PSY 100-Exam Two

The median age at which young children begin walking in the United States is _____ months.

12

Children's anxiety over parental separation peaks around _____ months of age.

13

Babies sleep __ of the day, while adults sleep __

2/3, 1/3

n the United States, about _____ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, _____ percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about _____ percent are walking by age 15 months.

25, 50, 90

Approximately _____ percent of those who have been abused later abuse their own children, a proportion _____ times the national average.

30 , 4

In one survey of sixth graders in 22 U.S. states, 14 percent believed their friends had smoked marijuana while _____ percent acknowledged doing so.

4%

Marcie is driving Adam to the airport. Adam is telling Marcie about some financial difficulties he is having. Periodically, he asks Marcie for her opinion. According to the textbook, attending to the conversation may decrease activity in the areas of Marcie's brain critical for safe driving by nearly _____ percent.

40

On a typical weeknight, the average American sleeps:

7

Average percent of bad dreams?

80%

Approximately _____ percent of Americans admit using a screen emitting sleep-impairing blue light within an hour of bedtime.

90

What scenario is most relevant to the field of cognitive neuroscience

A researcher can tell that someone is looking at a phone based on cortical activation processes

Whereas the study of attachment style is associated with _____, the study of parenting style is associated with _____.

Ainsworth, Baurmrind

Brandon, a gay man, has a sister Emma, and a brother Joe. Both Emma and Joe are straight. Which pattern of results is MOST likely when the spatial abilities of the three siblings are compared?

Brandon's spatial abilities are likely to be similar to Emma's.

_____ is one of the major issues addressed by developmental psychologists.

Continuity and stages

Basic trust as a tenet of social development was proposed by:

Erik Erikson

What is sequential processing?

For saving new problems

Preoperational is to preconventional as Piaget is to _____.

Kohlberg

Which drug is an opiate?

Methadone

_____ gave Stanford preschool children a choice between a marshmallow now and two later. He found that the children who were able to wait had higher completion rates and incomes and were less likely to experience addiction as an adult. He also found that this tendency to wait or not persisted even 40 years later.

Mischel

With respect to the pioneering theorists of cognitive development _____ emphasized the child's interaction with the _____ environment.

Piaget; physical environment, whereas Vygotsky emphasized the child's interaction with the social

If one gently wakes someone who is in _____ sleep, there is about an 80 percent chance the person will report being in the middle of an interesting dream.

REM

Angela is a 7-month-old baby who rolled over for the first time at 4 months of age and can now sit without support. These milestones reflect:

a maturing nervous system

The term circadian rhythm refers to:

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24 hour basis

Which of these men would be considered the MOST attractive to women based on the evolutionary theory of sexual attraction?

a tall, fit 40-year-old man driving an expensive car

Piaget used the term _____ to denote the ability to change one's mental frameworks on the basis of new information and experiences.

accommodation

Ariel is drinking a can of beer. Barry is smoking a cigarette. Cord is smoking a marijuana cigarette. Who is using a psychoactive drug?

all

Which of these is NOT one of the theorized purposes of dreams?

assisting personality development

The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills, which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. Noah will MOST likely be diagnosed with:

autism

Dr. Gonzales seeks to account for the substance abuse of her therapy clients in terms of their abusive home environments, their limited sense of life purpose, and the altered functioning of their neurotransmitter systems. Dr. Gonzales is MOST clearly using a _____ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.

biopsychosocial

Katie prides herself on her ability to spot errors in continuity in movies and television shows. A few minutes ago, she pointed out that a wineglass was nearly empty in one frame, then full in the next. Most people fail to spot these errors in continuity because of:

change blindness

The local hospital has publicized for years that new parents should have their babies sleep on their backs and not their stomachs in order to reduce incidences of crib death. How might following this good advice impact their baby's development?

crawling will be delayed

Babies should be put to sleep on their backs to prevent

crib death

Alcohol initially produces feelings of euphoria, talkativeness, and outgoing behavior because it:

depresses activity in the brain regions involved with self-control and judgment, lowering inhibitions.

Dr. Cole's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is MOST likely that Dr. Cole is a _____ psychologist. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

developmental

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

anielle is consulting her college's course catalog. The description of one psychology course begins, "This course surveys growth and change across the life span in physical, cognitive, and social domains." This course is MOST likely:

developmental psychology

Alcohol may act as a _____, which slows down brain activity of the areas that control judgment and inhibitions.

disinhibitor

Methamphetamine is to Ecstasy as _____ is to _____.

dopamine, serotonin

Which term is matched with the correct social development concept?

easy, temperment

Mike is watching a Disney movie with his son, Jason. Jason likes the movie so much that he becomes excited and stands in front of the television. Mike asks Jason to move so that Mike can see the television. Jason does not move, he is demonstrating:

egocentrism

During the _____ phase, a woman's genital area becomes engorged with blood, her vagina expands and secretes lubricant, and her breasts and nipples may enlarge.

excitement

Another term for nurture is

experience

The MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

feeding

The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the __ period of prenatal development

fetal

The final and longest period of prenatal development is the period of the:

fetus

Leslie is in the tenth grade and is currently taking calculus. She is doing very well and has even earned an A in the class. Leslie is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operational

