Project Management

All five members of a project team add 20% to their individual serial activities as a safety margin and submit their time estimates to the project manager. The manager adds the activity length estimates together and adds 20% for his personal safety margin. Then, anticipating a cut by top management, he adds another 20% to his final project estimate. Much to his surprise, top management leaves his project alone. How much of a cushion is now built into the project? ****** - 1.4

0.73

The sprint portion of the Agile Project Management process is targeted to last: ****** - 2.5 plus or minus 1.5 weeks - 7 plus or minus 1.5 weeks - 10 plus or minus 2 weeks - 5 plus or minus 1.5 weeks

2.5 plus or minus 1.5 weeks

In order to estimate completion of a Gaussian, or lognormal, distributed activity time with a 90% or higher degree of confidence, the time may be overestimated by as much as: ****** - 20%. - 160%. - 80%. - 200%.

200%.

Workers paid $15.00 per hour with an overhead charge of 1.45 and a personal time allowance of 1.15, have what total direct labor cost for an 8-hour work day? ****** - 236.8 - 200.1 - 151.3 - 174

200.1

Three workers complete a full 8-hour day finishing concrete for a terrace. All three workers are paid $12 an hour and the job bills to the customer for $450. What are the total direct labor costs? ****** - 288 - 96 - 12 - 450

288

A systems analyst is paid at the rate of $50/hour and will be needed for 40 hours. Her employer uses an overhead multiplier of 60% and does not factor in personal time. Her total direct labor cost should be billed at: ****** - 1250 - 4500 - 3200 - 2000

3200

Which statement regarding the duties of leaders and managers is best? ****** - Leaders embrace the status quo while managers support change. - A manager's title is bestowed by the organization. - Leaders aim for efficiency. - Managers aim for effectiveness.

A manager's title is bestowed by the organization.

Which of the following is normally not one of the traditional components of the triple constraint? ****** - Within performance (Scope, technology or quality) - Accepted by the customer - Within time - Within cost

Accepted by the customer

What is AC?

Actual Cost

In today's market, which of the following industries appears to have a need for project management? ****** - Construction - Information systems - All industries have a need for project management - Aerospace & defense

All industries have a need for project management

The project manager's role as an integrator of activities does not include integration of activities necessary to: ****** - All of above are PM roles - Develop the plan - Make changes to the plan - Execute the plan

All of above are PM roles

The project manager's role as an integrator of activities does not include integration of activities necessary to: ****** - Execute the plan - All of above are PM roles - Make changes to the plan - Develop the plan

All of above are PM roles

The statement of work should contain: ****** - a brief and general description of the work to be performed. - information on the key objectives for the project. - expected project outcomes. - All of these are elements of a statement of work.

All of these are elements of a statement of work.

What is BAC?

Budget at Completion

Which of the following statements about clients is best? ****** - Client refers to the entire customer organization. - Client groups tend to have similar agendas. - A single presentation is best when dealing with all client groups in an organization so that everyone hears exactly the same message. - Clients are concerned with receiving the project as quickly as they can possibly get it.

Clients are concerned with receiving the project as quickly as they can possibly get it.

What is CPI?

Cost Performance Index = EV / AC

What is CV?

Cost Variance = EV - AC

Which of the following is not a product/market stakeholder? ****** - Governments - Customers - Creditors - Suppliers

Creditors

Which of the following is not an organizational stakeholder? ****** - Executive officers - Employees - Unions - Customers

Customers

What is EV?

Earned Value = Complete % * BAC

What is EAC?

Estimate at Completion = BAC / CPI

What is ETC?

Estimate to Complete = EAC - AC

Which statement regarding project selection is best? ****** - Organizational reality can be perfectly captured by most decision-making models. - Before selecting any project, the team should identify all the relevant issues that play a role in project selection. - Every decision model has both objective and subjective factors. - Decision models must contain either objective or subjective factors.

Every decision model has both objective and subjective factors.

A backward pass is performed when it is necessary to undo some work that has been performed in order to complete it properly. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

A budget contingency of $1 million on a $10 million project means that the project will be planned for a cost of $10 million, but the project organization receives an extra $1 million to guard against unforeseen cost overruns. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

A project organization does not have functional departments. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

A project that is terminated by extinction is not completed successfully. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

A simplified scoring model is used to determine that project Cow has a score of 38 and project GiGi has a score of 30. Project Cow is therefore 26.7% better than project GiGi. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

A work package may be composed of one or more subdeliverables. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

An important element in critical chain scheduling is to change from a late-finish (procrastination) approach to an early-start approach. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

An order of magnitude estimate is usually more accurate than a ballpark estimate. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

As risk decreases in the project life cycle, opportunity increases. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

At a burst point in a backward pass, the largest succeeding late start becomes the late finish for that node. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Because resource management is typically a multivariate, combinatorial problem (i.e., one that is characterized by multiple solutions involving literally dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of activity variables) truly correct answers are not possible. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Closeout activities are typically among the highest priority activities in a project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Comparative estimates are more accurate than definitive estimates when applied to the same project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Developing vision and mission statements is an important tactical step in project management. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Finish to start lags are the same as additional activity slack. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Gantt charts cannot depict float. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

High turnover among project team members is a key element of success since new team members will bring fresh perspectives and ideas to the group. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

If an activity can be split, only the functional portion of the original activity needs to be accomplished for the project to be fully completed. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

In August 2012, after twenty years in development, the combination heart monitor-ashtray for hospital intensive care patients was finally terminated, a victim of the change in the social acceptability of smoking in general and in particular, smoking by hospital patients. This is an example of natural termination. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

