PSU Nursing 250 Final Exam
A client gets out of bed following hip surgery, falls, and re-injures her hip. The nurse caring for her knows that it is her duty to make sure an incident report is filed. Which statement accurately describes the correct procedure for filing an incident report? a) The report should contain all the variables related to the incident. b) The physician in charge should fill out the report. c) The reports are used for disciplinary action against the staff. d) The names of the staff involved should not be included.
a
A client is unhappy with the health care provided to him. He approaches the nurse and informs her that he is leaving the facility. The client has not been discharged by the physician. The nurse finds that the client has dressed and is ready to go. What would the nurse's action be in this situation? a) The nurse should call the nursing supervisor and inform her about the situation. b) The nurse should get the client restrained and call the physician. c) The nurse should let the client go because she cannot do anything. d) The nurse should warn the client that he cannot come to the hospital again.
a
A client who is scheduled for abdominal surgery gives informed consent. While reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse identifies the consent form, interpreting it as most reflective of: a) protection of the client's right to self-determination in decision making. b) confirmation of the client's mental capacity. c) client's in-depth knowledge about the treatment options available. d) assurance of client's ability to refuse treatment if necessary.
a
A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact? a) Justice b) Nonmaleficence c) Beneficence d) Fidelity
a
A nurse provides client care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice? a) Code of Ethics b) Definition of Nursing c) Standards of Care d) Values Clarification
a
A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle? a) Fidelity b) Autonomy c) Veracity d) Justice
a
A nurse working in a long-term care facility has an older adult male client who is very confused. Which ethical dilemma is posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting? a) It threatens autonomy. b) It prevents self-directed care. c) It limits personal safety. d) It increases confusion.
a
A student nurse learns how to give injections from the nurse manager, who dictates a list of steps to follow. This is an example of the acquisition of what type of knowledge? a) Descriptive rule-based b) Scientific c) Traditional d) Applied
a
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of human needs, which of the following is the highest level of need(s)? a) Self-actualization b) Physiological needs c) Safety and security d) Belongingness
a
An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question? a) Correlational research b) Descriptive research c) Experimental research d) Quasi-experimental research
a
Breaking the healthcare community into separate entities (such as the medical community, the nursing staff, management, support staff) and analyzing how they work as a whole together is an example of which nursing theory? a) general systems theory b) compartment theory c) adaptation theory d) developmental theory
a
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked? a) The nurse assesses problems initially. b) Each begins with goal development. c) They will answer a posed question. d) There is a period of evaluation.
a
Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. What does this predicted relationship represent? a) Hypothesis b) Abstract c) Dependent variable d) Methodology
a
Nursing research is linked most closely to: a) nursing process. b) outcome measures. c) propositions. d) treatments.
a
There are four concepts common in all nursing theories. Which one of the four concepts is the focus of nursing? a) Person b) Environment c) Nursing d) Health
a
Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions? a) Evaluating b) Planning c) Implementing d) Diagnosing
a
What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters? a) Values b) Morals c) Bioethics d) Ethics
a
When the nurse informs a client's employer of his autoimmune deficiency disease, the nurse is committing the tort of: a) Invasion of privacy b) Battery c) Assault d) Breach of contract
a
Which ethics theory focuses on ends or consequences of actions? a) Utilitarian theory b) Formalist theory c) Adaptation theory d) Deontological theory
a
Which nursing student would most likely be held liable for negligence? a) A nursing student administers medication to a resident, while working as an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) at a local nursing home. b) A nursing student performs a dressing change using sterile technique and documents the presence of necrotic tissue in the wound. c) A nursing student reports that insulin was not administered to the client by the nurse on the previous shift. d) A nursing student completes an incident report after administering a medication to a client, who then experienced an adverse reaction to the medication.
a
Which of the following illustrates the activity of acting in values clarification? a) respecting the human dignity of all clients b) disregarding several alternatives when choosing c) seeking public affirmation for actions d) considering consequences of actions
a
Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process? a) Nursing Process b) Nursing Theory c) Quantitative data d) Qualitative data
a
Which principle underlies the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting? a) Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate. b) The client must directly and personally benefit from the research. c) Descriptive studies are more ethical than experimental studies. d) Any interventions must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
a
Which process evaluates and recognizes educational programs as having met certain standards? a) Accreditation b) Credentialing c) Licensure d) Certification
a
Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply. a) They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. b) They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends. c) They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions. d) They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues. e) They are based on descriptions of what nursing should be.
abcd
Which of the following are examples of characteristics of evidence-based practice (EBP)? Select all that apply. a) It blends the science and art of nursing. b) It is based on current institutional protocols. c) It is a problem-solving approach. d) It uses the best evidence available. e) It is generally accepted in clinical practice.
acd
A client is discussing informed consent prior to a scheduled procedure. Informed consent includes what rights? Select all that apply. a) Right of refusal to participate b) Care at the lowest cost possible c) Confidentiality d) Guarantee of positive outcomes e) Right to withdraw from treatment at any time
ace
A client on a surgical unit asks for the nurse's opinion of the surgeon. The nurse replies, "He is rude. His clients always end up with infections." The nurse is at risk of being accused of which of the following? a) Libel b) Slander/defamation c) Assault d) Negligence
b
A competent adult client is scheduled for surgery. Who signs the informed consent form to allow the surgery? a) A relative b) The client c) A nurse d) The physician
b
A conceptual framework is defined as: a) an explanation of nursing and nursing practice. b) a set of concepts and propositions. c) a foundation for nursing skills and care. d) a set of phenomena and related abstractions.
b
A group of nurse researchers has proposed a study to examine the efficacy of a new wound care product. Which aspect of the methodology demonstrates that the nurses are attempting to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? a) The nurses have organized the study in such a way that the foreseeable risks and benefits are distributed as fairly as possible. b) The nurses are taking every reasonable measure to ensure that no participants experience impaired wound healing as a result of the study intervention. c) The nurses have completed a literature review that suggests the new treatment may result in decreased wound healing time. d) The nurses have given multiple opportunities for potential participants to ask questions, and have been following the informed consent process systematically.
b
A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter, age 6 years, echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission? a) Reward and punishment b) Moralizing c) Responsible choice d) Modeling
b
A nurse does not assist with ambulation for a postoperative client on the first day after surgery. The client falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse? a) Battery b) Negligence c) Assault d) Fraud
b
A nurse has a duty of nonmaleficence. Which of the following would be considered a contradiction to that duty? a) providing all information related to procedures b) refusing to administer pain medication as ordered c) providing comfort measures for a terminally ill client d) assisting the client with ADLs
b
A nurse has taken a telephone order from a physician for an emergency medication. The dose of the medication is abnormally high. What should the nurse do next? a) Document concerns about the order. b) Question the order for the medication. c) Administer the medication based on the order. d) Refuse to administer the medication.
b
A nurse is caring for a woman 28 years of age who has delivered a baby by Cesarean section. She describes her pain as a 9. The nurse medicates her for pain. This is an example of which ethical framework? a) Fidelity b) Beneficence c) Nonmaleficence d) Justice
b
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading? a) Conclusions b) Abstract c) Results d) Review of the literature
b
After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation? a) Authoritative knowledge b) Scientific knowledge c) Philosophical knowledge d) Traditional knowledge
b
An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother with value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification? a) a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. b) a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems c) an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. d) a systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct.
b
As part of a class assignment, a beginning professional nursing student is to prepare a research paper. Which action would be most appropriate to take when identifying a problem area? a) analyze the results to confirm what the problem was b) review scientific literature to develop a research idea c) identify a direction that the research project will take d) express a relationship between the operationalized concepts
b
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: a) care based on pathophysiologic factors. b) use of outcome studies to guide decisions. c) cost efficiency of treatment models. d) evaluation by experts to direct specialty areas.
b
Staff nurses in an ICU setting have noticed that their clients required less interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They passed their observations on to a nurse researcher and asked the researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge? a) Nursing research involves clients in their care while hospitalized. b) Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health. c) Nursing research explains ongoing medical studies to clients and asks for participation. d) Nursing research draws conclusions about the quality of client care.
