Project Management Final
Project partnerships offer all of the following advantages to vendors EXCEPT __________.
Buyer gains at the vendor's expense
All of the following entities are typically included in the supply chain EXCEPT:
public relations
Joseph Juran, a contemporary of Dr. Deming, provided guidance regarding how to conduct quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. Which of the following items is NOT part of Juran's Quality Trilogy?
work to identify root causes, not just symptoms
All of these statements are true concerning scope planning, EXCEPT:
A "top-down" approach to creating a WBS is typically used when a project is unique and different from previous projects.
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning scope planning?
A Work Breakdown Structure must be decomposed at least four levels in order to be effective
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding project planning for risk?
A project risk is anything that may impact the project team's ability to achieve the general project success measures and the specific project stakeholders' priorities
Which of the following accurately describes risk in project management?
A risk may impact the project in a positive or negative way.
Project partnerships offer which of the following advantages to both clients and vendors?
Ability to explore new technologies
All of the following strategies can help a project team to develop realistic time estimates for project activities EXCEPT:
Add a significant buffer of time to each activity
Which of the following serves as a pre-condition that must be met in order for a project kick-off meeting to be successful?
An atmosphere of trust and relationship building should be set by all
All of the following factors must be in place in order to develop an analogous estimate effectively EXCEPT __________.
An organization must know details behind the time value of money
___________ is a technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar project.
Analogous estimating
During which DMAIC phase would you find the objectives of identify possible root causes, collect data, and confirm root causes through data analysis?
Analyze
It is helpful to list requirements and supporting information in a requirements traceability matrix. When requirements are complete, they should meet all of these criteria EXCEPT_________.
Assigned to a team member who will be the requirement owner
Some methods a project manager could use to resolve resource overloads include all of these EXCEPT:
Avoid informing the sponsor if there is a severe overload
The components (principles) of Critical Chain Project Management include which of the following?
Avoid multi-tasking
All of the following describe the appropriate application of Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis in project management EXCEPT ____________.
Brainstorming techniques are used by the team and other stakeholders to identify as many project risks as possible.
This Agile project reporting tool is useful to Scrum Masters as it projects how close to plan the team is within a given time box, by providing a graphical representation of work effort remaining in an iteration versus the days left in an iteration.
Burndown chart
All of the following describe benefits associated with celebrating the completion of a project EXCEPT __________.
Celebrations are held in conjunction with team performance reviews
Which of the following is one of the PMBOK Guide's three project procurement management processes?
Conduct procurements
Under normal conditions, which of these contract types poses the greatest risk to the buyer?
Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
______ is when certain activities are performed at a faster-than-normal pace, possibly even requirimg additional expenses such as overtime pay, more expensive machinery, etc.
Crashing a project schedule
_________ is an alternative scheduling technique that modifies project schedule by taking resource constraints into account, which allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule to account for uncertainty and limited resources.
Critical Chain Project Management
_____________ is defined as the total number of work periods (not including holidays or other non-work periods) required to complete a schedule activity, usually expressed as workdays or workweeks.
Duration
On agile projects, detailed risk management activities may occur during all of the following times EXCEPT _________.
During early risk planning at the start of the project.
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning the resourcing of projects?
Estimate Activity Resources focuses exclusively upon the identification of the number of human resources required to perform each scheduled activity.
During which of the following Project Schedule Management processes does the team estimate the number of work periods that will be required to complete a schedule activity, usually expressed as workdays or workweeks?
Estimate activity duration
In ____________, activities that are normally performed in a series (one after another) are performed at the same time, which sometimes can add risk.
Fast tracking a project schedule
Which of these statements is TRUE concerning budgeting for projects?
Fixed costs remain the same regardless of the size or volume of work, while variable costs vary directly with volume of use.
Some of the problems associated with estimating activity durations accurately include all of these, EXCEPT:
Free float
_______ is the amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of immediately following schedule activities. It is calculated by subtracting the early start from the late start. Only those activities that are not on the critical path have float during the planning stage.
