psy 105 ch. 16

critiques of ECT

-after treatments, parents often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months - it does not produce long-term improvement - when it does work, we do not know why

psychotherapeutic approaches

1. psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy 2. humanistic-positive therapy 3. behavioral treatments 4. cognitive treatments 5. cognitive-behavioral treatments -group therapy

_____ is a program developed specifically for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, which integrates elements of Cognitive Behavior Therapy with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation.

Dialectical behavior therapy

the treatment of last resort for severe depression that involves passing an electrical current through a person's brain in order to induce a seizure.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

mental deterioration and uncontrollable movements; appears in middle age, associated with over activity in Area 25 of the brain.

Huntington's disease

_____ block dopamine receptors in the brain and is used in treatment of schizophrenia

Phenothiazines

drugs used to treat schizophrenia; they help diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation paranoia but also have adverse side effects.

Phenothiazines

___ can treat both anxiety and depression

SSRIs

_____ block the reuptake of serotonin, thereby allowing serotonin to be received and used by the postsynaptic neuron

SSRIs

What are examples of virtual reality exposure?

Someone is shown a photograph and someone play play a computer game that addresses the phobia or situation.

___________ involves repetitive, involuntary movements of the jaw, tongue, face, and mouth and body tremors. These are unpleasant side effects of traditional anti-psychotic

Tardive dyskinesia

first medications used to manage psychotic symptoms (phenothiazines and haloperidol).

Traditional antipsychotics

SSRIs can treat

anxiety and depression

benzodiazepines and ______ are prescribed for anxiety

barbiturates

Treatment approaches build on the basic processes of learning and assume that both abnormal and normal behavior are learned.

behavioral therapy

_____ is the process of releasing intense emotions in a therapeutic setting

catharsis

in treating OCD, cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to slow metabolism in the _____ in the brain

caudate nucleus

a form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the patient

client-centered therapy

atypical psychotics physicians might prescribe today

clozapine, zyprexa, risperdal

In ___________ therapy, the therapists helps the client to identify irrational thoughts and then challenges those irrational thought patterns in order to restructure the clients way of thinking.

cognitive

_______ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognition about the world and about themselves.

cognitive

A therapist helps a client to change the clients automatic negative thoughts, while also helping the client to learn new, healthier behaviors. This therapists is most likely using ___________

cognitive behavioral therapy

Which type of therapy specifically works to restructure irrational thought patterns?

cognitive therapy

an approach to treating psychological disorders that combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape desirable behaviors.

cognitive therapy

the process in which electrodes are placed deep in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease to regulate activity in an area of the brain that produces the tremor associated with the disease. -lasts up to a year

deep brain stimulation

unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way

defense mechanisms

tricyclic medications are used to treat...

depression

cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy have been shown to be especially effective for treating...

depression and anxiety

Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) are useful for treating:

depression and eating disorders

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used (successfully and unsuccessfully) in the treatment of which of the following psychological disorders?

depression and schizophrenia

deep brain stimulation is useful in treating...

depression, Alzheimers, anorexia

_________ therapy involves administration of pharmaceutical medication for the treatment of psychological disorders.

drug

transcranial direct current stimulation can be useful in treating...

eating disorders, OCD, depression

what type of therapy seeks to use the research literature to determine the best practices for treating a specific disorder

evidence based therapies

several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another; the therapist acts as a facilitator.

group

_____ therapies seek to help the client reach his or her greatest potential

humanistic

components of prevention programs

increasing problem solving abilities improving social skills and relationships changing perceptions of events developing coping skills

In _________ therapy, the therapist is not loyal to any specific treatment or orientation but rather draws on those that seem most appropriate given the situation.

integrative

what was the rational for prefrontal lobotomies?

it was believed the surgery would modify behavior and disengage disruptive thought patterns in hallucinations and confused thinking

side effects of lithium

kidney failure, cognitive problems, drug tolerance

what is the most effective treatment for schizophrenia

long term group therapy drug therapy

risk factors for depression in adolescents

low income, being female, parental conflict

a class of drugs used to treat depression; they slow the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

TMS has shown success in the treatment of _____

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

virtual reality therapies are used to treat

phobias and PTSD

In terms of the treatment of schizophrenia, both traditional and atypical anti-psychotic drugs treat which symptoms?

positive symptoms

common risk factors for teen depression include

poverty and unemployment, life stress

_________ consists of severing connections between the prefrontal lobes and the lower portion of the brain.

prefrontal lobotomy

___ is the best and safest way of dealing with psychological disorders

prevention

focus on identifying risk factors for disorders, targeting at-risk populations, and offering training problem that decrease the likelihood of disorders occurring.

prevention

Seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious

psychoanalytic therapy

personality disorders are best helped with...

psychodynamic psychotherapy

treatment for severe depression involving exposure of specific brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields instead of electricity.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

____ is a defense mechanism which pushes threatening conflicts and impulses back into the unconscious

repression

what is the most basic defense mechanism?

repression

one very well known example of an ongoing ____ ____ is AA

support group

a behavioral therapy technique, often used for phobias, in which the therapist pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic object, generating a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object. -3 levels of exposure

systematic desensitization

category of therapy that mess use of technology or the internet to complement current therapies or make psychotherapeutic techniques available to more people

technology-based therapies

goals of psychotherapy

to modify maladaptive behaviors and thoughts to help patients develop insight into their own behavior

systematic desensitization and _____ are types of behavioral therapies

token economy

_____ is defined as a method of treatment that can stimulate both cortical and subcortical brain structures

transcranial direct current stimulation

what drugs are used to treat bedwetting, ADHD, and chronic pain management

tricyclic antidepressants

which drugs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine almost equally, making more of the neurotransmitters available in the brain

tricyclic antidepressants

a client-centered therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance toward a client, regardless of what the client does or feels, is expressing ____ ____ regard

unconditional positive