Professional Identity

Reflective practitioners

Consciously think about and evaluates their own professional actions and strive to improve their practice based on this reflection

The theoretical approach that is founded in the belief that clients are the experts of their own lives and counselors should help clients rewrite the narrative of their lives is

Constructivist theory

When counselors work with other professionals to help them improve the service they provide, that is an example of counselor as

Consultant

Which of the following statements is true about counselors and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)? HIPPA requires security of hard copies of information only Counselors must abide by all HIPPA regulations Counselors engage in privileged communication with their clients. Therefore, HIPPA regulations do not apply HIPPA applies only to counselors in private practice

Counselors must abide by all HIPPA regulations

One of the personality traits that is useful for counselors to possess is the ability to tolerate ambiguity. Which statement most accurately describes this trait?

Counselors must be comfortable living with uncertainty and allowing their clients time and space to sort through complex problems without definitive answers

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about informing clients of the results of tests?

Counselors must consider cultural factors when giving test results to clients

When counselors write grant proposals to seek funding to support their programs, they should do all of the following EXCEPT Specify how programmatic objectives will be met Identify specific programmatic objectives that the funds will be used to support Target grant opportunities that align with the mission and goals of their program Develop a budget that does not include a salary or fee for the counselor, since that would be a conflict of interest

Develop a budget that does not include a salary or fee for the counselor, since that would be a conflict of interest

In general, research shows that counselors report that thy like all of the following characteristics of their jobs EXCEPT Feeling responsible for people's lives Helping clients grow and change Using their therapeutic expertise Learning about many different types of people

Feeling responsible for people's lives

The Personality Dimension that is used to describe whether human beings are able to make their own decisions and choices in the world is

Freedom vs. Determinism

Understanding who were the participants in a research study is important for counselors because the selection of participants directly affects the study's

Generalizability

Practitioner-scientist is the term used to describe counselors who

Use existing research to inform their practice

Which is NOT a common type of source to reference in a graduate research paper? Books Journals Wikipedia Professional websites

Wikipedia

A major impetus for the proliferation of tests and the status of the testing movement was

World War I, and the development of the Army Alpha & Army Beta

Research shows that counselors who have participated in their own counseling at some point in their careers typically have

A better understanding of their own interpersonal functioning

According to the World Health Organization's definition, health is _____

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

"Emma's World" is a(n)

A virtual world that can allow counselors to practice treating a wide variety of stress-based disorders

Counselors who wish to incorporate wellness counseling into their work recognize that all of the following factors come into play EXCEPT _____ Even counselors who focus on wellness need to know how to speak the language of psychiatry and clinical psychology to communicate about clients Counseling has both the historical background and current perspective that makes a wellness approach align with much of the mainstream thinking in the field A wellness focus is more widely accepted by insurance companies and is therefore the only way that counselors in private practice can get paid A wellness philosophy does not preclude treating mental disorders, but it suggests that utilizing existing strengths and improving overall wellness will be more effective than focusing only on the disorder

A wellness focus is more widely accepted by insurance companies and is therefore the only way that counselors in private practice can get paid

The three global trends identified by the authors that will have an effect on counseling are

Advances in technology, changes in healthcare, and increasing diversity

The style of professional writing that is used in the field of counseling is

APA

Nationally,

About 20% of college students seen in college counseling centers have significant psychological problems, a dramatic increase from previous decades

When counselors learn to think like researchers, they

Adopt an investigative and inquisitive approach about their clients and the best ways to help them

The "3 P's of receiving feedback" include all of the following EXCEPT Agree to Probability (decide to what degree you agree with the feedback) Agree to Principle (agree to the underlying principle that you share) Agree to be Professional (adopt a professional demeanor when receiving feedback Agree in Part (find a part of the feedback that you can accept)

