PSY 230- Child Abnormal Psych Exam 1
The lifetime prevalence rate for ODD and CD are about ____. Select one: a.12% and 8%, respectively b.9% and 7%, respectively c.5% and 10%, respectively d.20% and 15%, respectively
a.12% and 8%, respectively
Which of the following is NOT true about ADHD-HI? Select one: a.Children with ADHD-HI are often older than those with ADHD-C b.Children with ADHD-HI are more likely to display behavioral problems than those with ADHD-PI. c.The ADHD-HI subtype is the rarest subtype of ADHD. d.Children with ADHD-HI are more likely to be suspended from school than those with ADHD-PI.
a.Children with ADHD-HI are often older than those with ADHD-C
Joshua is considered to have a low-active MAOA genotype. He is likely to ____. Select one: a.act more aggressively b.lie frequently c.have difficulty concentrating d.be more sexually active
a.act more aggressively
Behaviors such as fighting, destructiveness, and threatening others are referred to as ____. Select one: a.aggressive behaviors b.delinquent behaviors c.rule-breaking behaviors d.internalizing behaviors
a.aggressive behaviors
Culturally competent mental health services include ____. Select one: a.basing treatment on what has been reported about a particular culture b.customizing treatment to the family's values and customs c.matching families with clinicians who have a Master's degree d.relying on knowledge gained through personal experience with that particular culture
a.basing treatment on what has been reported about a particular culture
To diagnose ADHD in a child, a psychologist is likely to look for ____. Select one: a.characteristic patterns of behavior b.metabolites in the blood c.abusive behavior in the parents d.an abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain
a.characteristic patterns of behavior
The most common co-morbid psychological disorder(s) in children with ADHD is/are ____. Select one: a.conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder b.oppositional defiant disorder and depression c.anxiety and depression d.tic disorder
a.conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
In the DSM-5, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorders fall under the larger category of ____. Select one: a.destructive behavior disorders b.conduct problems c.aggressive behavior disorders d.disruptive behavior disorders
a.destructive behavior disorders
Neurobiological factors (e.g., low arousal and autonomic reactivity) play a more central role for ____. Select one: a.early onset CD b.late onset CD c.CD accompanied by anxiety d.adult criminality
a.early onset CD
Children's early caretaking experiences play an important role in designing parts of the brain that involve ____. Select one: a.emotion, personality, and behavior b.problem solving skills c.planning and complex processes d.fine motor skills
a.emotion, personality, and behavior
Children who engage in primarily overt behaviors are typically: Select one: a.negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to hostile situations b.sneaky with others c.less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others d.from families that provide little family support
a.negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to hostile situations
Most often, adaptational failure is due to a(n) ____. Select one: a.ongoing interaction between the individual and environment b.longstanding biological maladaptation c.single, definable cause d.sudden onset of an environmental challenge
a.ongoing interaction between the individual and environment
A child who cannot control his temper has problems in emotion ____. Select one: a.regulation b.reactivity c.deregulation d.sensitivity
a.regulation
Violations such as running away, setting fires, skipping school, and using drugs and alcohol are referred to as ____. Select one: a.rule-breaking behaviors b.internalizing behaviors c.aggressive behaviors d.delinquent behaviors
a.rule-breaking behaviors
A central tenet of developmental psychopathology is that to understand maladaptive behavior, we must consider ____. Select one: a.what is normative for a given period of development b.how problematic behaviors develop over time c.one's genetic predisposition d.the child's familial history for maladjustment
a.what is normative for a given period of development
Intervention focuses on ____. Select one: a.assimilation b.treatment c.noncompliance d.motivation
b.treatment
Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in antisocial behavior? Select one: a.Throughout the lifespan, males display more antisocial behavior than females. b.Boys are more aggressive than girls in childhood, but this difference decreases or disappears by adolescence. c.Boys are more aggressive in childhood, but girls are more aggressive in adolescence d.Boys and girls do not differ in rates of antisocial behavior in childhood.
b.Boys are more aggressive than girls in childhood, but this difference decreases or disappears by adolescence.
____ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences. Select one: a.Cognitive b.Cognitive-behavioral c.Behavioral d.Client-centered
b.Cognitive-behavioral
____ describes children who display severe aggressive and antisocial acts involving inflicting pain on others or interfering with others' rights. Select one: a.Early-onset psychopathy b.Conduct disorder c.Callous behavior disorder d.Oppositional defiant disorder
b.Conduct disorder
Which statement about our genetic makeup is false? Select one: a.The expression of genes is influenced by the environment. b.Genes determine behavior. c.Genes are composed of DNA. d.Genes produce proteins.
b.Genes determine behavior.
Which of the following is not an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD? Select one: a.Symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance. b.Symptoms must appear prior to age 12. c.Symptoms must occur in more than one setting. d.Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months.
b.Symptoms must appear prior to age 12.
In high-risk neighborhoods, ____ can protect against the development of antisocial behavior. Select one: a.increased police surveillance b.a positive school experience c.removing children and placing them in foster homes in low-risk neighborhoods d.imposing curfews
b.a positive school experience
The failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones is referred to as a(n)____. Select one: a.dysregulation b.adaptational failure c.developmental disintegration d.discontinuity
b.adaptational failure
In comparison to children with ADHD-HI, children with the subtype ADHD-PI are at greater risk of ____. Select one: a.rejection by peers b.anxiety/mood disorders c.antisocial behavior d.placement in a special education class
b.anxiety/mood disorders
The siblings of children referred for conduct problems usually ____. Select one: a.display normative rates of negative behavior b.display as much negative behavior as their referred sibling(s) c.only engage in negative behavior when the referred sibling is present d.display less negative behavior than their referred siblings
b.display as much negative behavior as their referred sibling(s)
More than 70% of practicing clinicians identify their therapeutic approach as ____. Select one: a.humanistic b.eclectic c.cognitive d.behavioral
b.eclectic
Attachment theory considers crying (in an infant) to be a behavior that ____. Select one: a.stimulates the immune system b.enhances relationships with the caregiver c.serves to keep predators away d.irritates others
b.enhances relationships with the caregiver
Children who engage in covert behaviors only are typically ____. Select one: a.aggressive as well b.less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others c.from families that experience significant conflict d.negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to stressful situations
b.less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others
Which part of the brain is most responsible for regulating our emotional experiences, expressions, and impulses? Select one: a.hindbrain b.limbic system c.hypothalamus d.basal ganglia
b.limbic system
Children with ADHD display ____. Select one: a.a strong ability to correctly recognize emotions in others b.little give-and-take in relationships with peers c.a poor understanding of social reasoning d.a decreased desire for peer relationships
b.little give-and-take in relationships with peers
Elizabeth's parents, teachers, and probation officer met to discuss treatment strategies for Elizabeth's aggressive and criminal behavior. What treatment modality is this? Select one: a.social skills training b.multisystemic treatment c.family therapy d.community intervention
b.multisystemic treatment
Research into causal factors provides strong evidence for ADHD as a disorder with ____ determinants. