Progress Test 2

In generalizing from a sample to the population, it is important that a. the sample be representative b. the sample be nonrandom c. the sample not be too large d. all of these conditions exists

a. the sample be representative

Which of the following BEST describes the hindsight bias? a. Events seem more plausible before they have occurred b. Events seem more predictable after they have occurred c. A person's intuition is usually correct d. A person's intuition is usually not correct

b. Events seem more predictable after they have occurred

Which of the following is true according to the text? a. Because laboratory experiments are artificial, any principles discovered cannot be applied to everyday behaviors b. No psychological theory can be considered a good one until it produces testable predictions c. Psychology's theories reflect common sense d. Psychology has few ties to other disciplines

b. No psychological theory can be considered a good one until it produces testable predictions

In a test of the effects of air pollution, groups of students performed a reaction-time task in a polluted or an unpolluted room. To what condition were students in the unpolluted room exposed? a. experimental b. control c. randomly assigned d. dependent

b. control

The procedure designed to ensure that the experimental and the control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the experiment's results is called a. variable controlling b. random assignment c. representative sampling d. stratification

b. random assignment

The set of scores that would likely be most representative of the population from which it was drawn would be a sample with relatively a. large standard deviation b. small standard deviation c. large range d. small range

b. small standard deviation

Illusory correlation refers to a. the perception that two negatively correlated variables are positively correlated b. the perception of a correlation where there is none c. an insignificant correlation d. a correlation that equals -1

b. the perception of a correlation where there is none

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a normal curve? a. The distribution is a bell shaped and symmetrical b. Most scores fall near the mean c. About 95 percent of all scores fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean d. The distribution describes many types of psychological data

c. About 95 percent of all scores fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean TWO standard deviations

To study the effects of lighting on mood, Dr. Cooper had students fill out questionnaries in brightly lit or dimly lit rooms. In this study, the independent variable consisted of a. the number of students assigned to each group b. the students' responses to the questionnaire c. the room lighting d. the subject matter of the questions

c. the room lighting

If a difference between two samples is NOT statistically significant which of the following can be concluded? a. the difference is probably not a true one b. the difference is probably not reliable c. the difference could be due to sampling variation d. All of these conclusions can be reached

d. All of these conclusions can be reached

Which statement about the ethics of experimentation with people and animals is FALSE? a. Only a small percentage of animals experiments use shock b. Allegations that psychologists routinely subject animals to pain, starvation and other inhumane conditions have been proven untrue c. The American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society have set strict guidelines for the care and treatment of humans and animals d. More animals are used in psychological research than are killed by human animal shelters

d. More animals are used in psychological research than are killed by human animal shelters

Which type of research would allow you to determine whether students' grades accurately predict later income? a. case study b. naturalistic observation c. experimentation d. correlation

d. correlation

In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, memory is the a. control condition b. intervening variable c. independent variable d. dependent variable

d. dependent variable

Which of the following research methods does NOT belong with the others? a. case study b. survey c. naturalistic observation d. experiment

d. experiment

The strength of the relationship between two vivid events will most likely be a. significant b. positive c. negative d. overestimated

d. overestimated

To prevent the possibility that a placebo effect or researchers' expectations will influence a study's results, scientists employ a. control groups b. experimental groups c. random assignment d. the double blind procedure

d. the double blind procedure