Psy 100: Chapters 9 & 11
Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?
The exhaustion stage.
Some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied.
true
What is the rooting reflex?
turning of an infants head toward a touch, such as a mothers nipple
11-13 months development milestones
walk
Who believed in irrational beliefs?
Albert Ellis
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Seyle's concept that the body responds to stress in 3 parts with alarm, resistance and exhaustion
During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the ________.
sex organs start to differentiate
6-7 months developmental milestones
sit
Lev Vegotsky
sociocultural theory
What is conception?
when the sperm cell fertilizes the egg (ovum) and creates a single cell zygote
According to Erikson, ____ is the sage of intimacy versus isolation
young adulthood
what does A C B stand for?
Activating events - Beliefs - Consequences
Which of the following statements is true of approach-approach conflicts
Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable.
Life style changes
Generally positive, occur less frequently
Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development?
The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus.
Lawerence Kohlberg
Theory of Moral Development
What is a cross-sectional study?
a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another at the same time
Stress
demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust
Unlike Type A people, Type B people ___________.
are less ambitious and less impatient
Emily is on a diet. For lunch, she has the choice of a salad with fat-free dressing or a fruit plate. However, she does not like either of them. This situation is an example of a(n) __________.
avoidance-avoidance conflict
preterm pregnancy
before 37 weeks
Jean Piaget
cognitive development theory
8-9 months development milestones
crawl
Cancer
development of abnormal or mutant cells
What is the startle, Moro reflex?
draw up their legs and arch their backs, in response to sudden nosies, bumps
What does the placenta do?
exchange of nutrients and wastes with the mother
In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach.
fasle
Type B people are highly driven, competitive, impatient, hostile, and aggressive—so much so that they are prone to getting into auto accidents.
fasle, type a
What is the grasp, Palmar reflex?
grasp objects that press against the palms of their hands
According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development:
have the ability to hypothesize.
Eustress
healthful stress (keep us alert)
What is a schema?
hypothetical mental structure that permits the classification and organization of new information
prenatal development
period of development from conception until birth in 3 stages
What is assimilation?
respond to new stimuli(event) into an existing schema
4-6 Months Developmental Milestone
roll (front to back is easier)
What is a longitudinal study?
same participants studied over time at different ages
What happens during the germinal stage?
-1st stage (conceived by not implanted) -conception to implantation -2 weeks till implantation (dont know you're pregnant at this time)
How many chromosomes do we have?
-46 chromosomes - 23 pairs
What is the fetal stage?
-The third stage of prenatal development -3rd month through birth -characterized by size & maturation -APGAR scores
What is the amniotic sac?
-a thin, fluid-filled membrane that contains amniotic fluid -protects the developing embryo from injury -maintain temperature
Irrational Beliefs
-beliefs tend to catastrophize the extent of loss (blows situation out of control) -magnifies the effects of a problem (this test ruined me as a student)
Motor development
-brain maturation -environment factors
What are the warning signs for stress?
-headaches, -dry mouth - fatigue - loss of appetite/over eating -chest pains -anxiety -short temper
Hassles and life changes can lead to ?
-help predict health problems -affects someones mood
Tragedy of thalidomide
-helps mothers with sickness but turned out it was actually a teratogen
What happens durning the embryonic stage?
-major organ systems are formed -growth occurs (head first Cephalocaudal) -6th week sex is determined -embryo is suspended in amniotic sac/fluid
Type A individuals
-people who are extremely competitive highly committed to work and have a strong sense of time urgency -strive for self-improvement
Type B individuals
-people who are less competitive, less ambitious, relaxed, focus on quality of life
The embryo is connected to the ____ by the ____
-placenta -umbilical cord
what are cancer precautions?
-regular check-ups - stop smoking - fewer fats, more veg & fruits -excersie
What are some Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) precautions?
-stop smoking -less fats, more veg & fruits, whole grains -lower hypertension & LDL cholesterol - manage anger - modify type A personality -exercise
What are the 4 types of conflict?
1. approach-approach 2. avoidance-avoidance 3. approach-avoidance 4. multiple approach-avoidance
3 stages of psychological hardiness?
1. commitment 2. challenge 3.control
What are the 3 stages of prenatal development?
1. germinal stage 2. embryonic stage 3. fetal stage
What are the 5 psychological moderators of stress?
1. self-efficiency (changes) 2. psychological hardiness 3. humor 4. predictability and control 5. emotional support
Average size of newborn
20 inches and 7.5 pounds
full term pregnancy
37-41 weeks
post term pregnancy
42 weeks
Intense or prolonged stress
Affects our moods, impairs our ability to experience pleasure, and harms the body
_______ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.
Androgens
Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles?
noise
What are reflexes?
inborn response to a specific stimulus
As it relates to the placenta, which of the following is accurate?
it prevents the mother and childs blood from mixing
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
leading cause of death in the US
What are daily hassles?
minor aversive events that happen day to day can accumulate to create stress. Includes health, household, time-pressure, environmental, and finical hassles
What is accommodation?
modification of schemas so that information inconsistent with existing schemas can be integrated or understood
What is the major source of stress in America?
money (financial issues)
What is the Babinski reflex?
they fan their toes when the soles of their feet are stimulated
What is the withdrawal reflex?
to avoid painful stimuli
In the context of stressors, Albert Ellis referred to situations such as losing a job as an activating event.
true
Prior to 6 months of age, "out of sight is out of mind"?
true