In a resource constrained project, the work must be finished by a certain time, or date, as efficiently as possible. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

In general, a superordinate goal is a replacement goal for the goals of all functional groups involved in the project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Internal rate of return is preferable to net present value because IRR employs a weighted average cost of capital discount rate that reflects potential reinvestment. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Leadership is an innate characteristic that some people have and some don't. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Most companies are well suited to allow for successful completion of projects in conjunction with other ongoing corporate activities. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Negative float exists when a project's critical path has been completed more quickly than anticipated. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Networks are adaptable and useful for all scheduling challenges that an organization faces. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Once the organization elevates its constraint, its system has no constraint. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

One way to distinguish the two roles is to realize that leaders aim for efficiency while managers aim for effectiveness. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

PRAM (project risk analysis and management) should be conducted as a "one-shot" activity during the project planning phase. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Policies and procedures are examples of an organization's external environment. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Project sponsorship almost always resides at the executive levels ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Risk cannot be transferred because ultimately your own project will suffer the consequences if the event occurs. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Scope management is the function controlling a project in terms of its goals and objectives during the execution phase. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Since a project may get ahead of or fall behind schedule, a calendar date cannot be a milestone. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Someone with a polychronic preference functions in two different temporal orientations, such as past and present. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Stakeholder analysis looks at a project's customers and determines whether their needs are being met. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Successful project management does not require that people understand how to report to multiple bosses. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Successful project management firms rely on home runs and narrowly concentrated efforts since specialization creates name recognition and market share. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Summarizing and consensus testing are two group maintenance behaviors that a project manager uses to show support for project team members. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The Analytical Hierarchy Process elegantly addresses scaling issues in criteria and negative utility in alternative scores. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The actual carryover from one project to another is minimal because projects are unique, one-time events. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The behavioral view of conflict is that conflict has a negative effect on organizations. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The build, operate, transfer option for projects requires the project contractor to take initial ownership of the project in order to make sure it works, thus mitigating risk in the short run. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The classic S-curve is a plot of cumulative cost versus elapsed time in weeks. ****** - TRUE - FALSE - Does not have to be in weeks

FALSE

The critical chain is usually the same as the critical path. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The critical path may not contain a dummy activity. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The earned value of a project is the cumulative total costs incurred in accomplishing the various work packages. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The highest dollar value of reserves is typically task contingency. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The late start time should be calculated using a forward pass through the network. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The present value of money is lower the further out in the future I expect to spend it. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The probability that the investments made to fund the front-end activities will be lost due to project abandonment is financing risk. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The problem of resource underutilization that a project manager faces when managing a single project disappears in the multi-project environment. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The schedule performance index is the ratio of the actual cost to the earned value. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The scope baseline is a document that provides a summary description of each reporting relationship along with a schedule for meetings and reports. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

The term capacity constraint buffer refers to a safety margin separating different tasks scheduled to use the same resource. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

There is a tendency for different departments or functions to compete for scarce resources in a zero-sum game when bottom-up budgeting is used to develop a project budget. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

When negotiating, it is important to remember that for every position, there are usually several alternatives that can satisfy it. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Your organization is in the midst of a project in uncharted waters; nothing you have attempted before comes close to many of the activities that are necessary to bring this project to completion. Your earned value management should probably be tracked closely with a percentage complete rule in increments of 5 to 10 percent. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

FALSE

Which of the following is not one of the PMBOK? Guide's five process groups? ****** - Feasibility studies - Planning - Closure - Execution

Feasibility studies

Which of the following is a potential benefit of using project management? ****** - Maximization of continuous reporting - No need for identification of functional responsibilities - No need for a project management methodology - Identification of time limits for scheduling

Identification of time limits for scheduling

Which of these approaches will NOT accelerate the completion of a project? ****** - Increase the quantity of personnel and equipment. - Improve the working method. - Improve the productivity of existing project resources. - Increase the bureaucratic oversight.

Increase the bureaucratic oversight.

In which life cycle phase do project sponsors become most actively involved in the project? ****** - Execution - Closure - Initiation - Monitor and control

Initiation

Which of the following is directly controlled by the project manager? ****** - None of the above - Information / technology - Money - Manpower

None of the above

Which of the following promises can project managers make to functional employees assigned to a project? ****** - Overtime - Future work assignments - None of the above - Promotions

None of the above

What is PV?

Planned Value = Planned % * BAC

The simple scoring model has this advantage over a checklist model for screening projects. ****** - Scaling from 1 to 5 is extremely accurate. - Scaling models allow decision makers to treat one criterion as more important than another. - Scaling models have been proven to make correct decisions better than 95% of the time while checklists only achieve 80% accuracy. - Scaling models ensure a reasonable link between the selected and weighted criteria and the business objectives that motivated their selection.

Scaling models allow decision makers to treat one criterion as more important than another.

What is SPI?

Schedule Performance Index = EV / PV

What is SV?

Schedule Variance = EV - PV

Which statement about scope management is best? ****** - Scope management must take place during the conceptual development, full definition, execution, and termination phases. - Scope management is accomplished in a single step by any one project team member. - Scope management can begin once a project hits operational level. - Project goals don't matter in scope management as long as the budget is not exceeded.

Scope management must take place during the conceptual development, full definition, execution, and termination phases.

