Prostate - Normal
cancer can elevate PSA by as much as ___%
10
When does the prostate gland form in utero?
11th week
The post glandular portion makes up? and contains?
2/3 of the prostate gland; 4 zones
How many prostate zones are there?
4
What is the normal size for a prostate?
4 (L) X 3 (AP) X 4 (W) cm
shadow from where the ejaculatory ducts join the urethra at the verunmontanum?
Eiffel Tower sign
What is the premature structure that fuses in ML and forms a prostatic utricle (small pouch near the prostatic ducts)?
Mullerian ducts
Which ducts fuse midline?
Mullerian ducts
Ducts that carry seminal fluid?
Wolffian ducts
What is the premature structure that form the ejaculatory ducts, vas deferens, epididymis, and seminal vesicles?
Wolffian ducts
The urethra divides the prostate gland into what portions?
ant fibromuscular portion and post glandular portion
What is the name for the caudal/inferior portion of the prostate (just superior to the urogenital diaphragm)?
apex
Where do the vas deferens and seminal vesicle connect?
at the verumontanum
Section of the prostate located just inferior to the urinary bladder.
base
What is the name for the superior portion of the prostate gland?
base
What does the inferior vesicle artery supply?
base of bl, seminal vesicles, ureter
What makes up the inner gland?
central and transitional zones
Which zone contains 25% of the prostatic glandular tissue?
central zone
Which zone do the ejaculatory ducts pass through?
central zone
Which zone does the ejaculatory duct pass through?
central zone
calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland and surgical capsule?
corpora amylacea
duct that connects the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle to the urethra at the verumontanum
ejaculatory duct
Non-glandular portion anterior to urethra, NOT affected by cancer, prostatitis, or hyperplasia
fibromuscular stroma
Is the prostate hetero- or homo- geneous?
heterogeneous
What supplies the base of the bl, seminal vesicles, and ureter?
inferior vesicle artery
Name the arterial perfusion of the prostate.
internal iliac artery --> prostaticovesical a --> prostatic a (splits to urethral & capsular)
Where is the transitional zone located?
lat of prox urethra
Is disease common in the central zone?
no
What makes up the outer gland?
peripheral zone
Where is the source of most prostatic cancer?
peripheral zone
What is the largest zone and what percentage does it make of the glandular tissue?
peripheral zone; 70%
Name the 4 glandular zones.
peripheral, central, transitional, periurethral
Small area of glandular tissue that surrounds the prox prostatic urethra, involved in BPH
periurethral glandular zone
Where is the peripheral zone located?
post and lat
Where does PSA come from?
prostate ducts (& liquifies ejaculatory)
PSA elevates?
prostate function
What lies anterior to the prostate?
pubic bone
What lies posterior to the prostate?
rectum
Is the prostate retro- or intra- peritoneum?
retroperitoneum
reservoirs for sperm
seminal vesicles
Where is the central zone located?
superior
demarcation between the inner gland and the outer gland?
surgical capsule
5% of prostate glandular tissue?
transitional zone
Where is the sight of origin for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
transitional zone
What lies superior to the prostate?
urinary bladder
What lies inferior to the prostate?
urogenital diaphragm (muscle sheath that surrounds urethra)
small elevation of the urethral crest in which the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are on either side?
verumontanum
What is the most common method to determine the size of the prostate?
volume
