PSY 101 - Exam 1
Which of the following is least likely to be an example of classical conditioning?
A child cries the first time she hears a police siren.
An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors is called ____.
behaviorism
A study participant grimaces after taking a bite of broccoli; a woman laughs at a joke; a man eats a cookie when he's bored; a child cries when his mother leaves the room. These are all examples of ____.
behaviors
The psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors is called ____.
clinical psychology
The psychological perspective that investigates information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving is called ____.
cognitive psychology
The psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior that occur across the life span is called ____.
developmental psychology
Throughout his discussions of mental processes and behavior, William James emphasized the role of ____.
evolution
The psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction is called ____ psychology.
evolutionary
The Gestalt psychologists believed that breaking a whole perception into its building blocks, as advocated by the structuralists, would result in the loss of ____.
important psychological information
A doctor noticed that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, were fearful of loud noises, and had difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asked them to record personal observations of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.
introspection
Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior has been an essential part of the discipline that allows for ____.
making essential comparisons with humans
The two roots of psychology are philosophy and _____.
natural science
Humanistic psychologists believed that ____.
people behave badly only when corrupted by society
The discipline that systematically examines basic concepts, including the source of knowledge, is called ____.
philosophy
The psychology family tree includes two major roots: ____.
philosophy and the natural sciences
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called ____.
psychology
The psychological perspective that examines the effects of one's environment on the behavior of individuals is called ____ psychology.
social
The word "psychology" is a combination of two Greek words: psyche (or psuche), meaning "the soul," and logos, meaning "the ____."
study of
Psychology as a discipline dates back to ____.
the 1870s
Psychological scientists view the mind as a way of talking about ___.
the brain and its activities
Philosophers and psychologists have a shared interest in, among other things, ______.
the origin of knowledge
An evolutionary psychologist would be most interested in the question of ____.
whether there is an adaptive reason why men tend to gamble more than women
Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they cram for an exam?
Titchener's approach to psychology paralleled which of the following trends of his day?
Efforts in chemistry to break molecules into elements
Which of the following statements about Freud's work is true?
His theories do not lend themselves to experimentation.
A leading behaviorist who first explored classical conditioning was ____.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
In the 1970s, what initiated an explosion of knowledge about the connections between brain and behavior?
New methods for observing brain activity
Who contributed ideas about the unconscious mind, the development of sexuality, dream analysis, the psychological roots of abnormal behavior, personality, and therapy?
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt's student, Edward Titchener, developed an approach in which the mind is broken into the smallest elements of mental experience. What was this called?
Structuralism
Functionalism emerged partly in response to the publication of ____.
The Descent of Man, by Charles Darwin
Which of the following proverbs best describes Gestalt theory?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
What is the psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships among mind, behavior, and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology?
Biological psychology
One of the earliest philosophers to forward the idea that all knowledge is gained through sensory experience was ________, who lived from 384 to 322 BCE.
Aristotle
The first true psychologist was ____. He was a research assistant to Hermann von Helmholtz, and his ideas provided the foundation for what would later be called structuralism.
Wilhelm Wundt
Who is the American psychologist who proposed the functionalist approach and whose textbook Principles of Psychology dominated the field of psychology for 50 years after its publication?
William James
William and Max are discussing how younger and older people respond to lighter or darker skin on a person. William says they should use fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to study older and younger participants' brains to find out which areas are "firing" when they see images of people with darker skin and lighter skin. Max believes only looking at participants' brains will result in a loss of some important details that might also affect the participants, such as their level of income and exposure to people from different cultures. Which of the following is a true statement about these students?
William is espousing functionalist psychology.