b
The client was diagnosed with diabetes three years ago, but has failed to integrate regular blood glucose monitoring or dietary modifications into his lifestyle. He has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, an event that has prompted the client to reassess his values. Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates that this client is engaging in the step of prizing within his valuing process? a) The client expresses remorse at how his failure to take make lifestyle changes has adversely affected his health. b) The client expresses pride that he now has the knowledge and skills to take control of his diabetes management. c) The client states that he will now begin to check his blood glucose before each meal and at bedtime. d) The client is now able to explain how his choices have contributed to his renal failure.
b
The nurse finds that there have been several opportunities to share personal prescriptions with family members when they were in need of pain medication or antibiotics. Which area of rules should govern the nurse's moral decision? a) Common law b) Ethics c) Civil law d) Administrative law
b
The student nurse tells her family about a client with AIDS that she cared for in clinical yesterday. Which tort has the student committed? a) Assault b) Invasion of privacy c) Slander d) Fraud
b
What are standards for decision making that endure for a significant time in one's life? a) Roles b) Values c) Ethics d) Beliefs
b
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered? a) Nursing care now incorporates research studies into client care. b) Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care. c) Nurses now spend time looking up the best way to give nursing care. d) Nurses now have to take part in research.
b
Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? a) the need for an orientation toward service b) the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people c) the need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience d) The rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of its consequences.
b
Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? a) Adaptation theory b) General systems theory c) Developmental theory d) Nursing theory
b
Which type of quantitative research is described as follows: to examine cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables? a) Experimental b) Quasi-experimental c) Descriptive d) Correlational
b
Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights? a) Paternalism b) Advocacy c) Ethics d) Autonomy
b
A client is admitted with symptoms of psychosis. The nurse hurries to the client's room when she hears the client calling for help. She finds the client lying on the ground. The nurse assists the client back to the bed and performs a thorough assessment. The nurse informs the physician and completes the incident report. Which statement should the nurse document in the incident report? a) The client was trying to lower the side rails. b) The client was trying to get out of the bed. c) The client was found lying on the floor. d) The client was not aware that he had fallen.
c
A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics? a) Autonomy b) Nonmaleficence c) Fidelity d) Justice
c
A client states that his recent fall was caused by the fact that his scheduled antihypertensive medications were mistakenly administered by two different nurses, an event that is disputed by both of the nurses identified by the client. Which measure should the nurses prioritize when anticipating that legal action may follow? a) Consult with the hospital's legal department as soon as possible. b) Consult with practice advisors from the state board of nursing. c) Document the client's claims and the events surrounding the alleged incident. d) Enlist support from nursing and non-nursing colleagues from the unit.
c
A client undergoing chemotherapy for a brain tumor believes that having a good attitude will help in the healing process. This is an example of what type of knowledge? a) Science b) Virtue c) Philosophy d) Process
c
A client who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs clarification regarding the procedure. The nurse calls the physician at the client's insistence. The physician, who is in a bad mood, is overheard telling the client that the nurse does not know anything. Which legal tort has the physician committed? a) Battery b) Assault c) Slander d) Libel
c
A client with cancer of the stomach tells the nurse, "I cannot bear the pain anymore. Please give me something to end all my suffering and this agonizing pain." The nurse faces a value conflict. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind in this situation? a) The responsbility is to focus solely on the values of the client. b) Values conflict is consistently destructive in nature. c) Human need may affect the values conflict. d) Value conflict has no effect on the client's compliance.
c
A dying client tells the nurse that he doesn't want to see his family because he doesn't want to cause them more sadness. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? a) Educate the client on death and dying concepts. b) Arrange a meeting between the family and the client. c) Help the client clarify his values. d) Allow the client time for quiet reflection.
c
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to? a) the currently-used turning schedule b) clients who have experienced a stroke c) preventing skin breakdown d) turning clients more frequently
c
A nurse assesses a client with psychotic symptoms and determines that the client needs vest restraints. However, the client asks the nurse not to put on vest restraints. What would be the best nursing action? a) Apply restraints after giving a sedative. b) Apply wrist restraints instead of vest restraints. c) Contact the physician and obtain necessary orders. d) Restrain the client with vest restraints.