Agree to be Professional (adopt a professional demeanor when receiving feedback

Stage models of development are based on all of the following EXCEPT All developmental models end at adulthood, when primary development stops and people move from a regular growth trajectory to a much more diffuse approach that is unique to each person The models provide general understanding of development, but may not be quite as tidy as they appear on paper when applied to individuals. In general, conquering each stage of development is a prerequisite for moving to the next Understanding someone within the context of their current development stage is necessary to get a complete understanding of who they are

All developmental models end at adulthood, when primary development stops and people move from a regular growth trajectory to a much more diffuse approach that is unique to each person

A holistic approach to wellness primarily means understanding that _____ It may require several different interventions to help make substantive changes in a person's life Body, mind, and spirit are interrelated Changes to one aspects of a person's life affect other parts of his/her life as well All of the above

All of the above

According to FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act), school counselors Must provide parents access to their child's records Cannot provide information from a student's educational record to others Can share student's information with third parties in emergency situations All of the above

All of the above

Career counseling is considered a fundamental component of counseling because Career choice and satisfaction are frequently tied to self-esteem and overall wellness A person's mental health problems can have a significant impact on his/her job and career performance Job stress and dissatisfaction can lead to significant mental health problems All of the above

All of the above

Counselor as Prevention Specialist helps clients Encourage healthy development through the lifespan Take a practice, rather than reactive, approach to their wellness Build resilience All of the above

All of the above

Counselors in private practice Will have to pay at least part of their income to cover office expenses and overhead Need to find ways to get appropriate referrals Must know something about business and financial decisions All of the above

All of the above

Dual relationships in counseling Are inappropriate if they exploit the client financially, sexually or personally Can result in power from the counseling relationship being transferred to the non-therapeutic relationship Can effect the counselor's ability to be objective All of the above

All of the above

For the counselor, which of the following is/are effective methods to demonstrate leadership at work? Knowing and implementing best practices that have been validated through research Developing and implementing programs that are intended to address major problems within the client population served by the school or agency Knowing the standards of the profession and comparing it to the practices at the school or agency, and calling attention to discrepancies that might harm clients All of the above

All of the above

In graduate programs in counseling, multicultural counseling/cultural diversity Is often taught as a separate course as well as infused in the curriculum One of the eight core areas required by CACREP Typically includes both classroom and experiential approaches All of the above

All of the above

Some of the modern day influences of Carl Rogers include Motivational Interviewing, a person-centered approach that focuses on client ambivalence Play therapy, an application of Rogerian conditions to children The introduction of relationship-enhancing skills (empathy, congruence) as the basic skills taught in all counseling programs All of the above

All of the above

Supervision of beginning counselors is intended to do all/which of the following? Serve as a gatekeeper to the profession Monitor the quality of the counseling services provided by the supervisee Provide opportunities for more senior members of the profession to guide and mentor new professionals All of the above

All of the above

The benefits of professional counseling licensure include Proof of competency to consumers of counseling Consistency for minimum standards of competency Enhancement of the standing of the profession All of the above

All of the above

The consideration of whether to employ a particular technique in counseling is based on Whether the counselor is qualified to implement the intervention Whether research has demonstrated the technique to be appropriate for the client's problem Whether the approach or intervention is acceptable to the client All of the above

All of the above

The purpose of ethical standards in counseling is To protect clients and consumers of counseling To limit government interference in the regulation of the profession To protect members of the counseling profession All of the above

All of the above

There is increasing attention being paid to eclectic/integrative counseling because No single theory works for all clients and problems No single theory has emerged as superior to others Common factors are better predictors of outcome than any particular theory All of the above

