PSS 2401- Entomology Exam 1
Arthropods
- jointed appendages
Interesting facts
-2% of extant insects are responsible for destructive effect -remaining 98% (nearly 1 million species) are classified as either neutral or beneficial to humans
Characteristics of Insects
-Bilateral Symmetry -Exoskeleton -Jointed legs -Eyes -Antennae -Wings -Spiracle -Trachea -Hemolymph- no blood vessels -Brains- ganglia and paired ventral nerved cord
Father of the Classification System
-Carl Linnaeus -system of BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE -authorities of names are those who named and described the species
Classification levels
-Kingdom (Animalia) -Phylum (Arthropoda) -Class (Insecta) -Order (Diptera, true flies) -Families (Muscidae) -Genus (Musca) -Species (domestica)
Bilateral Symmetry of Insects
-a basic body plan in which the left and right sides of the organism can be divided into approximate mirror images of each other along the midline
Antennae
-a pair on head -jointed -sensory (smell) -called "feelers"
Entomologist
-a person who studies insects
Invertebrates
-animals that do not have a backbone
Sequencing of genes
-are producing a revolution of the systematics of insects, via molecular-based systematics.
Earth's species
-around 70% of all known species on earth are arthropods --75% of those are insects
Jointed legs
-as adults, insects have six legs (3 pair) -located on the middle section (the thorax) of the body -locomotory organ
Entomology
-basic and applied science
Scientific Name
-combination of the genus and species epithet
Applied science
-crop protection, freshwater bioassessment, forest entomology, etc.
Who cares about insects?
-everyone -scientists, teachers, veterinarians, pest control operators, farmers, crime-scene investigators
Tagmosis
-grouping of segments into a functional morphological unit
Insects (and arthropods)
-have segmented bodies
Why study bugs?
-insects can powerfully shape human existence through destructive interactions -Top four reasons -1. insects spread diseases to us -2. insects eat our crops -3. insects eat our stored food -4. insects main and kill our livestock (and pets)
Trachea
-insects exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between their tissues and the air by a system of air-filled tubes
Numbers
-intvertebrates -1.4 million -vertebrates -62,000 -plants -321,000
Eyes
-located on the head of the insects -two kinds of eyed --simple --compound
Wings
-most adults have 2 pairs -forewings -hindwings -some insects are wingless --silverfish --fleas --some termites --ants -flying organs
Greek entomos
-notched segment
Spiracles
-on the exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea
Basic research
-physiology, biochemistry, structure, taxonomy, life histories
Insects central to our (human) well being
-pollination -insect-derived foods -insect's recycling efforts (dead things) -insect derived products (shoe and furniture polish)
Systematics
-seeks to determine the relatedness of different life forms -makes extensive use of fossil records along with biological features of extant species
Entomological Society of America
-standardized the common names
Radial symmetry
-symmetry about a central axis- like a starfish
Exoskeleton
-the hard, shell-like covering on the outside of the body -the external skeleton -primarily made of CHITIN -used for protection -maintain internal homeostasis
The body of an adult insect is divided into three parts
-the head -the thorax -the abdomen
Taxonomy
-the science of classification
Entomology
-the study of insects
Phylogenetics
-the study of the evolutionary relations between organisms
Latin insectum or insectare
-to cut into pieces
