PSY 200 Final Study Guide

________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence. Group of answer choices

Dyslexia

________ involve expectations for how people of different genders should think, act, and feel.

Gender roles

________ provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions in the nervous system.

Glial cells

________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.

Hypnosis

Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?

In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the trichromatic theory of color vision?

It fails to adequately explain afterimages.

________ are a class of drugs that act on the brain's endorphin receptors.

Opioids

________ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group.

Prejudice

________ is a network of structures including the brain stem, medulla, and thalamus that determines arousal, one aspect of consciousness.

Reticular activating system

________ is a situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier.

Retroactive interference

________ is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time.

Sustained attention

In the context of brain tissue implants, what is unique about stem cells?

They can develop into most types of human cells.

In the context of the approaches to treating psychological disorders, which of the following statements is true of sociocultural therapies?

They involve acknowledging the roles and cultural contexts that characterize a person's life.

Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to conduct research on how a child processes information and solves problems?

a cognitive psychologist

Your relative is experiencing memory loss related to Alzheimer disease. Research suggests that the decline in memory is due to a(n) ________ deficiency in this individual's brain.

acetylcholine

A fundamental premise of the general adaptation syndrome is that

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three stages that constitute common effects of the stressful demands on the body.

Lakeisha sustained a brain injury in a car accident. Although Lakeisha's memories of her life before the accident are intact, she is no longer able to form new, long-term memories. Every night when she goes to bed, her memories of what she had done that day are lost. Lakeisha suffers from

anterograde amnesia.

When Justin, a teenager, told his parents that he wanted to learn an extracurricular activity, his parents gave him the liberty to choose most any activity. However, they restricted him from choosing extreme sports. In this scenario, Justin's parents are following the ________ parenting style.

authoritative

In the context of the structure of the eye, the function of both the cornea and the lens is to

bend the light falling on the surface of the eye just enough to focus it at the back.

Neuroscience studies are based on the ________ approaches to psychology.

biological

Which of the following helps to explain drug habituation?

classical conditioning

Approaches that seek to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes and structures that cannot be directly observed are labeled as ________ psychology.

cognitive

The iris is the

colored part of the eye that contains muscles that control the size of the pupil.

According to the principle of ________, researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous. Group of answer choices

confidentiality

Michael, a college student, recently purchased a new smartphone. He was reading the user manual for the smartphone and did not pay attention to his friend who was talking to him. In the context of the levels of awareness, Michael's state of focused awareness best illustrates the idea of

controlled processes.

Which of the following is one of the issues addressed by the ethics guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association?

debriefing

Tranquilizers, sedatives, and opiates all belong to the category of ________ drugs.

depressant

The ________ involves gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically.

empirical method

Motivated behavior is

energized, directed, and sustained.

Assimilation allows a person to enjoy a feeling of meaning because

experiences fit into their preexisting schemas.

When a neuron sends an action potential, it is commonly said to be

firing.

A(n) ________ is a mental framework for understanding what gender means in one's culture.

gender schema

A(n) ________ is a person's genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material.

genotype

The divided-consciousness view of hypnosis holds that

hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components.

According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, a psychiatrist is most likely to score high on

interpersonal intelligence.

Molly's natural hair color is brown, but she has had it dyed blonde. Molly changed her Group of answer choices

phenotype.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first?

physiological needs

Susan Mineka and Arne Ohman (2002; Ohman and Mineka, 2003) have investigated the fascinating natural power of snakes to evoke fear in many mammals. The research study on conditioning humans and monkeys to associate snakes with fear is an example of

preparedness.

J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that

psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment—that is, behaviors.

Which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence?

puberty

Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's ________ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing ________ abilities.

recognition; recall

Eysenck suggested that the ________ of extraverts and introverts differs with respect to the baseline level of arousal.

reticular activation system Previous

A door is still perceived as a rectangle even after we view it from different angles. This is due to

shape constancy.

Which of the following is the best example of an unconditioned response?

sneezing after sniffing pepper

According to ________, emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment. Essentially, the theory proposes that after the initial perception of a stimulus, the experience of the emotion results from the perception of one's own physiological changes.

the James-Lange theory

Observational learning is most implicated by which of the following?

the ability of role models to change people's perceptions

Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation?

the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex

According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, which of the following underlie personality?

the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

Watson and Rayner used a ________ along with an unconditioned stimulus in order to condition fear in little Albert.

white rat