Protists

what type of protists are autotrophic?

algae

pyrenoid

an organelle that synthesizes and stores starch

what do all of these protists have in common? Parasitic giardia, Trichomonas vaginalis Trypanosomas.

excavates are anaerobic protists that have modified mitochondria

what is pseudopodia?

(cytoplasmic extensions) used for locomotion and capturing food. in amoebas and foraminferans

Name characterisitcs of Green Algae

1. Archaeplastid supergroup 2. Some exist as single cell, Some exist as long filaments 3. two long flagella to propel toward light, most likely most recent ancestor of my g plants: They have cell walls that contain cellulose. They possess chlorophylls a and b. They both have carotenoids

Name characteristics of Red Algae

1. Archaeplastid supergroup 2. multicellular, warmer seawaters, 3. Smaller and more delicate than brown algae, Contains the pigment Phycoerythrin 4. used to make agar, SEEweeed snacks, very important in coral and sea ecosystems. commericaly valuable

Name charcterisics of the amazing Euglena

1. Excavata supergroup 2. unicellular, freshwater, autotrophic but can turn heterotrophic when in the dark for too long (mixotrophic) , freshwater habitat 3. motile, Chloroplasts, Pyrenoid, Two flagella, Eyespot (stigma), Pellicle , Contractile vacuole, Nucleus with a nucleolus 4. they are the best, not harmful to anybody :)

Name the characteristics of Parasitic Trichonomas vaginalis

1. Excavata supergroup 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, anerobic with modified mitochindria, sexually transmitted parasite 3. flagella and undulating membrane 4. In women - Feeds on white blood cells and bacteria in vaginal lining In men - no symptoms of infection, but can repeatedly infect female partners

Name the characterisics of Parasitic Giardia Intestinalis

1. Excavata supergroup 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, anerobic with modified mitochondria, parastic, humans, animals, water 3. Its cysts are transmitted through water contaminated with the feces of infected animals . In the intestine, the cysts develop into trophozoites that cause severe diarrhea 4. boil ur water plese

Name the characteristic of Parasitic Leishmania

1. Excavata supergroup 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, parasitic, tropics bot areas 3. symptoms vary in people; can cause skin sores, or effects on internal organs 4. vector: sand flies

Name the characteristics of Trichonymha

1. Excavata supergroup 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, termites gut 3. enzyme cellulase which "digests" cellulose. In this process, sugar and starch by-products are produced by the flagellates which the termites can then metabolize. 4.mutualisitc realtionship

Parasitic Trypanosoma

1. Excavata supergroup, AKA African sleeping sickness 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, anerobic with modified mitochondria, parastie 3. first stage; haemolymphatic phase; fever, headaches, joint pains and itching. 2nd satge; neurological phase, invades the central nervous system. In general this is when the signs and symptoms of the disease appear: confusion, sensory disturbances and poor coordination. Disturbance of the sleep cycle, which gives the disease its name Without treatment, sleeping sickness is fatal. 4. vector; tsete fly

Name the characteristics of Brown Algae:

1. SAR supergroup member, Stramenopil clade, 2. multicellular, seaweeds, pigment fucoxanthin, cool, saltwater habitat 3. specialized strucutres, holdfast- rootlike structures that anchor the thallus to rocks, air bladders- allows the leaflike thallus to float 4. make up, good for ecosystem with seals and fish

Name the characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum

1. SAR supergroup, Alveolae clade 2. causes malaria, parasitic, unicellular, heterotrophic vector: misquitos

Name the characteristics of Dinoflagellates:

1. SAR supergroup, Alveolate clade 2. unicellular, found in marine settings, heterotophic 3.cellulose plates covering 4. symbiotic relationships with coral reefs, qourum sensing, red tide, kills fish with neurotoxin

Name the characteristics of paramecium:

1. SAR supergroup, Alveolate clade, ciliate phylum 2. unicellular, heterotrophic 3. mock digestion system, pellicle, micronucleus, macronucleus, trychocyts 4.Digestion: Oral groove, gullet, food vacuole, lysosomes, and anal pore

Name the characterisitcs of Foraminiferans

1. SAR supergroup, Rhizaria clade 2. unicellular, heterotophic, inhabit warm ocean waters of the world. 3. Secretes an elaborate chalky calcareous, snail-like (CaCO3) shell with thousands of holes by which long, thin, threadlike pseudopodia can pass 4. Oil deposits are potentially indicated by their fossilized remains.