Free float
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning determining the progress of a project?
In order to determine that a project is progressing adequately, a project manager could use a balanced scorecard approach to evaluate the organization along supplier, external business, risk and human resource perspectives.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the critical path?
It consists only of activities with zero float (slack).
All of the following are benefits that can be attributed to the effective use of a risk management plan EXCEPT ____________ .
It enables the project manager to identify and eliminate all risks
Despite the insights that PERT provides, there are still practical limitations that impact its usefulness. All of the following difficulties are associated with the use of PERT EXCEPT:
It highlights uncertainty in project duration
All of the following statements accurately describe supply chain management EXCEPT __________.
It is a closed-loop system solely within the project organization's boundaries.
All of the following accurately describe earned value management EXCEPT __________.
It is good for performance reporting but not for forecasting
All of the following statements accurately describe special cause variation EXCEPT ____________.
It is inherent in the system and is predictable
After completing detailed planning for a project, it is often helpful for the project manager and team to apply a sanity test to the project plan. Which of the following accurately describes the application of a sanity test?
It should include questions to ensure budgets, schedules and resource plans are reasonable and achievable
Which of the following remedies may reduce the likelihood of omissions when developing activity duration estimates?
Lessons learned
Which of the following is true concerning lessons learned on a project?
Lessons learned are the useful knowledge gained by project team members as they perform the project.
All of the following items describe an aspect of life cycle costing EXCEPT: __________.
Life cycle cost only includes the project cost from initiating through closing
__________ is the decision managers make as to whether to make something in-house or purchase it from a supplier / vendor.
Make-or-buy decision
Quality control activities generally include all of the following EXCEPT __________.
Management by objections
Critical Chain method was developed to address several problems that are common in organizations that use traditional project scheduling. Which of the following describes a common problem addressed by the critical chain method?
Many team members tend to use all of the time available for an activity rather than completing it early.
A milestone is a typical measuring point used when establishing cost control. Which of the following does NOT accurately describes the use of cost control milestones?
Milestones are developed during risk planning.
__________ is the process of adhering to the risk response plan of tracking identified risks, identifying new risks, monitoring residual risks, and evaluating the effectiveness of the risk response process throughout the project
Monitor Risks
All of the following statements correctly describe an advantage or disadvantage associated with the use of Monte Carlo Analysis EXCEPT ________.
Monte Carlo simulations do not consider risks
All of these are factors that could lead to a decision to buy or outsource rather than make or perform in-house, EXCEPT __________.
More control over quality and time
Ways the accuracy of cost estimates become more precise during a project include all of these EXCEPT:
None of these; it is impossible to have change cost estimates after launching the project.
The overall project is considered to be the first level of the WBS. All of the following methods can be used to organize the second level of the WBS EXCEPT ______.
Organized by activities and tasks
Which of the following activities are typically included in a project kick-off meeting?
Perform Quality Assurance
Which of these statements is FALSE regarding project risk management?
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.
_____________ is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance.
Plan Quality Management
____________ is the process of defining how to conduct risk management activities for a project
Plan Risk Management
_______ is the PMBOK process that identifies those project needs that can be met by acquiring products and services from outside suppliers, determines what to purchase or acquire, and finalizes when and how to do so.
Plan procurement management
Items a project manager should consider when resourcing projects include all of these, EXCEPT:
Project managers do not need to be updated on resource limitations.
__________ is the discipline that manages supplies and processes through all of the stages of a project, product or business deliverable for creating customer satisfaction.
Project supply chain management
All of the following statements correctly describe a contemporary approach to create the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for a project EXCEPT ______.
Project teams may rely upon the project manager to create all levels of the WBS
Creating a realistic schedule is often an iterative process because several factors can limit how fast a project can be completed. All of the following factors can limit how fast a project can be scheduled and completed EXCEPT:
Quality metrics
Which of the following is NOT a format that is typically used to represent a Work Breakdown Structure?