All of the above

When counselors conduct an assessment interview, they typically include Substance abuse history Information about the history of the problem, including severity and frequency Developmental history, including school problems, and important developmental milestones All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following applications of technology can be used in counseling? Video playback of counseling sessions for new counselors to monitor their progress Video playback of an interaction of a couple so they can see the unproductive patterns that they fall into during a fight A hand-held electronic device to deliver prompts and reminders to clients All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following can be important and appropriate sources of assessment information for clients? Reports from family members Behaviors of the client during the session Results of test given to the client All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following have been identified as reasons that people fear self-disclosure? Fear of admitting to ourselves who we really are Fear of embarrassment Fear of rejection All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is/are an appropriate strategy to help a counselor investigate the effectiveness of his/her own counseling? A school counselor tracks the number of times students in her anger management group get in fights on the playground before and after an intervention A mental health counselor tracks her clients self-reported depression level at regular intervals throughout treatment A rehabilitation counselor tracks his clients self-efficacy about finding a job before and after an intervention All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following represents the best type of published research for counselors to read in order to improve their practice? Effectiveness studies Efficacy studies Qualitative research All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements is/are true about minority groups and mental health? There is a higher prevalence of mental disorders among Hispanic Americans than among non-Hispanic White Americans There is a higher prevalence of mental disorders among African Americans than non-Hispanic White Americans African Americans and Hispanic Americans are far less likely to receive outpatient mental health services than non-Hispanic White Americans All of the above

All of the above

All of the following have been identified as important personality traits for counselors to possess in order to be effective EXCEPT An extraverted personality A belief that people can change A strong respect for the clients A sense of humor

An extraverted personality

In order to give informed consent, a client must have all of the following EXCEPT Voluntariness Capacity Comprehension Appropriate goals

Appropriate goals

When compared to their heterosexual peers, LGBT teens

Are far more likely to attempt suicide

The practitioner-scientist model describes counselors who

Are primary consumers of research who use research to inform practice

All of the following are key ethical principles applied to assessment EXCEPT Results of any specific test must be taken in context and compared with other knowledge and information about the client Not all published tests are necessarily reliable and/or valid, and counselors must understand the quality of any test before using it Just because a specific test falls with a counselor's legal scope of practice does not mean that she/he is qualified to use it As long as tests are used for instructional purposes and not for financial gain, it is okay to photocopy them for use

As long as tests are used for instructional purposes and not for financial gain, it is okay to photocopy them for use

Which of the following is true about the developmental models as they apply to counselors-in-training?

Beginning counseling students often want more structure and more answers than students later in their programs

Counselors who are "feelers" (rather than thinkers) may have a strength in their ability to be empathetic, but they may struggle with _____

Being objective

Which of the following statements is most true about testing? Counselors seldom use either standardized or nonstandardized assessments Standardized tests are better than nonstandardized assessments because they are objective Both standardized and nonstandardized assessments can provide valuable and useful information about clients Nonstandardized assessments are better thatn standardized tests because they provide information and a depth of perspective about clients that cannot be gleaned from standardized tests

Both standardized and nonstandardized assessments can provide valuable and useful information about clients

When interpreting test results, it is most important that counselors make determinations about the client

By putting the information in context and comparing the client's test results to a group of people similar to the client

The Five Factor (or Big Five) Theory of Personality includes

Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experiences (OCEAN)

Effective counseling

Can be conducted in a variety of settings and environments, depending on the needs of the client or the situation

The use of silence by counselors during a counseling session

Can promote the client's introspection and places responsibility for the session content on the client

Involuntary clients are

Clients who do not wish to participate in the counseling process but are mandated to do so

The three major theoretical positions in counseling have historically been

Cognitive/Behavioral, Psychodynamic, Humanistic/Existential

All of the following statements are true about the rise of eclectic/integrative theories EXCEPT Eclectic/Integrative approaches support only counseling interventions that have a large body of research support for their effectiveness More than 75% of practicing counselors say they are eclectic or integrative in their approach The push toward evidence-based interventions feeds the rise of eclectic/integrative approaches The popularity of cognitive approaches is because there is a lot of research to support the effectiveness of these interventions

Eclectic/Integrative approaches support only counseling interventions that have a large body of research support for their effectiveness

The first phase of counseling, the overarching purpose is to

Establish the counseling relationship

When counselors are hired by prosecutors or defendants to provide input on legal cases, they are operating in the role of

Expert witness

The authors of the text recommend working to give up all of the following patterns in daily conversation EXCEPT Give up advice giving Give up being a cheerleader Give up using silence Give up one-upmanship

Give up using silence

Treatment planning

Gives clients a clear direction for next steps, goals and expected path for the intervention

Which of the following were identified in the reading as the most appropriate places to start a web-based search for scholarly research in counseling?

