PSY 1300 Smartbook 1

* was the founder of the psychodynamic approach.

Freud

The humanistic approach emphasizes *

a person's positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, and freedom to choose one's destiny

Critical thinking is a * process that involves engaging with ideas and NOT settling for simple answers.

active

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven contemporary approaches to psychology?

analytical

Structuralism involves identifying the * of the human mind.

basic elements

Formally defined, psychology is the scientific study of human * and mental processes.

behavior

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of *

behavior and mental processes

Cross-cultural psychology is the study if a culture's role in understanding which of the following?

behavior, emotion, thought

Which of the following categories are considered perspectives or approaches to psychology?

behavioral, psychodynamic, biological

Watson and Skinner were the founders of *

behaviorism

Introspection includes the * of one's own thoughts and perceptions.

careful consideration

Both clinical and counseling psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating people with psychological problems, but * psychologists are especially interested in the study and treatment of psychological disorders.

clinical

Practitioners of psychology spend most of their time in * practice, seeing clients and offering them guidance as they work through problems.

clinical

Psychopathology is something that * psychologists are interested in.

clinical

If you think you might have a psychological problem, you should likely see a * psychologist; whereas if you are having difficulty adjusting to a new school or job or having a relationship problem, you should see a * psychologist.

clinical; counseling

* is the experience that represents the inner, mental life.

consciousness

*-cultural psychologists are interested to know whether psychological phenomena are universal or culture-specific.

cross

The study of cultural influences on behavior, thought, and emotion is the basis of * psychology.

cross-cultural

* psychology is concerned with how people become who they are, throughout the lifespan.

developmental

Sigmund Freud theorized that *

early relationships with parents shaped an individual's personality

Which of the following would most likely work at a college or university and conduct research that focuses on teaching and learning?

educational psychologist

The behavioral approach *

emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

Which type of psychologist studies how the physical landscape and layout affect all aspects of human behavior and thought?

environmental

Darwin's concept of natural selection is related to * theory, as both consider how species change over time.

evolutionary

Cognitive psychology *

examines attention, consciousness, information processing, and memory

Which of the following are the focus of I-O?

focusing on personnel issues, examining human resource management, studying workers and the organizations that employ them

* psychology applies psychological concepts to the legal system.

forensic

Categorize each of the items as either descriptions of functionalism or structuralism.

functionalism: focuses on the purpose of the min, adaptation to the environment, interactions with the outside world, William James structuralism: components of the mind, focuses on what the mind is, Wilhlem Wundt

* psychology is a field of psychology that uses a multidimensional approach to wellness that emphasizes psychological factors, lifestyle, and the nature of the healthcare system.

health

Thinking critically means asking ourselves * we know something.

how

Of the many concerns of industrial and organizational psychology, which of the following are included?

human resource concerns & personnel matters

Which psychological perspective emphasizes a person's positive qualities, capability for positive growth, and the freedom to chose any destiny?

humanistic approach

Personnel matters and human resource management are some of the main concerns of * psychology.

industrial and organizational

According to evolutionary psychologists, evolution influences everything EXCEPT *

inherited behaviors

The process of looking inside of our own minds by focusing on our thoughts is called *

introspection

Which of the following describes the nature of consciousness?

it is a human experience & it constitutes the mental life of humans

* is the intricate process by which behavior changes to adapt to the different circumstances.

learning

One area of specialization in psychology is *, which is addressed from behavioral and cognitive perspectives, and is a complex process by which behavior changes in oder to adapt to changing circumstances.

learning

Which of the following are key parts of the definition of psychology?

mental processes, science, behavior

A person spent a late night out at the movies with friends. The person wakes up the next morning and feels achy and sore tho the point that the person cannot concentrate. This is an example of *-body connectedness.

mind

* is an evolutionary process that favors organisms' traits or characteristics, which are best adapted to reproduce and survive.

natural selection

Darwin's principle of * * is an evolutionary process in which organisms best adapted to their surroundings will survive and produce offspring.

natural selection

* is the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system.

neuroscience

Psychology seeks to understand *

people's best experiences & people's worst experiences

A social psychologist deals with *

people's interactions with one another, relationships, and attitudes

* psychology examines the traits that differentiate you from somebody else.

personality

Which field of psychology studies the relatively enduring qualities of individuals?

personality psychology

* refers to information that is couched in scientific terminology but is NOT supported by sound scientific research

pseudoscience

Astrology is an example of *

pseudoscience

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is the definition of *

psychology

* is when someone challenges whether a supposed fact or supposed conclusion is actually true.

skeptical

A * psychologist would be interested in how people interact with one another.

social

A * psychologist would be interested in social perception, cognition, and attitudes.

social

Human response to group think and alignment of values is founded in * psychology

social

Which type of psychology applies psychological principles to improving athletic performance and enjoying athletic participation?

sport psychology

Discovering the basic elements of mental processes is the focus of *

structuralism

Wundt and his collaborators believed that the key method of study for their approach known as * was introspection.

structuralism

* is concerned with the components of the mind; while * is concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

structuralism; functionalism

The psychology of women emphasizes the importance of which of the following?

the social and cultural influences on women's development & the psychological influences on women's behavior

The sociocultural approach examines *

the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior

T/F: Behavioral neuroscience is a field of psychology that focuses on brain and biological processes.

true

T/F: Health psychologists view health behavior as a subset of behaviors that are relevant to physical health.

true

T/F: Researchers who study the psychology of women and genders consider the psychological, social, and cultural influences on women's development and behavior

true

The evolutionary approach *

uses ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining human behaviors

Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes. Identify each example as either a behavior or a mental process.

Behavior: a person combing their hair, a baby eating cereal, a student skateboarding Mental processes: a person thinking about what clothes to wear, a person's thoughts about politics, a grandparent's memory of their first car, a baby feeling anxious around dogs