PSY 100 - Ch. 8

The first modern test of intelligence was developed in:

France

_____ refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributed to genes.

Heritability

Based on findings from a Swedish study, what effect on intelligence does adoption into wealthier, better-educated families have on infants from poor backgrounds?

It raises intelligence test scores by nearly 5 points.

cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

The garage where Quinn works has specific step-by-step procedures, or _____, for fixing car engines.

algorithm

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight BEST illustrates an inadequate level of:

emotional intelligence.

The factors associated with creativity include:

expertise and a venturesome personality.

Sharon is just learning to speak. She says words like da-da, kitty, and ma-ma. This is not unusual because, whatever the language, when children begin to speak, they tend to use mostly:

nouns

The cognitive process called _______ allows us to recognize supporting evidence for our beliefs, but it also hinders our consideration of contradictory evidence.

confirmation bias

Mary Ellen is a registered Republican. She believes that her positions on political issues are correct because she often finds similar viewpoints expressed in conservative media. Mary Ellen is demonstrating:

confirmation bias.

In one experiment described in the textbook, researchers reduced belief perseverance by encouraging participants to:

consider the opposite point of view.

Laverne's scores on different parts of an IQ test are very different from one another. Laverne's profile of scores on the test:

contradicts the view of intelligence offered by such early theorists as Spearman.

According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence that conflicts with one's point of view on a controversial issue, one tends to:

discount the information.

Which term refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly?

fluid intelligence

Most adults are more likely to choose a birth control method that is said to have a 95 percent success rate than one that is said to have a 5 percent failure rate. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

framing.

Aidan is a bright young man who scored very high on both the critical reading and mathematics sections of the SAT. He is an excellent map reader, and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. According to Spearman, what is likely underlying these abilities?

general intelligence (g)

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that "it's always best to stick with your first answer." Anika's decision BEST illustrates the use of a simple thinking strategy called a(n):

heuristic

Imagine that on average, 6-year-olds can complete a particular block design puzzle in five minutes. It takes 6-year-old Bailey almost eight minutes to complete the task. In Binet's terms, Bailey's _____ age is _____ than 6.

mental; lower

A researcher finds that children's scores on an optimism scale are strongly related to the scores of the same children on a resilience measure when they are adolescents. This finding BEST supports the optimism scale's:

predictive validity.

A beach holiday may be the best example of a vacation. In this instance, a beach holiday is a(n) ____ of the concept of a vacation.

prototype

On which task are women MOST likely to perform as well or better than men?

reciting poetry

Sam does not do well in any of her classes, except math where she excels. Although she is performing at the first-grade level in all of her other classes, she is doing very well in college level algebra. This may be an example of:

savant syndrome.

Emotional intelligence is a specific aspect of:

social intelligence.

Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was MOST clearly necessary for test:

standardization.

Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that:

on average, black Americans perform less well than white Americans on intelligence tests.

At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is MOST likely in the _____ stage of language development.

one-word

Which person BEST illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

Selma, a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

concepts

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

prototype

a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when you compare a feathered creature to a prototypical bird, such as a crow)

A midterm test in a psychology course is an example of a(n) _____ test.

achievement

Broader, more multifaceted views of intelligence started becoming increasingly prominent in psychology during the decade of the:

1980s

Ape language appears to be less complex than human adult language. In addition, ape vocabularies and sentences are simpler, much like those of a _____-year-old child.

2

In the Iranian orphanage, the typical child could not sit up unassisted until at least age _____ or walk until at least age _____.

2; 4

Chen Yu suffered a head injury after crashing his motorcycle. When he awoke from a two-day coma, he found that he could formulate his thoughts linguistically, but he lost the ability to speak. Chen Yu suffered damage to _____ area in the left hemisphere.

Broca's

Your instructor has just asked the class, "What is intelligence?" Which statement embodies the spirit of psychology's simplest answer?

Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.

Is there a difference between the terms mental retardation and intellectual disability?

Yes. Intellectual disability is now the preferred term; mental retardation is an older term.

The SAT is intended to predict high school seniors' performance in college. The SAT is therefore a(n) _____ test.

aptitude

The more we examine the evidence for our point of view, the more we tend to:

become convinced we are correct.

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of:

intelligence

Fourteen-year-old Juliana enjoys playing the piano and never needs prompting from her parents to practice. She writes music and plays the piano several times a day. She tells her parents that she plays because she enjoys creating music. Juliana plays the piano because of:

intrinsic motivation.

When we estimate the likelihood of events based on the ease with which we retrieve them from memory, we are demonstrating:

the availability heuristic.

In testing thousands of different materials for use as light bulb filaments, Thomas Edison BEST illustrated a problem-solving approach known as:

trial and error.

The fact that all human languages have nouns, verbs, and adjectives led Noam Chomsky to refer to:

universal grammar.

"This quiz has nothing to do with my ability to attract a date!" Ignacio protests, after obtaining a disappointing score on a magazine quiz that claims to gauge men's ability to do exactly that. Ignacio is questioning the quiz's:

validity