GoogleScholar or EBSCOhost

Emotional wellness means _____

Having the ability to be aware of and appropriately express one's feelings

Which of the following might be an appropriate intervention for a professional counselor?

Help clients learn skills and assertiveness to speak with their medical doctor about their concerns with a medication side effects

The belief that people inherently wish for things to remain the same, to maintain the status quo, is

Homeostasis

One of the most compelling reasons not to give advice in counseling is

If you give advice, you send a message that the client is unable to come up with his/her own answers

The counseling environment where clients receive intensive 'round the clock care is

Inpatient unit

The relationship between counselor and client during assessment is

Is as critically important to the assessment process as it is during any point in the counseling relationship

Feedback given to others is most helpful when it

Is directed at a behavior the receiver can do something about

Some of the strategies for determining the quality of information on websites include all of the following EXCEPT Determine the author's credentials and potential biases Understand the implications of the website's domain designation Look at the timeliness of the information Make sure there are lots of links to lots of other websites included

Make sure there are lots of links to lots of other websites included

The three main limits to confidentiality for counselors include all of the following EXCEPT child abuse Danger to self Correct! Medicaid fraud Danger to others

Medicaid fraud

The helping profession that has the longest history of licensure and regulation in the US is

Social Work

Counselors know that sexual relationships with clients are specifically forbidden by the ethical codes of the profession. Which of the following statements is/are true about sexual relationships between counselors and clients?

More than 90% of counselors admit to sexual attraction to at least one of their clients

In order to be effective, counselors

Must make deliberate and intentional decisions to understand, confront, and then work to eliminate the stereotypes they hold

The idea that the brain changes and adapts to its' environment is called

Neuroplasticity

Which of the following statements is true about the current status of career counseling? It has not professed much since the days of Frank Parsons It is typically handled during high school and is seldom relevant to adults It is simply a matter of matching the person to the right career None of the above

None of the above

Research results that are statistically significant tell the reader

That the findings in the research represent a significant departure from what could be considered by chance alone

An example of a type of counseling specialization based on an intervention or technique is

Play therapy

The Personality Dimension that is used to describe whether change occurs from within the individual or from outer circumstances that control human behavior is

Proactivity vs. Reactivity

Which of the following statements is/are true about the role of personal values in professional ethics

Professional ethics must be upheld, regardless of the personal values and beliefs of the counselor

Which of these statements is/are true when describing the role that socio-economic status plays in counseling?

Research has found extremely strong correlations between poverty and mental illness

One of the important "take home" messages from the examples of how counselors might engage in their own research is

Research into one's own counseling need not be complex, but requires an investigative approach to assessing the outcomes of one's counseling

According to the ACA and ASCA, the counselor's primary ethical responsibility is to

Respect the dignity and welfare of clients and students

Academic articles are

Rigorous, scholarly works that go through an extensive review process

Group Counseling

Rose dramatically in popularity in the 1960's and 1970's, when people were feeling increasingly alienated from society and yearned for personal connection

When counselors are negatively affected by the difficult stories that they hear from clients, or the effects of violence or destruction they see, that is an example of

Secondary trauma

Some of the strategies recommended to maintain your wellness as a counseling student include _____

Seek counseling for yourself to help you reduce stress and enhance well-being

The Multicultural Counseling Competencies require counselors to actively engage in becoming culturally skilled counselors through these three major categories

Self-understanding, understanding of the client, development of appropriate and culturally sensitive intervention strategies

The so-called "Big Three" mistakes in testing involve ignoring (or failing to accurately assess)

Severe mental disorders, substance abuse and violence/self-harm

All of the following statements are true about Social Workers EXCEPT: Social workers advocate on behalf of clients Social workers are typically better trained than counselors to understand the environmental, social and economic forces that impact clients To practice independently, Social Worker's must have a master's degree Social workers are typically better trained than counselors in individual and group therapy techniques.