Requirements Traceability Matrix
_____ is the activity defined as identifying and securing the necessary resources, dealing with resource overloads, and making adjustments to schedules
Resource management
All of the following describe an appropriate application of Plan Risk Responses in project management EXCEPT __________.
Responses should be created for every identified project risk, regardless of the risk score.
All of these describe contemporary methods of risk prioritization in project management EXCEPT __________.
Results of quantitative risk analysis are used for clarification purposes and are typically not documented in the risk register.
A ________ presents a hierarchical organization of risks based on categories such as operational, strategic, finance, external, and project management.
Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)
This technique is an iterative process that identifies and defines the work to be completely accomplished in the near term, and plans the future work at a higher level.
Rolling wave planning
Which of the following measures is best suited for determining whether the project is on, ahead or behind schedule?
Schedule Variance (SV)
Work to be performed can come from the work package level of the work breakdown structure as well as other sources. Which of these is NOT a source of authorized work to be performed?
Scope creep
Which of the following quality management thought leaders is generally credited with contributing the insight that team learning is necessary to improve quality?
Senge
Which of the following quantitative risk analysis techniques is used to determine which risks have the most powerful impact on the project, with results displayed in the form of a tornado diagram?
Sensitivity Analysis
All of these are steps for defining scope and creating a scope statement, EXCEPT:
Set budgetary boundaries
DMAIC is a disciplined process that includes five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. DMAIC is most typically associated with which of the following quality improvement approaches?
Six Sigma
All of these are elements of Deming's Profound Knowledge System, EXCEPT __________.
Strategic objectives
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning project supply chain management?
Supply chain management focuses exclusively upon the parties directly involved in providing supplies to the project team.
All of the following items are among the key areas covered by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award EXCEPT __________
Team Learning
Which of the following describes the activities appropriately performed by the project team during Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis?
Team members assess the probability of occurrence and severity of impact for identified risks.
Which of these would NOT typically be found in a Quality Management Plan?
Team selection criteria
Behavioral abilities and skills needed by project managers for effectively resourcing projects include all of these, EXCEPT:
Technical skills to complete the entire project themselves
Some of the benefits of creating a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) include all of these EXCEPT:
The WBS is the most comprehensive cost-benefit analysis tool.
Which of these is NOT a reason to design quality into processes rather than to find problems later through inspections?
The best inspectors can find every variation and defect
Which of the following reasons might lead to an early contract termination for convenience?
The buyer faces changing priorities.
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning budgeting for projects?
The component of the project management plan that describes how project costs will be planned, structured and controlled is called the project financial plan.
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning project scheduling?
The most common type of logical dependency to determine the sequence of project activities is "finish-to-finish" (FF).
All of the following accurately describe the features and characteristics of a contract EXCEPT __________.
The project organization is always a buyer in a contract arrangement
Which of these statements is TRUE concerning scope planning?
The project scope is the work that must be performed to deliver a product, service or result with the required features and functions.
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding risk management?
The risk register is a living document and new risks can be added as they are discovered
All of the following activities are appropriate upon completion of risk response planning EXCEPT __________.
The risk register should be base-lined after planning is completed, and should not be updated once the project is in flight.
All of the following accurately apply to project performance reporting EXCEPT __________.
The same report format should be used for all stakeholders
Which of the following describes how the team uses a cause-and-effect diagram to support project risk analysis?
The team lists the risk as the "effect" in a box at the head of a "fish" diagram, then names the big bones. .
All of these statements are true concerning project scheduling, EXCEPT:
There is often terrific pressure to complete a project as quickly as possible. To confront this pressure, a project manager should quickly promise to meet the deadlines requested by the sponsor and then assemble a team to create the corresponding schedule.
Work Breakdown Structures typically include one or more intermediate levels. Which of the following statements correctly describe the nature of these intermediate levels?