Which of the following is normally not part of a team member's role? ****** - Completing the work at the earliest possible time. - Sharing information with the sponsor - Accepting responsibility for a deliverable - Sharing information with the team

Sharing information with the sponsor

Which of the following three types of deliverables discussed in the book would be used to classify the final report that must be presented to the customer at the end of the project? ****** - Interim deliverables - Hardware deliverables - Software deliverables - Validation deliverables

Software deliverables

Which statement about stakeholders is best? ****** - By definition, clients are not stakeholders, they are customers. - Stakeholders are external to a company. - Stakeholders wield considerable power. - Stakeholders can potentially impact project development.

Stakeholders can potentially impact project development.

A comprehensive statement of work includes an estimate of time and costs, resource requirements, and the scope of the work to be performed. ****** - F3 - T

T

A baseline is the project's scope fixed at a specific point in time. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A classic early warning sign of project failure is the realization that a product being developed was targeting a market that few new products and firms were entering. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A common reason for cost overruns in a project is a low initial estimate of project cost. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A learning rate of 90% means that for every doubling of output, the time required by the activity falls by 10%. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A project manager may also be the project champion. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A project manager must be able to shift temporal orientation from past, to present, to future. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A project manager needs the work breakdown structure and a time-phased project budget to establish the project baseline. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A resource loading table is created through identifying the project activities and the resources required for completion and applying this information to the project schedule baseline. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A simplified scoring model addresses all the weakness of a checklist model for project screening. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

A work package may consist of more than one milestone. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

AOA is a more useful technique than AON if the project is complex and has many significant milestones. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Activity float is the difference between the late finish and early finish for the activity in question. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Activity-based costing is based on the notion that projects consume activities and activities consume resources. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Administrative conflict arises through management hierarchy, organizational structure, or company philosophy. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

An expert's opinion on an issue may be subjective but very accurate. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

An important step in stakeholder management is the assessment of your own capabilities. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Burst activities are those with two or more successor activities. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Contingency reserves require a construction company to hold back some funds in an account just in case something happens that increases the overall project cost. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Direct costs are those clearly assigned to the aspect of the project that generated the cost. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Dummy activities are used in AOA networks to indicate the existence of precedent relationships between activities and their event nodes. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Emotional intelligence is a more important measure of leadership effectiveness than technical skill, analytical ability, and intelligence. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Float is always measured in exactly the same way as slack. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Gap analysis refers to any measurement process that first determines the goals and then the degree to which the actual performance lives up to those goals. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

If preferred project team members are not available, the project manager should notify top management of the consequences. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

In a survey of thousands of managers within U.S. corporations, a significant majority felt that the most important characteristic of superior leaders is honesty. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

In assigning a value for the most pessimistic (b) duration, the project manager should estimate the duration of the activity to have a 99% likelihood that it will take b or less amount of time. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

In order to accelerate completion of a project, the manager must crash critical path activities. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

In-process inventory represents the amount of work waiting to be completed but delayed due to unavailable resources. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Laddering is a technique that allows the project manager to redraw the network to more closely sequence project subtasks to make the overall network sequence more efficient. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Material is an example of a cost that is recurring, variable and direct. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Most activity estimations using PERT methods lead to overly optimistic activity duration estimates. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

One approach to risk mitigation is simply to accept it. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

One element of strategic management is cross-functional decision making. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

One major deterrent to effective project closeout is client acceptance of the project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

One of the most important contributions of a project manager is to continually remind the team what is most important. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Preceding activities are those that must occur before others can be done. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Project managers are best able to promote a sense of enthusiasm within the project team when they create an environment that is challenging, supportive, and personally rewarding. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Quite often the marginal gains in employee productivity decrease dramatically with the increased use of overtime. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Resource loading charts are used to display the amount of resources required as a function of time on a graph. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Risks can be quantified by multiplying the likelihood a failure will occur by the severity of the failure. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Scope reporting not only identifies the type of information that will be reported, but also to whom it will be reported and with what frequency. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Static factors that may play a role in the decision to terminate a project early include company image and the presence of high sunk costs. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Strategy, goals, and programs support the organizational mission. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Successful project management requires a good daily working relationship between project and line managers. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Suppliers and competitors are possible intervenor groups in a project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Team building and conflict management skills are two of the most important people skills that project managers can cultivate. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Technical risk is the probability that the project will not perform to the required standards or produce substandard products or have excessive operating cost consumption. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The Central Limit Theorem states that if a number of probability distributions are summed, the variance of the sum equals the sum of the variances of individual distributions. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The best method for establishing the existence of resource conflicts across project activities uses resource-loading charts. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The idea behind resource leveling is to avoid huge swings in utilization of labor and equipment. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The least common type of lag relationship occurs when a successor's finish is dependent upon a predecessor's start. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The most important thing to remember when using project selection models is to be consistent and objective. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The new dean was completely uninterested in international programs, so he selected the least competent faculty to serve on the committee and took away their doughnut budget, effectively terminating the project by starvation. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The number one flaw that makes a project manager a poor leader is setting a bad example. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The one factor that earned value management considers that an S-curve does not include is performance. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The project closeout step requires project managers to consider the types of records and reports they and their clients will require at the completion of a project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The project control cycle is continuous. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The project implementation profile assesses the performance of the project team with respect to 10 critical success factors and can be used on an ongoing project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The punctuated equilibrium model suggests that groups spend the majority of their time in stasis. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The reciprocal of the payback period is used to calculate the average rate of return for a project. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The risk is highest in the earliest phase of the project life cycle. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The root cause of overinflated time estimates is a lack of trust within the project organization. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The same project managed in the same fashion may succeed in one organization but fail in another. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The simplest method of project screening and selection is developing a list of criteria that pertain to the choice of projects and then applying them to alternatives. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The term expedited cost has the same meaning as crashing cost in the project management milieu. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The terms lump-sum contract and turnkey contract are interchangeable. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The trailer had been reinforced, re-decked and had a fresh coat of paint. It was fully complete and finally ready for a run to Kansas City to pick up a rebounding son. This project has achieved natural termination. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

