
cushion
this load type includes columns, beams, exterior and interior walls, floors, lighting and mechanical equipment
dead load
the vertical loads due to the weight of the building and any permanent equipment
dead loads
light-gage sheets of steel that are ribbed, fluted or otherwise stiffened by shape for use in constructing a floor or roof
decking
the detention of a ship in port by the ship owner or of a railroad car, truck , beyond the time normally allowed or agreed upon
demurrage
List the 3 performance criteria for foam cushioning
density indentation load deflection support ratio
a type of performance specification that give detailed written requirements for the material of product and the workmanship required for its fabrication and installation
descriptive specification
List the 2 major parts of a project schedule
design time construction and installation time
The ADAAG guidelines only require ___ at vehicular lodaing platforms.
detectable warnings
NFPA
develops standards related to the causes and prevention of destructive fires
used to convert future costs to their equivalent present values
discount rate
ANSI
does not develop or write standards. Approves standards developed by other organizations and works to avoid duplications between different standards
If two or more exits are required, the total width must be divided such that the loss of any one means of egress
does not reduce the available capacity to less than 50% of the required capacity
used along the edge of doors to provide tight seals against smoke, light and sound. used on the head and jamb sections
door seals
blasts the material with abrasive grit or glass beads to wear away a defined area
dry etching
The advantages of terrazzo
durability water resistance ease of cleaning fire resistance variety in color and patterns
Advantages of tiles
durability water resistance if glazed ease of installation and cleaning fire resistant fade resistant stores heat for passive solar collection
when a load is applied suddenly or changes rapidly
dynamic load
Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship
easy to set up total management control by owner tax advantages
determines the moisture content of the concrete by measuring conductance and capacitance
electrical impedance
the interception of sound and electromagnetic signals with remote sensing devices
electronic surveillance
fire rated glazing that meets the impact safety standards of both the ANSI Z97.1 and 16 CFR 1201 T
empered fire-protective glass
stainless steel finish produced by dry or wet methods
etched finishes
there is a point at which a great deal of additional time is required to make marginal progress toward perfection
excess perfection syndrome
tkes the total fee the design wil lreceive for the project and allocated it to the schedule and staff memebrs who will work on the project, after deductinf amount sfor profit, overhead and other expenses that will not be used for professional time
fee projection
this stone finish has a smooth surface free from scratches with no sheen
fine rubbed finish
the property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protetcion from it
fire resistance
a door assembly that has been tested by an independent laboratory to determine that it is capable of withstanding a measured temperature wihtout failure for a set period of time
fire-rated door
foams with an ILD rating of 25 - 50 are considered _
firm
The initial amount of money required to purchase and install a product.
first cost
responds to infrared or UV radiation given off by flames
flame detector
What is a disadvantage of the rise of temp detector?
flame is usually present before the alarm temperature is reached
the ability to withstand flame impingement or give protection from it
flame resistance
Flammability test for finish materials determine the following:
flammability of materials when heat is applied or combustion rate degree of flammability how much smoke and toxic gas the material produces when ignited
capable of burinig with a flame and subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion
flammable
the floor slab is designed and reinforced to transfer loads directly to the columns which generally don't exceed 25' spacing
flat plate construction
drop panels are used to increase strength in the columns
flat slab construction
consists of two or more plastic insulated conductors encased in a continuous spiral -wound strip of steel tape. Often used in remodeling work to connect commercial light fixtures so they can be relocated
flexible metal-clad cable
a series of 2 or more risers between 1 floor or landing and the next
flight
standard type of glass used in common windows and other applications where additional strength or other properties are NOT required
float glass
Demountable partitions consist of what 4 components
floor runner ceiling runner stud sections with clips to hold the panels pre-finished gypsum wallboard panels
List the 3 most common types of metal doors:
flush sash louvered
the face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame
flush construction
the front of the door overlaps the face frame of the cabinet leaving only the doors and drawers visible
flush overlay
a flat, smooth surface with the edges butted together or joined with a reveal; built up of wood veneers
flush paneling
this door type is made of very thin, flat veneers laminated to various types of cores
flush wood doors
the manufacturer pays for loading the goods on a truck or train
free on board (FOB)
the number of cycles completed per second and is measured in hertz
frequency
Standard method of test for fire characteristics of upholstered furniture exposed to flaming ignition source
full seating test (NFPA 266)
this test evaluates the effect of an open flame on an actual sample of a chair.
full seating test (NFPA 266)
NFPA 266
full seating test (strictest test for furniture)
Criteria for the selection of materials can finishes can be classified into 5 groups:
function durability maintainability safety/health cost
What do FF&E contracts typically cover?
furniture appliances rugs lamps accessories
embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl
fusion bonding