c
A nurse in a physician's office has noted on several occasions that one of the physicians frequently obtains controlled-drug prescription forms for prescription writing. The physician reports that his wife has chronic back pain and requires pain medication. One day the nurse enters the physician's office and sees him take a pill out of a bottle. The doctor mentions that he suffers from migraines and that his wife's pain medication alleviates the pain. What type of nurse-physician ethical situation is illustrated in this scenario? a) Claims of loyalty b) Disagreements about the proposed medical regimen c) Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice d) Conflicts regarding the scope of the nurse's role
c
A nurse is arrested for possession of illegal drugs. What kind of law is involved with this type of activity? a) Private b) Civil c) Criminal d) Public
c
A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone coronary angioplasty. The cardiac monitor is showing abnormal ECG waves, indicating arterial fibrillation. The nurse does not recognize the importance of the sign; as a result, the client's condition deteriorates and the client has to be taken up for an emergency procedure. Which of the following describes the nurse's legal liability? a) Defamation b) Slander c) Tort d) Felony
c
A nurse is contributing to the analysis of an ethical dilemma. Ethics is best defined as the branch of philosophy that addresses: a) the relationship between law and values. b) conflict between competing priorities. c) standards of conduct. d) decision making.
c
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted? a) Interval research b) Experimental research c) Quantitative research d) Qualitative research
c
A nurse researcher is conducting a scientific literature review. Which statement would be most important for the nurse researcher to keep in mind? a) Untested theories provide little basis for research topics. b) Literature review should be done with a favorable mind. c) Using a systematic approach for this step is most effective. d) The review needs to be limited to no more than 25 resources.
c
A nurse using the principle-based approach to client care seeks to avoid causing harm to clients in all situations. What is this principle known as? a) Fidelity b) Autonomy c) Nonmaleficence d) Justice
c
A nursing student is formulating a problem statement for his research project. What will ensure that the study is a logical extension of the problem cited? a) The problem statement should identify the most likely solution to the problem. b) The problem statement is phrased in a broad, generalized way. c) The population being studied is specified in the problem statement. d) The statement encourages speculative testing rather than empirical testing.
c
A parent teaches his or her children not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action causes a) Insecurity and lack of safety b) Disruption in consistency c) Failure to reflect own values d) Conflict with society
c
A student is conducting a literature review to identify a problem area for his research paper. Which of the following should the student remember when conducting a literature review? a) Abstracts provide detailed information about a topic. b) Books are a primary source for up-to-date informaton. c) Journal reference lists provide sources for original articles. d) Indexes are rarely found on the Internet.
c
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when prioritizing a patient's plan of care, what would be the nurse's first priority? a) Allowing the family to see a newly admitted patient. b) Teaching the patient to self administer insulin c) Administering pain medication. d) Ambulating the patient in the hallway.
c
Having recently completed a specialty nursing program in neonatal care, a nurse is now preparing to leave her current position on a medical unit and begin providing care in the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The nurse has completed which of the following processes of credentialing? a) Validation b) Licensure c) Certification d) Accreditation
c
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to: a) generate knowledge to guide practice. b) quantify outcomes related to clients. c) prevent further disease and death. d) determine outcomes for clients.
c
The nurse understands that general systems theory has important implications in nursing. Which of the following is an assumption of the general systems theory? a) Human needs are motivational forces. b) All humans are born with instinctive needs. c) Human systems are open and dynamic. d) People grow and change throughout their lives.
c
The role of the institutional review boards for research studies is to: a) publish the research study. b) determine the credibility of a research study. c) protect the rights of human participants. d) document the costs of the study.
c
Upon entering the hospital system, the nurse discusses the rights and responsibilities that the client is entitled to in the institution. The information the nurse discusses is commonly referred to as: a) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice. b) The Code of Ethics for Nurses. c) Patient's Bill of Rights d) The Bill of Rights for Registered Nurses.
c
What is the ultimate goal of expanding nursing knowledge through nursing research? a) Apply knowledge to become independent practitioners. b) Develop technology to provide hands-on nursing care. c) Learn improved ways to promote and maintain health. d) Become full-fledged partners with other care providers.