The two main challenges that virtual project teams face are building trust and establishing the best modes of communication. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

There is, for almost all projects, usually a dominant constraint that serves as the final arbiter of project decisions. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Until a project has gone through work breakdown structure, it is impossible to determine the relationships among the constituent activities. ****** - TRUE - FALSE

TRUE

Which of the following is not a capital market stakeholder? ****** - Creditors - Unions - Banks - Shareholders

Unions

Which of the following is the role of the PM rather than the role of the functional manager? ****** - What work will be done - Where it will be done - How the work will be done - Who will do it

What work will be done

Which of the following most likely represents a project champion rather than a project manager? ****** - Prefers to work in groups - Manages people - Seeks perfection - Willing to take risks

Willing to take risks

What is the first step of project team building ? ****** - You always identify personnel before you talk to potential team members. - You always negotiate with the functional supervisor before you negotiate with top management. - You always negotiate with the functional supervisor before you talk to potential team members. - You always identify skills before you identify people.

You always identify skills before you identify people.

The variance of an activity is given by: ****** - [1/6(b-a)] 2 - 1/36[b-a] - 1/6[b-a]. - [1/36(b-a)]2

[1/6(b-a)] 2

A method for conducting risk factor identification that generates ideas but doesn't focus on decision making is: ****** - a brainstorming meeting. - multiple assessments. - the Delphi method. - past history.

a brainstorming meeting.

The Scope Management chapter begins and ends with the quote, "It's a dream until you write it down. Then it's " ******

a goal.

Which of these is NOT a typical element of a statement of work? ****** - timeline and milestones - introduction and background - a list of activities needed to complete the project - technical description of the project

a list of activities needed to complete the project

In Agile Project Management, the term "scrum" refers to: ****** - the time when code is actually being written - disagreements between the customer and project team - a meeting - a priod of enforced chaos

a meeting

The idea that all members of a project team have the ability to offer a contrary position in order to achieve true partnership between the project manager and the team is called: ****** - exchange of purpose. - a right to say no. - joint accountability. - absolute honesty.

a right to say no.

Scope management for a project begins with: ****** - a work package. - an organization breakdown structure. - a statement of goals. - a configuration statement.

a statement of goals.

Concurrent activities are: ****** - activities that can be performed at the same time. - activities that use resources from the same resource pool. - activities that must be done one after the other. - activities that use labor from the same group of workers.

activities that can be performed at the same time.

Which two types of project termination are reserved for successful projects? ****** - integration and starvation - extinction and addition - starvation and extinction - addition and integration

addition and integration

With a failure to secure personnel releases from functional managers, a project manager should: ****** - adjust schedules and scope documents. - abandon the project. - relinquish project leader status. - proceed as originally planned.

adjust schedules and scope documents.

Which of the following problems affects the functional manager's ability to staff and support a project during execution? ****** - all of the above - Limited availability of resources - Unscheduled changes to the project plan - Predetermined deadlines

all of the above

The cat-skinning project management team considers the many ways to accomplish their objective before settling on one technique as part of their: ****** - need statement step. - information gathering step. - alternative analysis step. - project objectives step.

alternative analysis step.

Project goal setting includes setting a baseline plan, which is predicated on: ****** - an accurate work breakdown structure. - the type of gap analysis the project team plans to use. - the budget and schedule limitations. - the progress measurement.

an accurate work breakdown structure.

The residents of Enumclaw, Washington, live in the shadow of majestic Mount Rainier and its 26 glaciers. The Cascades form a ring of fire around the Pacific Northwest and erupt with surprising regularity, although Mount Rainier hasn't erupted on a major scale since about a thousand years ago. When it does erupt, the pyroclastic flow (a massive cloud of superheated ash and rock up to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit that can travel at speeds up to 300 miles per hour) will make Enumclaw a less pleasant place to live. City leaders have completed the: ****** - analysis of probability and consequences phase of risk management. - risk identification phase of risk management. - control and documentation phase of risk management. - risk mitigation strategies phase of risk management.

analysis of probability and consequences phase of risk management.

An activity has an optimistic time estimate of 7 days, a most likely estimate of 12 days, and a pessimistic estimate of 20 days. What is the expected standard deviation of the activity? ****** - between 2 and 3 days - between 3 and 4 days - between 5 and 6 days - between 4 and 5 days

between 2 and 3 days

It is possible to measure: ****** - both positive and negative deviations from the budget with the tracking Gantt chart. - only negative deviations from the schedule baseline with a tracking Gantt chart. - only positive deviations from the schedule baseline with a tracking Gantt chart. - both positive and negative deviations from the schedule baseline with the tracking Gantt chart.

both positive and negative deviations from the schedule baseline with the tracking Gantt chart.

These can be located by doing a backward pass through a network. ****** - successors - burst activities - critical paths - merge activities

burst activities

A project screening criterion that allows the company to compare long-term versus short-term projects, projects with different technologies, and projects with different commercial objectives is: ****** - realistic. - flexibility. - ease of use. - capability.

capability.

The study group that Philip had formed in his first MBA class had gotten him through his management science course; of that there could be no question. Now as he neared the end of his MBA he reflected on how team members had chosen courses together each semester, keeping the study group intact and keeping themselves one step ahead of their classmates. His MBA project team had: ****** - cohesiveness in spades. - a plethora of results orientation. - an overabundance of enthusiasm. - trust coming out of their ears.

cohesiveness in spades.

