PSU CRIMJ210- Policing in America Exam 1
According to John Firman, the research director for the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the most common restriction on hiring applicants for police service with a history of drug use within the recent past is ____________________ years free from using hard drugs and five years free from marijuana.
10
Among local departments, women account for approximately ____________________ percent of sworn personnel.
12
The police make approximately ____________________ million arrests a year.
12.2
The most turbulent eras for American policing were the:
1960s and 1970s
Nationwide, in 2008, the sworn law enforcement employee average was ____________________ law enforcement employees per 1,000 citizens.
2.5
Most police agencies require the vision of a police applicant to be correctable to:
20/50
**According to the text, _______ percent of agencies assign officers to a multiagency drug task force.
22, 35, 48, or 51
Racial and ethnic minorities constitute approximately ____________________ percent of full-time sworn personnel in local departments.
24
***The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that by 2050, minority populations will be ____________________ percent of the population.
25,33, 54, 64
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately ____________________ percent of police departments require applicants to take a polygraph.
26
Among local law enforcement agencies in 2007, the percentage of officers employed by a department with some type of college requirement was ____________________ percent.
29
The largest county police department (not a sheriff's office) in the United States is the Miami-Dade County, Florida, department, which has approximately how many sworn officers?
3,000
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, ____________________ percent of local police departments provide college tuition reimbursement to their officers.
37
Based on 2010 statistics, approximately ____________________ people were killed justifiably by police in a three-year period.
390
The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended that police departments provide an absolute minimum of ____________________ hours of classroom work.
400
Using a traditional three-tour system with one officer per beat per shift, about how many officers actually must be available to cover each beat?
5
Tradition and civil service rules have established the police officer's working day as ____________________ hours.
8
Adverse impact or different rate of selection occurs when the selection rate for any gender, race, or ethnic group is less than ____________________ percent of that for the group with the highest selection rate.
80 (4/5)
In the United States, ____________________ percent of police departments have 25 or fewer officers.
87
In late April 2010, the governor of the state of ____________________ signed a bill to combat illegal immigration, making this the first state to demand that immigrants carry identity documents legitimizing their presence on American soil.
Arizona
____________________ tend to be costly in human and dollar resources, and although many departments use them for promotional exams, most do not use them for hiring selection.
Assessment Centers
The person known as the father of American policing is:
August Vollmer
Who served as chief of police in Berkeley and instituted many practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including incorporating university training as a part of police training?
August Vollmer
___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants.
Beadles
The power of police is limited by state laws and the:
Bill of Rights
The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what city?
Boston
The police strike of 1919 occurred in:
Boston
Which of the following is part of the Department of Justice?
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
____________________ is defined as an organizational model marked by hierarchy and promotion on professional merit and skill.
Bureaucracy
What U.S. state employs the most full-time state and local law enforcement personnel?
California
Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston police strike and later became president of the United States?
Calvin Coolidge
William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make reducing crime its primary objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission?
CompStat
The FBI falls under the purview of the:
Department of Justice
The primary legal and prosecutorial arm of the U.S. government is the:
Department of Justice
What federal department operates the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) as its research arm?
Department of Justice
What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he was a piece of property, not a citizen?
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is operated by the:
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Which New York City police officer's tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission?
Frank Serpico
Which of the following states does not have a state law enforcement agency?
Hawaii
Who formed the Bow Street Runners?
Henry Fielding
The specific crimes measured by Part I of the Uniform Crime Reports are called:
Index Crimes
Between 1997 and 2006, federal prosecutors rejected nearly two-thirds of the ____________________ cases brought to them by the FBI and other investigators, more than twice the rejection rate for all federally prosecuted crimes.
Indian Reservation
The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was:
J. Edgar Hoover.
Shared leadership attained renewed interest in the 1980s and 1990s in response to:
Japanese industry's success.
43. The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the ___________, released a report stating, "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal."
Kerner Commission
The federal government program that gave grants for police officers to attend college was called:
LEEP (Law Enforcement Education Program)
Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all state courts in America?
Mapp v. Ohio
Recruiters will have to tap into the desires of the:
Millenials and Generation Next
Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in police custody and will be interrogated must be advised of their constitutional rights?
Miranda v. Arizona
What national database contains information on outstanding warrants and criminal histories?
National Crime Information Center
The ____________________ maintains the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) as a national clearinghouse of criminal justice information.
National Institute of Justice
The largest Indian law enforcement agency is:
Navajo Nation
The largest local police department in the United States is in:
New York City.
The label given to the current generation of 18- to 25-year-olds is:
Next Generation
Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for policing?
O. W. Wilson
The civil service system was created by the:
Pendleton Act
By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities?
Pinkerton's National Detective Agency
39. The largest special jurisdiction agency in the United States is:
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor were called the:
Praetorian Guard.
What law conferred criminal jurisdiction in Indian country to six state governments as well as the federal government?