They generally represent items that need to be created in order to produce the final deliverables.
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning project supply chain management?
Time & Materials refers to a manufacturing context where just-in-time (JIT) tools are used to ensure that every step in the supply process adds value, while costs are kept to a minimum.
Dr. W. Edwards Deming is known as the "Father of Quality" and accredited with saving the Japanese economy following WWII. Which of the following statements is consistent with the ideas that Deming promoted regarding quality management?
Understanding variation is essential to improving quality
Project managers must often face the challenge of compressing the project schedule. All of the following actions can be taken to reduce the duration of the critical path EXCEPT:
Use the float in critical path activities
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning thought-leaders in Project Quality?
W. Edwards Deming asserted that managers need to understand both "serial" variation and "sequential" variation and then work to reduce both
Which of these is NOT one of the typical questions that a project manager might ask in order to collect information on executed work and work in progress?
What information should be covered in the project kick-off meeting?
Which of these statements is FALSE concerning project resourcing?
When determining resource availability, project managers need only consider full-time, internal resources.
Which of the following activities are typically included in a project kick-off meeting?
Which of the following activities are typically included in a project kick-off meeting?
Which of the following statements concerning work packages is NOT correct?
Work packages are activity elements with detailed descriptions of tasks and dependencies
With respect to performance reporting, which of these are the actual and raw observations and measurements gathered during execution of project activities?
Work performance reports
Many organizations require the completion of a project close-out report upon completion of a project. These reports typically include which of the following?
a review of the project's original justification
Which of the following items best describes a project Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?
a tool that the team uses to progressively divide deliverables into smaller and smaller pieces
All of the following items contribute to developing empowered performance in an organization EXCEPT ____________.
accepting the fact that the project manager has total decision making authority
Change control is a process wherein change proposals to various project planning elements are _________.
acknowledged, formally documented, and either approved or declined after review
Which of the following factors should be considered in a make-or-buy decision?
advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing in terms of time, cost and performance control
A common tool project teams use is a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM). Typically, this chart will show _______.
all the work packages and the resources assigned for various responsibilities regarding each work package
Work Breakdown Structures can be displayed in a variety of formats including which of the following?
an indented outline format
A __________ approach can help a project manager monitor and control a project. In this approach, a project manager evaluates the organization along four perspectives: customer, internal business, financial, and growth and innovation.
balance scorecard
A _______ is the approved project plan mainly consisting of scope, schedule, and cost that is not normally altered unless a formal change control request is approved for modifying these plans
baseline
One useful method of process improvement involves consideration of how another organization performs a process, identifying and analyzing best practices for improvement ideas. This method is known as __________.
benchmarking
Which estimating technique decomposes the work into lower, more detailed pieces, preferably the lowest level of WBS work elements, for which estimates are prepared and then aggregates them into a total quantity for the project?
bottom-up estimating
__________is a method of estimating what is needed to meet the requirements of each of the lower, more detailed pieces of work, preferably the lowest level of WBS work elements, and these estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity.
bottom-up estimating
Some organizations rely upon a formal group authorized and responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting any changes to any aspect of the project plan by following a formal communication method of documenting the decision process. This group is typically known as a _________.
change control board
A _________ is a written request or formal proposal to propose changes to any project planning component such as a document, project deliverable, or baseline (scope, cost, and time).
change request
All of the following reasons might lead to a contract termination for default EXCEPT
changing customer priorities
Normal or random variations that are considered part of operating the system at its current capability are ____________.
common cause variations
Which of the information below would NOT typically be included in the WBS dictionary for a specific work package?
communication requirements
Milestones are important points in a project schedule that can serve as check points for project managers and sponsors. Which of the following could be a reason to identify a milestone during project schedule planning?
completion of a major deliverable
The _____________ process occurs when the project is underway, seller responses are obtained, prospective suppliers are evaluated using a variety of methods, sellers are selected and contracts are awarded.
