Professionalism in Computing Chapter 6
Employee Polygraph Protection Act
1988 Prohibits private employers from using lie detector tests under most conditions Cannot require test for employment
Covert Activities after 9/11
Continuation of World War II interception of international telegrams National Security Agency (1952) Expanded to telephone calls Kennedy Organized crime figures Cuba-related individuals and businesses Johnson and Nixon Vietnam war protesters Nixon War on drugs
OneDOJ database
Database being constructed by US Department of Justice Gives state and local police officers access to information provided by five federal law enforcement agencies Incident reports Interrogation summaries Other information not available through NCIC Criticisms <term> gives local police access to information about people who have not been charged with a crime There is no way to correct misinformation in raw police reports
Long-standing NSA access to telephone records
Edward Snowden leaked documents to the Guardian newspaper Guardian revealed Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court had ordered Verizon to provide NSA with all of its telephone metadata for 3-month period in 2013 (date, time, location, and length of call, but not contents of call) Guardian critique: NSA's mission now "focuses increasingly on domestic communications" May 2015: Federal court ruled NSA's program was illegal June 2015: Congress passed a reform, called the USA Freedom Act, requiring agencies to obtain a court order before accessing metadata
Census Records
Ensures every state has fair representation Number of questions steadily rising Sometimes <term> bureau has broken confidentiality requirement World War I: draft resistors World War II: Japanese-Americans
Provisions for the Patriot Act
Greater authority to monitor communications Greater powers to regulate banks Greater border controls New crimes and penalties for terrorist activity
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Health insurance companies Can't request genetic information Can't use genetic information when making decisions about coverage, rates, etc. Doesn't apply to life insurance, disability insurance, long-term care insurance Employers Can't take genetic information into account when hiring, firing, promoting, etc. Small companies (< 15 employees) are exempt
FBI National Crime Information Center
NCIC Collection of databases related to various crimes Contains > 39 million records Successes Helps police solve hundreds of thousands of cases every year Helped FBI tie James Earl Ray to assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Helped FBI apprehend Timothy McVeigh for bombing of federal building in Oklahoma City
Wiretaps and Bugs
Omstead v. United States wiretapping OK Federal Communications Act wiretapping made illegal Nardone v. United States wiretapping not OK FBI continues secret wiretapping Katz v. United States bugs not OK
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
Reduces amount of public information gathered from children Online services must gain parental consent before collecting information from children 12 and under
Fourth Amendment
Search and Seizure
What was the original purpose of Operation Shamrock? a) Intercept all international telegrams entering or leaving the United States b) Wiretap all calls made from public telephone booths c) Scan email messages to identify drug dealers d) Read all letters going between the United States and Ireland e) Identify Irish-Americans raising money for the IRA
a) Intercept all international telegrams entering or leaving the United States
The FBI's National Crime Information Center database ____________. a) contains more than 39 million records b) has information about every American citizen c) has never led to a false arrest d) is updated only once a week to give the FBI time to check the accuracy of the data e) All of the above
a) contains more than 39 million records
The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act ________. a) gives consumers the right to request a free copy of their credit report every year b) allows credit bureaus to sell personal financial information they have gathered c) makes it possible for a consumer to declare bankruptcy without harming his or her credit rating d) ensures that people with criminal convictions are still able to obtain credit e) All of the above
a) gives consumers the right to request a free copy of their credit report every year
According to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, which organization(s) cannot administer lie detector tests to job applicants? a) private employers b) local governments c) state governments d) federal government e) All of the above
a) private employers
The Video Privacy Protection Act _________. a) prohibits video stores from disclosing rental records without the written consent of the customer b) prohibits DVD manufacturers from installing software that sends reports over the Internet every time a DVD is played c) makes it legal to send "adult" DVDs through the mail without a warning label on the envelope d) prohibits the government from prosecuting minors who play "adult" DVDs in their own home e) All of the above
a) prohibits video stores from disclosing rental records without the written consent of the customer
The Census Bureau has not always kept confidential the information it has collected. According to the textbook, this became apparent ___________. a) during the Civil War b) after the attack on Pearl Harbor c) during the Vietnam War d) during the first Gulf War e) after September 11, 2001
b) after the attack on Pearl Harbor
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act __________. a) ensures that a consumer can keep the same health care provider even when he or she changes employers b) attempts to limit the exchange of information among health care providers to that information necessary to care for the patient c) ensures that a consumer can sue doctors and hospitals for medical malpractice d) ensures that doctors and hospitals can counter sue patients who file frivolous medical malpractice claims e) All of the above
b) attempts to limit the exchange of information among health care providers to that information necessary to care for the patient
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act ___________. a) applies to all private employers, but not state or federal agencies b) prohibits most employers from taking genetic information into account when making hiring, firing, promotion, or other employment-related decisions c) ensures a life insurance company cannot take genetic information into account when making a decision about underwriting a policy d) All of the above. e) None of the above.