Public Law 83-280
Officer Green believes that it is impossible to achieve the goals and objectives of the police department and concentrates his efforts on the concept of police loyalty and the mutual support of his fellow officers. According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n):
Realist
In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police-community relations?
Rodney King beating
What police department has served as the model for field training programs since the 1970s?
San Jose, California
Which of the following is responsible for the investigation of counterfeiting of U.S. currency?
Secret Service
Which of the following is responsible for the protection of the president, vice president, and their families?
Secret Service
Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England?
Sir Robert Peel
What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch?
Statute of Winchester
In 1985, the fleeing felon rule was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case of:
Tennessee v. Garner
The first state police agency was the:
Texas Rangers
Which of the following is incorrect?
The police make more arrests for minor violations than serious crime.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons police exercise discretion?
The police want to show they have a caring attitude toward the community.
The Department of Justice is under the control of:
U.S. Attorney General
The federal Witness Security Program (popularly known as witness protection) is administered by the:
U.S. Marshals Service
Which of the following is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners and the security of federal courthouses?
U.S. Marshals Service
What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible terrorists?
USA Patriot Act
The program that provides an annual compilation of all crimes reported to local police is called the:
Uniform Crime Reports
The National Center for Rural Law Enforcement (NCRLE) is a part of what university?
University of Arkansas
What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition?
Volstead Act
In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. This commission was known as the:
Wickersham Commission
Law enforcement officers in what state might routinely face the problem of not having immediate backup in most situations?
Wyoming
Which of the following is not one of James Q. Wilson's operating styles?
aggressive
Which of the following is called a special jurisdiction agency?
all of the above (port authority police, college police, parks and wildlife)
In the 1970s, the American Law Institute proposed a(n) ____________________, which included new policies on the use of deadly force.
alternative rule
Regarding arrests and the police screening process, most departments reject applicants with:
an adult or juvenile felony conviction.
Activities that benefit other units within the police department more frequently than do administrative activities are called:
auxiliary services
Most federal law enforcement agencies have the following education requirement:
bachelor's degree.
The smallest geographical area a single patrol unit can patrol effectively is called a:
beat
The Metropolitan Police was organized around the _____________, in which officers were assigned to relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with them and the people residing there, thereby making the officer a part of neighborhood life.
beat system
The typical police officer of today is ____________________ than previous generations of police officers.
better educated
Informal job actions by officers in which they refuse to perform certain job functions in an attempt to win labor concessions from their employers are called:
blue flu
According to the text, the Sherman Report criticized current police higher education and suggested that higher education programs for the police should offer them a ____________________ experience.
broadening
The purpose of the medical examination is to screen out:
candidates who cannot do the police job.
A state law enforcement system that combines the duties of major criminal investigations with the patrol of state highways and small towns into one agency is generally called the ____________________ model.
centralized
The highly organized rank structure for sworn members of a department is known as:
chain of command
The management concept that says that each individual in an organization is supervised by one immediate supervisor or boss who in turn reports to a higher supervisor is termed:
chain of command
The police represent the__________power of government and not the military power of government.
civil
The process of removing sworn officers from nonenforcement jobs and replacing them by nonsworn personnel is called:
civilianization
An example of an auxiliary unit in a police department would be:
communications
An entry-level police apprentice without general law enforcement powers suggested by the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice is a:
community service officer (CSO)
The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the__________and the __________.
county sheriff, town marshal
Which of the following is not considered when selecting police applicants?
criminal history of parents
A state law enforcement system that provides for separate agencies for traffic enforcement and other state-level law enforcement functions is generally called the ____________________ model.
decentralized
The ____________________ standard allows police officers to use deadly force against people who are using deadly force against an officer or another person, as well as in certain violent felony situations.
defense of life
A majority of female officers prefer a leader who is considered "transformational" and:
democratic
The first officer at a crime scene is in charge until relieved, at which point the ____________________ takes charge of the scene.
detective/investigator
Statistics clearly indicate that police officers:
do not overuse force
Which of the following is not one of Broderick's police operational styles?
dreamers
According to the text, one way of controlling discretion, particularly improper application of discretion, is the establishment of:
employee early warning systems
Officer Smith believes her role is to maintain order on her beat by arresting criminals. According to Broderick, she would be considered a(n):
enforcer
Younger applicants are showing an increased dependence on texting and social media to communicate and seem to have less experience in:
face-to-face communication
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the U.S. Department of Justice?
federal highway patrol
In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the ____________________ rule unconstitutional.
fleeing felon
The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended:
forming permanent police reserve units.
Which of the following is not one of the major factors Herbert Jacob says causes the police to exercise discretion?
geographic area of the crime
The majority of police departments:
have eliminated the height requirement.