conduct procurement
Which of the following activities illustrates a risk response strategy designed to research a threat or an opportunity?
construct a prototype to learn more about a candidate solution
The _________is the approved budget, usually in a time distribution format, that is used to estimate, monitor, and control the overall cost performance of the project.
cost baseline
Which of the following types of contracts involves payment to the seller for the seller's actual approved costs of completed work, plus a fee typically representing the seller's profit?
cost-reimbursable contract
The method of dividing the project scope into many parts that, when combined, would constitute the project deliverable is called _____
decomposition
The procurement management plan _______ .
describes how a project team will acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization
Define Scope is the process of developing the _________.
detailed specifications of the project outcomes and products.
The term "__________" describes how project managers can give direction to, influence, and regulate project work.
determine
While the manage communications process is underway, effective information distribution often requires the project manager and team to accomplish all of the following activities EXCEPT _________.
develop responses to identifies risks
All of the following practices have proven effective for managing lessons learned in an organization EXCEPT __________.
documenting all lessons learned only at the end of the project
All of the following methods have proven to be useful techniques to help project teams identify the risks that might impact the project EXCEPT _________.
documenting lessons learned
Joseph Juran provided guidance regarding how to control quality. Which of the following items is consistent with his quality control guidance?
establish measurement systems
The process of developing an approximation of monetary resources needed to complete project activities is known as __________.
estimate cost
Projects often include indirect costs that are necessary to keep the organization running, but are not associated with one specific project. Which of the following items are most typically considered to be indirect costs?
executive salaries, utilities and insurance
What type of cost is incurred when a project must be conducted faster than normal, and overtime for workers and / or extra charges for rapid delivery from suppliers are necessary?
expedited costs
Which of the following responses identifies a common type of logical dependency used to sequence project activities?
finish-to-start
During schedule and cost control, when comparing performance to the schedule and cost baselines, if schedule or budget has changed these changes should be __________.
formally recommended and managed through the integrated change control system
The amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of immediately following schedule activities is________.
free float
In which of the following tools would a normal or bell-shaped curve be expected if no special conditions are occurring?
histogram
The project scope planning processes include all of the following EXCEPT:
how the business case will be created
The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a framework that will be used as a basis for further planning activities including all the following EXCEPT
identifying key stakeholders
A/an _____________ is the process of reviewing all change proposals, estimating their impact on project goals wherever appropriate, approving or declining changes, and managing changes to deliverables, schedules, budgets, and the project management plan.
integrated change control
Which of these is NOT one of the items that can provide useful assistance to a project team to define the activities of a project?
issue logs
Events discovered during Identify Risks that may or may not occur are often categorized as __________.
known unknowns
On agile projects, the scope definition begins with _________.
large chunks of work, or features
Any of the following attributes can serve as a useful factor for coding lessons learned EXCEPT __________.
lessons learned owner
The decision process for developing relevant quality standards on a project includes all of the following activities EXCEPT __________.
make tradeoff decisions
The documentation of a project cost estimate generally requires substantial supporting detail to include all of these EXCEPT __________.
management reserve needs
The sequencing of activities is often based upon dependencies between the activities. The dependencies that should guide activity sequencing can be either ___________.
mandatory or discretionary
Which of these represents a typical problem that can make it difficult to estimate activity durations accurately ?
merging - multiple predecessors
All of the following elements should be included in a project scope statement EXCEPT _________.
names of the project team members
Activity based costing allocates overhead (indirect costs) to fixed costs based upon four different types of drivers. Which of the following is one of the cost drivers that serves as a basis of cost allocation?
number of units produced
Which estimating technique uses a statistical relationship between historical data and other variables (e.g., square footage in construction, lines of code in software development) to calculate an estimate for scope, cost and duration?
parametric estimating
Which estimating technique uses a statistical relationship to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and other project parameters?