Social workers are typically better trained than counselors in individual and group therapy techniques.

If a counselor suspects a colleague of an ethical violation, the first step is typically

Speak to the colleague directly to see if he/she is aware of the violation and willing to correct it

Structured instruments that have been developed by rigorous criteria that yield results that can be compared to other individuals are called

Standardized tests

The "self-directed" learning that occurs during graduate school typically involves

Taking more responsibility for your own learning

Which of the following has been identified by the American School Counseling Association as an inappropriate role for school counselors?

Teaching classes when teachers are absent

From the list below is NOT true of Peer-reviewed journal articles? They assume a good understanding of the language, and the field from their readers. The writing is formal and will include references and citations. They are written by scholars, for scholars. The articles will always demonstrate a strong author opinion or bias.

The articles will always demonstrate a strong author opinion or bias.

Research on the common factors that transcend all counseling theories demonstrates

The best predictor of client success can be attributed to factors in the counselor-client relationship

When a counselor considers whether a client should be hospitalized, all of the following are used to determine when, where, and if the client should be hospitalized EXCEPT The least restrictive environment necessary for the client's recovery or safety The client's danger to self or others The client's refusal to go to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the problem The client's insurance coverage or ability to pay

The client's refusal to go to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the problem

Counselors are at risk for burnout because _____

The high emotional demands of the profession can lead to emotional and physical exhaustion

One of the benefits that the counseling relationship has over talking with friends or family members is

The objectivity of the counselor means that clients are free to explore their options without pressure to follow a certain path

Which of these statements is most accurate when describing the religious/spiritual life of Americans? More than half of all Americans say that they do not belong to any religious affiliation Most Americans say they have left the religious faith of their childhood to practice a different religion The religious/spiritual life of Americans can best be described as "diverse and extremely fluid." More than half of all Americans self-identify as part of a religion other than Christianity

The religious/spiritual life of Americans can best be described as "diverse and extremely fluid."

Deinstitutionalization was sparked by, among other reasons,

The rise in the use and efficacy of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications

The definition of "empathy" that most closely matches what counselors should strive for is: _____

Understanding the client's meanings and feelings and being able to communicate that understanding to the client

Counselors are considered impaired when _____

Their physical, mental, or emotional issues seem likely to harm a client or other

Which statement about periodical databases is FALSE? They always contain citations They often specialize in a subject or type of material They allow you to search for articles by subject They always include abstracts or full text

They always include abstracts or full text

The term that is used to describe the counselor's own unresolved conflicts from the past is _____

Unfinished business

All of the following are appropriate steps for new counselors to take to help determine their preferred theoretical stance EXCEPT They should consider the research evidence of the theory They should engage in self-examination to help understand which theory or theories match with their beliefs about human nature They should select a theory that can last their entire professional careers, since most counselors do not change their theoretical approach during their careers They should read and learn about the theories, withholding judgment as they expose themselves to the ideas

They should select a theory that can last their entire professional careers, since most counselors do not change their theoretical approach during their careers

According to research, counseling professionals _____

Typically engage in a long, slow process of professional development over the course of their entire careers

A private practice

Typically takes 3-5 years to establish

Racial identity development models help people

Understand a general trajectory of the role of race in their lives

Carl Rogers talked about the need for counselors to attend to their ever-changing personhood. In this context, what is meant by the term? _____