A selection model that is broad enough to be applied to multiple projects has the benefit of: ****** - capability. - flexibility. - comparability. - ease of use.

comparability.

Estimates based on the assumption that historical data can be used as a frame of reference for current estimates are: ****** - feasibility estimates. - ballpark estimates. - definitive estimates. - comparative estimates.

comparative estimates.

Project risk is highest during the: ****** - implementation stage of the project life cycle. - development stage of the project life cycle. - termination stage of the project life cycle. - concept stage of the project life cycle.

concept stage of the project life cycle.

Task-oriented leadership behavior is characterized by: ****** - showing trust in project team members. - acting friendly and supportive towards project team members. - contributing to the completion of project assignments. - recognizing the accomplishments of team members. - -

contributing to the completion of project assignments.

One consequence of conceptual development that proceeds with a problem that is poorly understood is: ****** - problem restatement. - task confusion. - problem clarification. - cost overruns.

cost overruns.

An MBA redesign committee plans to spend a decade traveling the world to benchmark graduate programs at other universities. Regardless of the screening model being used, it will suffer from poor performance in the area of: ****** - comparability. - flexibility. - cost. - capability.

cost.

The process of accelerating a project is referred to as: ****** - streamlining. - crashing. - rushing. - expediting.

crashing.

An S-curve CANNOT be used to: ****** - determine whether there is negative variance. - determine whether the project is ahead of budget. - determine when the project is behind budget. - determine the cause of positive variance.

determine the cause of positive variance.

The best thing a project manager can do when noticing common cause variation in a project's monthly budget summary is to: ****** - call the suppliers responsible for the increased cost and negotiate lower material costs. - call another meeting and brainstorm causes for the variance. - call the workers responsible for the variance into the office and dismiss them immediately. - do nothing.

do nothing.

Earned value management is also known as: ****** - the golden triangle method (GTM). - the achieved value method (AVM). - the program evaluation and review method (PERM). - earned value analysis (EVA).

earned value analysis (EVA).

Which of these tools allows a project team to make future projections of project status based on its current state? ****** - S-curve - milestone chart - earned value management - tracking Gantt chart

earned value management

If a model can be applied successfully by people in all areas and levels of an organization, it is said to possess the trait of: ****** - capability. - flexibility. - ease of use. - realism.

ease of use.

Which of the following is an external stakeholder group? ****** - top management - project team members - environmental groups - accountants

environmental groups

The facet of partnership that describes the requirement that every worker be responsible for defining the project's vision and goals is called: ****** - exchange of purpose. - a right to say no. - joint accountability. - absolute honesty.

exchange of purpose.

ABC project organization has one workstation that is capable of generating the drawings that their clients study before accepting ABC's bid. ABC is currently in the midst of three proposal projects and knows which proposed project will be most profitable and which will be least profitable. The workstation is scheduled so that the most profitable project's work is done first and the least profitable project work is done last. This is an example of: ****** - elevating a constraint. - identifying a constraint. - subordinating a system. - exploiting a constraint.

exploiting a constraint.

Cost estimates that are based as a guideline on real numbers, or figures derived after the completion of preliminary design work, are: ****** - parametric estimates. - definitive estimates. - order of magnitude estimates. - feasibility estimates.

feasibility estimates.

The most common type of logical sequencing between tasks is referred to as the: ****** - start to start relationship. - start to finish relationship. - finish to finish relationship. - finish to start relationship.

finish to start relationship.

The amount of time an activity may be delayed from its early start without delaying the finish of the project is the: ****** - late finish. - delay. - float. - late start.

float.

The amount of time an activity may be delayed from its early start without delaying the finish of the project is the: ****** - late finish. - late start. - float. - delay.

float.

Serial activities are those that: ****** - have sequential numbers. - flow from one to the next in sequence. - have the same numbers. - should be performed simultaneously.

flow from one to the next in sequence.

Which of the following is an internal project stakeholder group? ****** - clients - functional managers - competitors - suppliers

functional managers

A strategic element consisting of statements such as "a 5% increase in freshman to sophomore retention" and "a 10% increase in the six-year graduation rate" is best described as a: ****** - strategy. - goal. - mission. - program.

goal.

While thrilling, there is a chance that you would have an accident if you elected to drive on the Autobahn while blindfolded, an outcome that could be described as: ****** - low in consequence and low in probability. - high in consequence and high in probability. - low in probability and high in consequence. - high in probability and low in consequence.

high in consequence and high in probability.

The project team's office needed a revolving door to facilitate the influx and outflow of personnel. Team members needed name tags to keep track of who was who and what their duties were. The project was jeopardized by: ****** - poor leadership. - poor communication among team members. - lack of team motivation. - high turnover.

high turnover.

The disadvantage of a BOOT contract to the project organization is that they must take on: ****** - higher failure risks. - higher competitive risks. - higher financial risks. - higher safety risks.

higher financial risks.

A tracking Gantt chart: ****** - identifies the stage of completion for each task. - identifies key points in the project's progress. - identifies the performance to budget for the overall project by a certain date. - monitors costs and budget expenditures.

identifies the stage of completion for each task.

The first step in TOC methodology is to: ****** - exploit the constraint. - elevate the constraint. - subordinate the system to the constraint. - identify the constraint.

identify the constraint.

The first step in assembling a project team is to: ****** - talk to potential team members. - notify top management. - identify the required skills. - negotiate with the functional supervisor.

identify the required skills.