Name the characteristics of Radiolarians

1. SAR supergroup, Rhizaria clade 2. unicellular, heterotrophic, exculsively marine settings 3. They have silicious (glass) exoskeletons in very intricate forms, through which extend stiff radiating spines 4. oldest known group of animal like organisms compressed through time into siliceous, sedimentary rock

Name the characteristics of Water molds:

1. SAR supergroup, Stramenopil clade 2. special group that are unicellular but can turn to multicellular under stress, found in water or damp soils, 3.filamentous, cell walls of cellulouse 4. not fungi!! becasue it is a diploid and cell wall strucutre is special to protists

Name the characterisics of Toxoplasmosis

1. SAR supergroup, alveolate clade 2. vector: cats Since this parasite can cross the placental barrier, it can lead to serious birth defects. Pregnant women are cautioned to not clean out a cat's litter box during the pregnancy.

Name characteristics of Amoebas

1. Unikont supergroup, Amoebazoans clade 2. unicellular, heterotrophic phagocytosis 3.Cell membrane, Contractile vacuole, Nucleus/nucleolus, Food vacuole, Mitochondria Pseudopodia 4. Amoeboid motion

Name characteristics of plasmodial slime molds

1. Unikonts supergroup, amoebazoan clade 2. on rocks 3. enormous single cells with thousands of nuclei. They are formed when individual flagellated cells swarm together and fuse. The result is one large bag of cytoplasm with many diploid nuclei. 4. useful for studies in cytoplasmic streaming

Name characterisitcs of E. histolytica

1. Unikonts supergroup, amoebazoan clade 2. unicellular, parasitic, heterotrophic, feces, humans 3. amoeba so has pseudopodia, cysts 4.The amoeba can actually 'bore' into the intestinal wall, causing lesions and intestinal symptoms, and it may reach the blood stream. then to the major organs

with green algae's reproductive cycle; name the steps

1. spores go oops mitosis 2. ope look im a gametophyte boy and there is a gametophyt girl 3. eee look gametes 4. the gametes fuse OOoooO 5. i am zygote or sporophyte 6. meiosis and repeat

Name characteristics of Cellular Slime Molds

1. unikonts supergroup, amoebazoan clade 2.Spend most of their time as solitary amoeboid cells. When food is scarce the cells swarm together to form a multicelllular mass (slug stage)

Name the characteristics of Diatoms:

1.SAR supergroup member, Stramenopil clade, 2.unicellular, yellowish brown chloroplast,most numerous unicellular algae in ocean, 3.GeOmeTric, walls made of two assymetrical halves, cell wall composed of silica, 4. very good food source, colonies, fishy taste uwu

Contrast the plasmodium of a plasmodial slime mold with the slug-like stage of a cellular slime mold.

A plasmodium is not multicellular, but is one cytoplasmic mass with many nuclei; the slug-like stage of a cellular slime mold consists of many cells.

what clade do parastic protists belong to?

Alveolate

What domain do protists belong to?

Eukarya

what are sone charcteristics of parasitic alveolates?

Have no means of locomotion Unicellular All are parasitic Forms spores Most have a complex life cycle, often involving multiples hosts Carried to new host by other organisms

In what way do multicellular organisms differ fundamentally from unicellular ones?

In unicellular organisms, all the functions of life are carried out within a single cell. Multicellular organisms have specialized cells that perform different functions.

name the digestive process of paramecium:

Oral groove, gullet, food vacuole, lysosomes, and anal pore

What is the purpose of the macronucleus?

Performs basic cell functions

What is the purpose of the pellicle and where is it found?

Protection, on top of the cell membrane

What is the purpose of the micronucleus?

Reproduction

what are the protist supergroups

SAR, excavata, Unikonta, and Archae plastida

What are the three clades of the SAR supergroup?

Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria

How does chromosome number differ in the gametophyte and sporophyte in the alternation of generations life cycle?

The gametophyte is haploid (n); the sporophyte is diploid (2n).

what does the term excavata mean

This term refrences to the "excavated" food groove that a lot of the members of the group posses

What is the purpose of the trichocysts?

Threadlike organelle that is used for defense

Why may sexual reproduction occur with protists?

To create genetic variability

what is Phagocytosis? u better know this stupid its review

process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell

Archaeplastids include

red algae, green algae, land plants

Multicellularity evolved in ancestral lineages of...

stramenopiles (brown algae), unikonts (fungi and animals), and archaeplastids (red and green algae and plants).

What are unikonts?

supergroup of protists that are closely related to plants and animals