parametric estimating
Which of the following terms describes a method for transforming contractual arrangements into a cohesive, collaborative project team with a single set of goals and established procedures for resolving disputes in a timely and cost-efficient manner?
partnering
Project managers can identify risks by learning and understanding the cause and effect relationships that bear on risk events. All of the following approaches rely upon an understanding of cause and effect relationships to identify risks EXCEPT _________.
perform a Monte Carlo analysis
Evaluation criteria used to rate proposals and other supplier characteristics might include all of these EXCEPT __________.
personal relationships with senior management
The ________ documents the portion of work to be purchased, in enough detail so potential suppliers can decide if they feel they are capable of and interested in providing it.
procurement statement of work
The project scope baseline consists of the approved versions of three of the four documents listed below. Which of these documents is NOT included in the project scope baseline?
project charter
All of the following items are generally considered when selecting the right type of contract EXCEPT:
project organization's accounting system
Evaluations of prospective suppliers by project teams often involve all of the following approaches EXCEPT __________.
prototyping
All of the following activities illustrate a risk response strategy designed to exploit (or take advantage of) an opportunity EXCEPT __________.
purchase insurance
Which of the following documents describes how the project team will implement the performing organization's quality policy?
quality management plan
Which of these is a measurement used to ensure customers receive acceptable products or deliverables?
quality metric
Costs that repeat as project work continues such as the cost of writing code or laying bricks are appropriately classified as __________.
recurring costs
Which of the following terms best describes extra money in the project budget to be used if necessary - usually if a risk event occurs?
reserve
Project teams can often identify risks by conducting any of several types of reviews. Which of the following illustrates a valuable type of risk review?
review the communication plan to determine where poor communications could cause a problem
All of the following are among the classic risk response strategies EXCEPT __________.
share a threat
Which of these is NOT an issue to be considered when selecting team members?
stages of team development
Often a project team will start the selection process by establishing a list of potential suppliers. All of the following information sources are frequently used to identify these potential suppliers EXCEPT __________.
stakeholder register
The four contemporary core project quality concepts that evolved from the quality gurus and frameworks include which of the following?
stakeholder satisfaction
When estimating resource needs, project teams should consider all the following EXCEPT ______.
strengths and weaknesses of scoring models.
A _________ consists of all the parties involved in fulfilling a customer's request or order.
supply chain
A project team attempting to close a project should review which of the following to ensure the customers are satisfied with the project work?
the customer feedback and scope verification
Which party to a contract absorbs the majority of cost risk when a Firm-Fixed-Price (FFP) contract is used?
the seller
A project team attempting to close a project should review all of the following documents to ensure that everything promised was delivered EXCEPT __________.
the stakeholder register
The Budget at Completion (BAC) is the sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed on a project. As such it is equivalent to __________.
the total planned value of the project
All of the following items are valid reasons to conduct a project kick-off meeting EXCEPT __________.
to emphasize that all decisions will be made exclusively by the project manager
Which of the following activities illustrates a risk response strategy designed to mitigate a threat?
train a team member to cover for a potentially unavailable key resource
When a project team elects to purchase insurance, or adopts a fixed price contract with a vendor, or hires an expert, it is demonstrating which of the following risk response strategies?
transfer a threat
Fact-based management includes four key ideas. Which of the following is among the key ideas associated with fact-based management?
understanding variation
Closure of a project generally entails all of the following activities EXCEPT __________.
updating the project management plan
When a project is completed on time, the project team must accomplish all of the following activities EXCEPT __________.
use alternative dispute resolution
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables is known as __________.
validate scope
All of the following criteria can be used to categorize project risks EXCEPT _________.
whether the risk is a known known
Faced with significant schedule challenges, the project manager has an ethical responsibility to do all of the following EXCEPT:
willingly accept end dates dictated by customers or sponsors
The work component at the lowest level of the WBS for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed is called the ______ .
work package