The amount of work waiting to be completed but delayed due to unavailable resources is known as: ****** - resource underutilization. - in-process inventory. - resource utilization. - efficiency.

in-process inventory.

The order of magnitude cost estimate is used when: ****** - parametric estimation has already been performed. - ballpark estimates are not considered accurate enough. - historical data are readily available. - information or time is scarce.

information or time is scarce.

External stakeholders that are external to a project but possess the power to effectively disrupt the project's development are: ****** - environmental groups. - intervenor groups. - special-interest groups. - stressor groups.

intervenor groups.

Cleland's project stakeholder management cycle: ****** - is used to identify only external stakeholders. - is a recurring cycle that allows new stakeholders to be considered at any time. - requires all stakeholders to be identified and locked in as a first step. - is used to identify only internal stakeholders.

is a recurring cycle that allows new stakeholders to be considered at any time.

Which adjective is most appropriate for Agile Project Management ? ****** - iterative - Linear - Hirsute - Sequential

iterative

In a partnership, each member of the project team is responsible for the project's outcomes and the current situation, whether it is positive or shows evidence of project problems. The term that best describes this responsibility is: ****** - exchange of purpose. - a right to say no. - joint accountability. - absolute honesty.

joint accountability.

Which of the following is a direct cost? ****** - labor - depreciation on equipment - health benefits - rent

labor

The department chair had allotted plenty of time for all department (and project) members to prepare sections of their five-year program review. Administration demanded no less than 50 pages be devoted to a thorough and thoughtful review of activities and goals. What happened to the report was anybody's guess; no one had actually seen one or ever heard back from administration once they had submitted it. Most of the project team members thought the report was immediately sent to the steam tunnels running underneath the campus or perhaps it would sit collecting dust as part of a make-work program to justify an assistant VP's job. No wonder that team meetings were poorly attended and that all the sections of the report were filled with trite phrases and wide margins. This team suffers from: ****** - tenure. - poorly developed goals. - poorly defined team interdependencies. - lack of motivation.

lack of motivation.

An activity has an optimistic time estimate of 15 days, a most likely estimate of 24 days, and a pessimistic estimate of 40 days. What is the expected duration of the activity? ****** - less than 25 days but greater than or equal to 24 days - less than 27 days but greater than or equal to 26 days - less than 24 days - less than 26 days but greater than or equal to 25 days

less than 26 days but greater than or equal to 25 days

The BOT option for large projects is designed to: ****** - automate the payment process. - limit risk for the customer in the short run. - keep the door open for new projects between the customer and project organization. - automate the closeout process.

limit risk for the customer in the short run.

To protect his poultry from meteorites, the gentleman farmer made hard hats for each bird and installed a meteor detection system that opened umbrellas throughout the yard if a meteor were detected. The safety of his flock thus assured, the farmer was surprised when he read his latest issue of Risk Management Magazine and discovered that this event was: ****** - low in probability and high in consequence. - high in probability and low in consequence. - low in consequence and low in probability. - high in consequence and high in probability.

low in probability and high in consequence.

A significant challenge during the finishing the work element of project closeout management is to: ****** - gain customer acceptance of the product. - maintain focus on the current project. - demonstrate viability of the project. - capitalize on new opportunities that arise from this project.

maintain focus on the current project.

An activity with two or more immediate predecessors is a(n): ****** - merge activity. - float activity. - event. - burst activity.

merge activity.

An excellent way to coordinate schedules with vendors and suppliers is through the use of: ****** - milestones. - S-curves that plot expenditures against time. - S-curves that plot planned expenditures against time. - a tracking Gantt chart.

milestones.

The classic project S-curve is a plot of: ****** - money expended versus elapsed time. - elapsed time versus labor hours. - labor hours versus money expended. - number of personnel versus days behind schedule.

money expended versus elapsed time.

Which of these duties is more reflective of a leader's tasks? ****** - efficiency of operations - delegation and maintaining - motivation and inspiration - marshalling resources

motivation and inspiration

One project factor that directly impacts a firm's internal operations is the: ****** - expected return on investment. - impact on company's image. - need to develop employees. - financial risk.

need to develop employees.

One of the defining points of a network, a junction point joined to some or all of the others by dependency lines, is called a(n): ****** - event. - node. - path. - burst.

node.

A wedding planner allows $10,000 for flowers and three weeks to receive all RSVPs back from the list of 700 guests. Both estimates are correct within a fraction of a percent. We could describe this factoid as: ****** - non-numeric and subjective. - non-numeric and objective. - numeric and objective. - numeric and subjective.

numeric and subjective.

Which of these strategic elements exists at a higher level than the others? ****** - strategies - goals - programs - objectives

objectives

The least amount of float is found: ****** - on the critical path. - after a merge activity. - after a burst activity. - in a resource-limited schedule.

on the critical path.

A finish to start lag delay is usually shown: ****** - on the line adjoining the two activity nodes. - as a subtracted value in the follower's early finish time. - as an added value in the predecessors early start time. - as an added value in the predecessor's activity time.

on the line adjoining the two activity nodes.

A sequence of activities defined by the project network logic is a(n): ****** - route. - event. - node. - path.

path.

Mathematical programming is sometimes used to generate optimal solutions to resource constrained problems in a multi-project setting but suffers from: ****** - resource substitution. - resource constraints. - problem complexity. - an inability to model project and activity due dates.

problem complexity.

Which of these lists of duties is more reflective of managerial tasks? ****** - creating vision and strategies - problem solving - long-term risk taking - communication by word and deed

problem solving

A strategic element that contains formally titled initiatives such as the Customer Survey Project, the Small Business Alliance Project, and the Employee Relations Project is most likely a: ****** - program. - mission. - goal. - strategy.

program.