Understanding of self, being aware of who you are, including subjective experiences and feelings

Counselor self-disclosure is

Used sparingly, and only if it helps the client

When reading material for graduate courses, all of the following strategies have been demonstrated to be effective EXCEPT: Use multicolored tabs or highlighters to make important points easier to find for review Wait until after class to read the material, as the instructor will point out important information that you should pay attention to in the reading Take notes on reading, writing important points or reactions to the topic in the margins Pay particular attention to the introduction and summaries, as these often contain important summaries or highlight important parts

Wait until after class to read the material, as the instructor will point out important information that you should pay attention to in the reading

The seminal research by Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) concluded that at the end of treatment, the average client in therapy

Was better off than about 80% of the untreated control group

The document that allows a counselor to practice in a particular state is

a counseling license issued by the state

Among the ACA assessment competencies required of all counselors is

a working knowledge of statistical concepts in testing

Students who are passive learners, sitting quietly and taking notes in class Miss out on the opportunity to test out their ideas in a public forum Deprive other students of their insights and perspectives Can be perceived by faculty as disinterested or disengaged all of the above

all of the above

An example of a type of counseling specialization based on a client problem or population is

career counseling

Ongoing learning for professional counselors that takes place after graduate education has been completed is part of the ethics code of the profession, as well as, state licensure and certification laws. The term for this type of learning is

continuing education units

The belief that one's own culture is the standard by which other cultures are judged is called

ethnocentrism

Which of the following is NOT one of the core areas of the counseling curriculum, as required by CACREP?

gerontological counseling

Contemporary definitions of professional identity typically highlight all of these themes, EXCEPT membership in a professional community Self-Labeling as a professional Integrating skills and attitudes as a professional having a private practice as a professional

having a private practice as a professional

A counselor experiences vicarious trauma by _____

hearing the problems and life difficulties of clients over time

The "Undoing Effect" is a technique used by strength based counselors to _____

help negate negative emotions

The term which best represents the idea that the domains of wellness interact with each other is _____

holism

The counseling environment typically used for clients who are imminently suicidal or homicidal is

inpatient unit

Martin Seligman's (2006) concept of _____ is a foundational concept of positive psychology.

learned optimism

The "Fourth Force" in Counseling is

multiculturalism

Giving counseling students an overview of the history and philosophy of the profession, as well as, an understanding of the current context within which counselors work, is the primary focus of which of the eight core curricular areas?

professional orientation and practice

The helping specialty that refers to medical doctors (MDs) who diagnose mental disorders and prescribe appropriate medications is

psychiatry

Multiculturalism has been called the "fourth force" in counseling, building on the three existing forces of

psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic counseling

Which of the following is/are true about the profession of psychology? Psychologists typically obtain a master's degree, practice for a few years, and then return to school to complete their PhD Psychology requires a doctoral degree to practice independently There are 3 major types of psychologists: counseling psychologists, research psychologists, and practice psychologists All of the above

psychology requires a doctoral degree to practice independently

The _____ of the state's counseling licensure law determines what activities are legally allowable for licensed counselors in that state.

scope of practice

The 20/20: Vision for the Future of Counseling is premised on the belief that

sharing a common professional identity is critical for counselors

The first counseling licensure law in the country was in Virginia in

the 1970's

Although helping others with their problems is as old as human history, the idea of having a professional sit down and talk with a client in a counseling relationship dates from

the late 1800's

The motivations for becoming a counselor have been conceptualized as falling into three main categories. Which of these has NOT been identified as one of the most common motivations that counseling students have _____ to do for others what I wish someone had done for me to help inspire others to make changes in their lives to do for others what someone has done for me to obtain the prestige and power of a graduate degree

to obtain the prestige and power of a graduate degree

Crisis counseling is

typically short term in nature

The two most important ways that counselors demonstrate the effectiveness of their counseling are

using interventions that have been validated by others and conducting one's own research