During sleep, our bodies secrete _____, which affects muscle mass and muscle memory.

growth hormone

Candice tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; her cat chases it excitedly, clutches it in its paws, and rolls around with it. Several tosses later, her cat yawns pointedly and settles itself for a nap. The change in the cat's behavior BEST illustrates:

habituation

Which choice correctly pairs a category of psychoactive drug with an example?

hallucinogen—marijuana

Julia was born in France. For the first three years of her life, she spoke both French and English. Then she moved to the United States. From age 3 on, she only spoke English. Now, as a high school student, Julia will study French. It is MOST likely that she will:

have less difficulty with the French accent

Teenagers work at refining and integrating a sense of self. In Erikson's terms, adolescence is defined by a search for:

identity

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of:

impaired theory of mind

Karly intently watches the live tennis match and does not realize that a bird has landed on the adjacent empty seat next to her. Her inability to notice the bird can be explained by:

inattention blindness

Corey is trying to cut back on his consumption of caffeinated beverages. He will NOT experience:

increased energy

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research on infants revealed that:

infants remember specific associations.

Women are more vulnerable to alcohol than men are because women:

lack an enzyme in their stomachs that helps metabolize alcohol

Among young adults, REM-sleep episodes _____ across the night, and episodes of N3 deep sleep _____. .

lengthen, shorten

What is parallel processing?

made for routine business

Jacob dreamt that he was driving a shiny red sports car and that he was pulled over by the police, but the officer was his best friend. His psychoanalyst interpreted this dream as meaning that Jacob feels his friend is holding him back. Jacob's actual dream represents the _____ content and the interpretation represents the _____ content.

manifest, latent

Which sleep disorder has the opposite effect from insomnia?

narcolepsy

Which phrase BEST reflects the conclusion drawn by the textbook's authors when they reflect on nature, nurture, sex, gender, and sexuality?

nature and nurture

A researcher develops a self-report questionnaire assessing "morningness." High scores indicate the tendency toward being a lark, or morning person, whereas low scores indicate the tendency toward being a night owl. Based on the textbook's discussion, the researcher should find a _____ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of openness, and a ______ correlation between scores on this measure and scores on a measure of the Big Five trait of conscientiousness.

near-zero, positive

If one studies through the night and does not sleep to prepare for an exam, how is this likely to affect one's ability to remember material the next day during the exam?

one will remember less than if one slept

Lou is worried that he will become addicted to the drug he has been taking to relieve his pain and anxiety. He is MOST likely taking a(n):

opiate

Ricardo has compound fractures of his arm and leg and a broken jaw due to an automobile accident. Since the accident, he has been taking morphine, a powerful painkiller. What type of drug is Ricardo taking?

opiate

Dreaming helps people function by:

organizing information

MOST teens and college students

overestimate how much their peers are using drugs

The idea that a species' sleep pattern fits its ecological niche reflects the notion that sleep serves the function of:

protection

Reflecting a use-it-or-lose it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called:

pruning

The ability to rebound from adversity and go on to lead a better life is called _____.

resilience

In the sexual response cycle, heart rate and respiration drop during the _____ phase.

resolution

When a baby's cheek is touched, he or she will turn toward the touch, and open his or her mouth in search of a nipple, this is known as the _____ reflex.

rooting

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____reflex; it helps an infant to _____.

rooting, obtain food

Vygotsky used the term _____ to refer to a framework offering children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

scaffold

Vygotsky used the term __________ to refer to a framework offering children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

scaffold

Gerri ignores the sound of the television to focus on a telephone conversation. Gerri's experience BEST illustrates:

selective attention

In those suffering from alcohol use disorder, prolonged and expressive drinking can

shrink the brain

With respect to its function, sleep does NOT:

spur the production of free radicals.

Dr. Babineaux asks a sample of 8-year-old children to complete measures of several personality traits. When the same children are 16 years old, she asks them to complete measures of the same traits. Dr. Babineaux then computes correlations between the two sets of measures. Her results are MOST relevant to the _____issues.

stability and change

Question Value: 35 points Juan Carlos' son was just arrested for setting the school's outdoor shed on fire. Juan Carlos and his wife admitted to the police that their son has always had an aggressive streak. This example represents the _____ side of the _____ developmental issue.

stability; stability and change

Beginning at around 8 months of age, infants may become fearful around unfamiliar people. This is called _____ anxiety.

stranger

When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the _____ reflex.

sucking

The feelings of euphoria associated with cocaine usage continue until:

the brain's supply of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine drops off

Those who emphasize change over stability would MOST likely cite as an example the fact that:

the first 3 years of life provide a poor basis for predicting a person's eventual traits.

Benny enjoys the feelings created by drinking alcohol. However, over the last several years he has noticed that it takes more and more alcohol to create the desired effects. MOST specifically, Benny's experience illustrates the phenomenon of:

tolerance

Evidence from Thailand suggests that the use of condoms _____ the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

virtually eliminates

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug BEST illustrates:

withdrawl