In Agile Project Management, a sprint backlog is essentially a: ****** - forecast - punch list - meeting - period of time

punch list

The final items that are left to accomplish or correct at the end of a construction project are on the: ****** - errata sheet. - punch list. - check sheet. - check list.

punch list.

The One Shovel Construction Company is hired by the City of Edmond to lay sewer pipe from the east end of town to the west end of town. While the crew would like to begin at both ends simultaneously and have a dramatic ceremony when both ends meet, they find themselves with a bit of a: ****** - resource constraint. - partial network. - mixed constraint. - time constraint.

resource constraint.

The best method for establishing the existence of resource conflicts across project activities uses: ****** - Pareto diagrams. - resource loading charts. - network diagrams. - Gantt charts.

resource loading charts.

A resource loading form is also known as a(n): ****** - resource usage calendar. - load schedule. - activity resource schedule. - network resource profile.

resource usage calendar.

The semester project was due at 8:00 a.m. the next day and as the sun rose swiftly in the east, the team of four graduating seniors held their collective breath. If their database project worked (and why wouldn't it, they had begun early yesterday afternoon) they would complete their quest and graduate in a week with their shiny diplomas in MIS. Their drive to finish the project with A quality work was clear testament to their: ****** - cohesiveness. - trust. - results orientation. - enthusiasm.

results orientation.

The construction foreman posted a large sign requiring all work site visitors to don a hard hat and safety glasses. He also purchased copious quantities of both items and made them readily available at the entrance. The foreman is engaged in: ****** - analysis of probability and consequences. - risk mitigation. - control and documentation. - risk identification.

risk mitigation.

Which of these indirect costs is typically classified as a selling or administrative cost? ****** - insurance - secretarial support - utilities - depreciation

secretarial support

Which of these is typically a nonrecurring cost? ****** - material - sales - site study - labor

site study

Traditional, highly structured approaches to planning and managing projects are recognized as being less effective for _______ than Agile Project Management. ****** - university baccalaureate degrees - software development - wedding planning - construction projects

software development

All of these happen during the sprint phase EXCEPT: ****** - sprint goal modification - technical issues are forwarded to the product owner - scope renegotiation - scope clarification

sprint goal modification

Splitting activities refers to: ****** - assigning the work to two or more days. - starting an activity, interrupting it to use a resource elsewhere, and then returning to work on the activity. - breaking each non-critical activity into two or more components and subdividing the resources they use by a similar divisor. - assigning the work to two or more workers.

starting an activity, interrupting it to use a resource elsewhere, and then returning to work on the activity.

The departmental patriarch spent his last years at the university developing and promoting the Student Portfolio Project, that required all departmental faculty to create integrated course projects and maintain a database of their students' work. New graduates could refer their prospective employers to the Student Portfolio Project database to mine examples of their work. The patriarch retired, funding and effort dried up, and the project lingered in a few syllabi and on the department's web site for a year or two but now any mention of it elicits either puzzled looks or wry grins from the remaining faculty. The patriarch's Student Portfolio Project has officially been terminated by: ****** - integration. - extinction. - addition. - starvation.

starvation.

A writer estimates it will take three months to generate spiffy documents to accompany a seminal work in operations management. He grossly underestimates the time required and misses his deadline by two months. This estimate was: ****** - objective and accurate. - objective and inaccurate. - subjective and inaccurate. - subjective and accurate.

subjective and inaccurate.

XYZ project organization has one workstation that is capable of generating the drawings that their clients study before accepting XYZ's bid. XYZ is currently in the midst of three proposal projects and knows exactly when it will need to use the workstation. All other work to be done, both before and after the workstation is used, is scheduled such that it flows to the workstation and keeps it busy. Resources used after this step are less critical; so while the subsequent work and resources are important, they aren't viewed with the same reverence as the workstation. This is an example of: ****** - identifying a constraint. - exploiting a constraint. - elevating a constraint. - subordinating a system.

subordinating a system.

The term ordered activity means: ****** - tasks must either precede or follow other tasks in project planning and management. - prior project planning removes the need for any rush so that tasks can be performed in a methodical fashion. - tasks are not performed unless the customer issues a specific request to perform the work. - tasks cannot be performed unless the project manager issues a specific command to perform the work.

tasks must either precede or follow other tasks in project planning and management.

Which of these indirect costs is typically classified as an overhead cost? ****** - advertising - shipping - taxes - sales commissions

taxes

Project management people skills include: ****** - budgeting. - team building. - project evaluation. - scheduling.

team building.

Which of the following is NOT a project goal criteria? ****** - team membership - cost - schedule - review and approval gates

team membership

Which type of project termination can occur for a project that is successful and for a project that is unsuccessful? ****** - termination by addition - termination by extinction - termination by integration - termination by starvation

termination by extinction

The termination of the Hudson River Tunnel project is an example of: ****** - termination by extinction. - termination by starvation. - termination by integration. - termination by addition.

termination by extinction.

The amount a company has at stake in a project rises above the dollar value of opportunity in the: ****** - concept phase. - development phase. - implementation phase. - termination phase.

termination phase.

Project risk is lowest during the: ****** - concept stage of the project life cycle. - implementation stage of the project life cycle. - development stage of the project life cycle. - termination stage of the project life cycle.

termination stage of the project life cycle.

The period of highest risk impact for a project risk exists primarily in the: ****** - termination stage of the project life cycle. - concept stage of the project life cycle. - development stage of the project life cycle. - implementation stage of the project life cycle.

termination stage of the project life cycle.