The U.S. Supreme Court case of Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977) dealt with what?
height and weight requirements for necessary job performance
Officer Brown believes his role is keeping the peace and preserving the social order, yet he is very careful not to violate the constitutional rights of individuals. According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n):
idealist
What did the U.S. Supreme Court focus on during the 1960s?
individual rights
Robert Lilly's research concluded that the majority of police calls are in reference to:
information
The main function of Interpol is:
informational
A ____________________ identifies the important tasks performed by police officers and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform those tasks.
job analysis
According to the text, if a competent job analysis is done, tests in the police screening process are considered to be:
job related
The independent body in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, that has authority to make binding decisions on a wide range of policy issues, working conditions, and departmental strategies is called a:
leadership team
The Humortown Police Department issues many summonses and makes many misdemeanor arrests. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department.
legalistic
The Sherman Report suggested recruiting police applicants from what college program?
liberal arts
Who is generally in charge of a platoon?
lieutenant
The majority of law enforcement agencies in America are:
local
Most campus law enforcement agencies have working relationships with:
local law enforcement
Sheehan and Cordner state that the two primary goals and objectives of police departments are:
maintaining order, and protecting life and property.
What does researcher Hrand Saxenian say is the single most important criterion in the police selection process?
maturity
The civil service system is a ____________________ system.
merit
Most police contacts involve:
motor vehicle or traffic-related issues.
A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth-century was/were the:
mutual pledge
Regarding police educational requirements, most departments require:
no college, but at least a high school degree or its equivalent.
The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the:
office of the U.S. Marshal
Which of the following represents the standard order of civil service ranks within a police department from lowest to highest?
officer, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, chief
According to the text, the police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of:
omnipresence
Activities performed in direct assistance to the public are called:
operations
Officer White concentrates her efforts on helping people in trouble, rather than on keeping society safe. According to Broderick, she would be considered a(n):
optimist
What selection process can be used to examine a candidate's characteristics that might be otherwise difficult to assess, including poise, presence, and communication skills?
oral board
The Statute of Winchester established the office of ___________, who was responsible for organizing and supervising the watch.
parish constable
An example of an operations unit in a police department would be:
patrol
Which group is considered the backbone of police services?
patrol officers
What is an example of an administrative unit in a police department?
personnel
According to the text, rather than lose an otherwise quality candidate, departments often provide training or guidance before the:
physical agility test
The collection of all officers working a particular shift is called a:
platoon
What position is considered a "learning position" for potential police candidates while they are pursuing their education?
police cadet
The first decision maker in the criminal justice system and often the most important is the:
police officer
The Latin term__________means "the power of the county."
posse comitatus
According to the text, the legality and morality of the "fleeing felon" rule have been challenged because of the U.S. legal concept of:
presumption of innocence
Which of the following is part of the federal government's imminent danger standard for use of deadly force?
prisoner attempting escape who was being held in a high-security prison
The primary mission of the U.S. Secret Service is:
protection for the president.
After the conditional offer of employment has been made to a potential police applicant, the final stage of the selection process is:
psychological and medical evaluation.
Of the following, the police make more arrests for ____________________ crimes than for the other types.
quality-of-life
The police structure in the United States is:
quasi-military
A patrol officer should report to his or her immediate ____________________, unless an emergency exists or speed is necessary.
sergeant
The first supervisor in the police chain of command is the:
sergeant
Who is generally in charge of a squad?
sergeant
Studies of police discretion have shown that the most significant factor in the decision to arrest is the:
seriousness of the offense committed.
Which of the following is not a common duty of a state police officer?
serve civil process
The Smalltown Police Department uses social service agencies to provide counseling for minor offenders. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department.
service
Police chiefs are possibly the key figure in the police organization because they:
set the vision and tone for the department.
Total quality management, quality circles, job involvement, participative management, and employee empowerment are all known as forms of:
shared leadership
Many historians and scholars indicate that__________in the American South were the precursor to modern highway patrols.
slave patrols
Choke holds, carotid holds, and neck restraints became a source of controversy after:
some deaths
The number of officers or subordinates a supervisor can supervise effectively is called:
span of control
Police officers are considered ____________________ members of the department.
sworn
Egon Bittner has stated that police work has, from its earliest origins, been a:
tainted occupation
According to the text many police departments use tests specifically developed for:
the police selection process
Which of the following is not one of the factors that may influence police discretion as indicated by research findings?
time of day
Police officers have ____________________ discretion.
tremendous
The police role is:
very ambiguous.
In 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice ordered prosecutors in 33 states to intensify efforts to fight ____________________, particularly as it affects women and children, on Indian reservations.
violent crime
One of the duties of the ________ was performing duties such as lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from the streets, and putting out fires.
watchmen
The Magic City Police Department maintains order through informal police intervention, including persuasion and threats, or hassling or roughing up disruptive people instead of formal arrests. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department.
watchmen
Physical agility testing has been criticized for discriminating against:
women
The former height and weight requirements were challenged in court because it was believed that they discriminated against:
women and minority candidates.
What stage of the police selection process receives the most litigation?
written entrance exam