b) prohibits most employers from taking genetic information into account when making hiring, firing, promotion, or other employment-related decisions
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution has to do with __________. a) freedom of speech and religion b) search warrants c) the right to bear arms d) quartering of soldiers in private homes e) self-incrimination
b) search warrants
After Congress ruled that wiretapping was illegal __________. a) the FBI ceased all wiretapping activity b) the FBI continued wiretapping people secretly c) the FBI convinced Congress to grant it an exemption from the ban d) the FBI began wiretapping every member of Congress e) the CIA took over the job of wiretapping U.S. citizens
b) the FBI continued wiretapping people secretly
The OneDOJ database ___________. a) is a new, national database that consolidates records from federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies b) will give state and local police officers access to information provided by five federal law enforcement agencies c) combines records from all U.S. governmental agencies into a single database that can be used by data mining by the FBI d) received the endorsement of the ACLU for its innovative privacy-protection measures. e) is the first database created by the U.S. government that completely implements the Code of Fair Information Practices.
b) will give state and local police officers access to information provided by five federal law enforcement agencies
Which of the following laws does not provide some sort of authorization for governmental wiretapping? a) Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act b) Electronic Communications Privacy Act c) Federal Communications Act d) Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act e) USA PATRIOT Act
c) Federal Communications Act
Which of the following is not one of the categories in Daniel Solove's taxonomy of privacy? a) information collection. b) information dissemination c) information filtering d) information processing e) invasion
c) information filtering
The Fair Credit Reporting Act _________. a) gives consumers the right to request a free copy of their credit report every year. b) ensures that information about criminal convictions does not haunt a consumer's credit report forever. c) is designed to promote the accuracy of credit reports. d) makes it possible for a consumer to declare bankruptcy without harming his or her credit rating. e) All of the above
c) is designed to promote the accuracy of credit reports.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act _________. a) gives students 18 years of age and older the right to review their educational records b) gives students 18 years of age and older the right to request corrections to errors in their educational records c) gives students 18 years of age and older the right to prevent educational records from being released without their permission, except under certain circumstances d) All of the above e) None of the above
d) All of the above
According to records leaked to the Guardian newspaper, which of the following kinds of information were not released by Verizon to the National Security Agency? a) Date of the telephone call b) Duration of the telephone call c) Location of the telephone making the call d) Recording of the conversation e) Time of the telephone call
d) Recording of the conversation
Which of the following precepts is NOT part of the Code of Fair Information Practices? a) There must be no personal data record-keeping systems whose very existence is secret. b) There must be a way for a person to find out what information about the person is in a record and how it is used. c) There must be a way for a person to correct or amend a record of identifiable information about the person. d) There must be a way for a person to collect damages for financial losses caused by incorrect information about that person stored in a data record-keeping system. e) There must be a way for a person to prevent information obtained for one purpose being used or made available for other purposes without the person's consent
d) There must be a way for a person to collect damages for financial losses caused by incorrect information about that person stored in a data record-keeping system.
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act __________. a) makes it illegal for an online service to request a credit card number from a child 17 years old and younger b) requires online services to create aliases for all customers who are 17 years old and younger c) makes it illegal for children 12 years and younger to participate in chat rooms d) requires online services to obtain parental consent before collecting any information from children 12 years old and younger e) All of the above
d) requires online services to obtain parental consent before collecting any information from children 12 years old and younger
The Financial Services Modernization Act __________. a) allows banks to offer insurance and stock brokerage services b) requires banks to disclose their privacy policies to consumers c) requires banks to inform consumers how they can "opt out" of having their confidential information released to other companies d) Requires banks to develop policies that will prevent unauthorized access of customers' confidential information e) All of the above
e) All of the above
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which U.S. governmental agency collected telephone call records of tens of millions of Americans without a court order? a) Central Intelligence Agency b) Department of Homeland Security c) Federal Bureau of Investigation d) Federal Communications Commission e) National Security Agency
e) National Security Agency