A resource loading form can be generated once you have developed: ****** - the work breakdown structure and the project budget. - the project budget and the productivity profile. - the activity network and the work breakdown structure. - the activity network and productivity profile.

the activity network and the work breakdown structure.

A resource loading chart displays: ****** - the amount of time needed as a function of resource limits. - the amount of time needed as a function of money. - the amount of resources required as a function of time. - the amount of resources needed as a function of money.

the amount of resources required as a function of time.

Which of the following would NOT typically be displayed in a resource loading table? ****** - the tasks the project team members have been assigned - the time the activities are expected to take - the expenses allocated to the activities - the project team members

the expenses allocated to the activities

If significant deviations from the project plan are detected, corrective action is taken and then: ****** - the project stakeholders are informed of the budget or time difficulties. - project goals are adjusted to reflect current reality. - the monitoring and control cycle begins anew. - the critical chain is reviewed for task dependency.

the monitoring and control cycle begins anew.

One facet of risk in project screening is: ****** - the initial cash outlay. - the strategic fit of the project with the company. - the change in manufacturing operations resulting from the project. - the potential for lawsuits or legal obligation.

the potential for lawsuits or legal obligation.

According to CCPM: ****** - there are a number of ways that project members should add buffer to the estimated length of activities. - using a point estimate for activity times is the best approach to project duration estimation. - there are a number of ways that project members should add safety to estimated lengths of activities. - the primary causes of inaccurate duration estimation are behavioral in nature.

the primary causes of inaccurate duration estimation are behavioral in nature.

The greatest project risk occurs when: ****** - the probability of the event is low and the consequences of the event are low. - the probability of the event is high and the consequences of the event are high. - the probability of the event is low and the consequences of the event are high. - the probability of the event is high and the consequences of the event are low.

the probability of the event is high and the consequences of the event are high.

For the project manager, leadership is: ****** - the process by which she influences the project team. - the process of assembling a group of individuals. - the process of building skills among all team members. - the process of maintaining control of the budget.

the process by which she influences the project team.

In order to facilitate acceptance for the project, the project team should start planning for the project's transfer and use during: ****** - the project development phase. - the project termination phase. - the project close-out phase. - the project work phase.

the project development phase.

One reason for crashing a project is: ****** - there are no repercussions for delivering the project late. - the project has slipped behind schedule. - that the initial schedule may be too pessimistic. - market needs change and the project is not in demand any more.

the project has slipped behind schedule.

Termination by addition occurs when: ****** - new members join the project team once the project has begun and their skills are insufficient to successfully complete the project. - the project is so successful that it becomes institutionalized. - a new project is added to the organization and it commands all of the resources for the original project. - scope creep adds too many activities to the project that prevent it from being completed on time or within budget.

the project is so successful that it becomes institutionalized.

If an activity's cost is plotted against its duration on axes with zeros at the origin: ****** - the slope of the line is negative because a shorter activity costs less than a longer one. - the slope of the line is positive because it costs more to finish an activity more quickly. - the slope of the line is positive because a longer activity costs more than a shorter one. - the slope of the line is negative because it costs more to finish an activity more quickly.

the slope of the line is negative because it costs more to finish an activity more quickly.

The waterfall project development process is well-suited for instances where: ****** - time constraints exist - budget constraints exist - customer needs change quickly - requirements are allowed to float throughout the duration of the project

time constraints exist

A project that must be finished by December 31st is: ****** - time-constrained. - mix-constrained. - capacity-constrained. - resource-constrained.

time-constrained.

Which of these tasks is NOT presented as a responsibility of a project manager? ****** - to control the "soft" people issues. - to manage the hard technical details. - to holistically manage the entire project. - to apply a laissez faire approach and let the work progress unimpeded.

to apply a laissez faire approach and let the work progress unimpeded.

Prior to creating a network, it is important to: ****** - identify the party responsible for each activity. - understand the activity precedence. - calculate the float for each activity. - identify all loops through activities.

understand the activity precedence.

If a functional manager will not release the resources you need as project manager, your best course of action should include all of these except: ****** - adjust project schedules and priorities accordingly. - notify top management of the consequences. - update your resume. - try to negotiate for partial assistance.

update your resume.

Which of the following is NOT an element of organizational structure? ****** - formal reporting relationships - grouping together of individuals into departments - well-articulated mission, vision, and value statements - systems designed to ensure effective communication

well-articulated mission, vision, and value statements

Measurement mechanisms should include a clear definition of: ****** - what to measure. - trigger points. - the reporting relationships among members of the project team. - the project baseline.

what to measure.

Project team motivation comes primarily from: ****** - the project manager. - the project champion. - within each team member. - the project client's acceptance.

within each team member.

A project manager can identify the skills needed for the project from the: ****** - project budget. - stakeholder meeting. - departmental personnel listings. - work breakdown structure.

work breakdown structure.

The PMBoK definition stating, "a process that sets a project's scope by breaking down its overall mission into a cohesive set of synchronous, increasingly specific tasks," is for the: ****** - deliverable statement. - work breakdown structure. - project plan. - scope expansion. - - -

work breakdown structure.

The new Magic Pan coming soon to your area usually serves 20,000 customers in the first year of operation. Construction plans include site selection, foundation, framing, finishing, egg-laying, and chicken acquisition. The scope statement step that determines relationships among these steps, e.g. does the chicken acquisition come before the egg laying, etc., is the: ****** - scope baseline - management plan. - work breakdown structure. - project goal criteria.

work breakdown structure.