c
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice? a) Theoretic writing b) Client-focused care c) Evidence-based research d) Case management
c
What phrase best describes the science of nursing? a) art of individualized nursing b) holistic client care c) body of nursing knowledge d) application of clinical skills
c
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process? a) Searching the literature b) Formulating a clinical question c) Evaluating practice change d) Appraising evidence
c
Which component of nursing care is central to the care-based approach to bioethics? a) provision of physical care b) management of care c) nurse-patient relationship d) relationships with healthcare providers
c
Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? a) Veracity b) Nonmaleficence c) Beneficence d) Fidelity
c
Which phrase best describes a value? a) dispositions of character that motivate goodness b) the process by which one decides what is important in life c) a belief about the worth of something to guide behavior d) questions about how one should act and live
c
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks? a) Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care. b) Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice. c) Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. d) Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care.
c
While at lunch, a nurse heard other nurses at a nearby table talking about a client they did not like. When they asked him what he thought, he politely refused to join in the conversation. What value was the nurse demonstrating? a) Men do not gossip with women. b) the importance of food in meeting a basic human need c) basic respect for human dignity d) a low value on collegiality and friendship
c
Values are known to affect a person's functional health. Which of the following values may be related to the perception of health? Select all that apply. a) Language b) Intuition c) Discipline d) Responsibility e) Cooperation
cde
A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This client is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision? a) Beneficence b) Confidentiality c) Justice d) Autonomy
d
A client who is a chronic alcoholic is admitted to the healthcare facility with cirrhosis of the liver, complaining of pain in the abdomen. The client expresses to the nurse that his family does not love and respect him because of his addiction to alcohol. He admits that is unable to perform his role as the bread winner of the family. Which of the following needs should be a priority for the nurse? a) Impaired family patterns b) Ineffective coping c) Low self-esteem d) Pain in the abdomen
d
A client, unsure of the need for surgery, asks the nurse, "What should I do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy? a) "Let me talk to your doctor and I will get back to you as soon as I can." b) "Gosh, I don't know what I would do if I were you." c) "If I were you, I sure would not have this surgical procedure." d) "Tell me more about what makes you think you don't want surgery."
d
A hospice nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that, after much thought, he does not want to pursue any further treatment. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. This action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation? a) Nursing education principles b) Legal responsibilities c) Advanced practice licensure guidelines d) Moral values
d
A nurse is caring for a client who is a celebrity in the area. A person claiming to be a family member inquires about the medical details of the client. The nurse reveals the information but later comes to find out that the person was not a family member. The nurse has violated: a) fidelity. b) veracity. c) autonomy. d) confidentiality.
d
A nurse is providing homecare to a client with a diabetic foot ulcer who needs daily insulin injections. The family caregivers do not possess the technical skill to inject insulin. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? a) The current reimbursement system recognizes the family's nontechnical value priorities b) Nurses should avoid asking the family caregivers to conduct the skilled task c) Family caregivers are always perceived to be supportive of good care d) The nurse needs to be creative in integrating the technical and relational aspects of care
d
A woman age 83 years who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to swallow refuses the insertion of a feeding tube. This is an example of what ethical principle? a) Veracity b) Nonmaleficence c) Justice d) Autonomy
d
In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value? a) Altruism b) Human dignity c) Social justice d) Integrity
d
The student nurse demonstrates the need for further instruction with which statement concerning moral values? a) "Moral values place an emphasis on emotional attitudes." b) "Moral values determine one's beliefs about others." c) "Moral values are intertwined with one's religion." d) "Moral values give individuals some sense of what is right and wrong."
d
To practice ethically, the nurse should: a) allow a committee to guide her practice. b) review past cases before guiding practice. c) ask the family their views on caring. d) avoid allowing her judgment to guide practice.
d
What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse: a) provides continuity of care. b) regulates visitors. c) withholds information as requested. d) stays with the client during his death as promised.
d
Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion and conflict? a) Moralizing b) Modeling c) Responsible choice d) Laissez-faire
d
Which of the following terms is part of quantitative research? a) concept b) ethnography c) process d) variable
d
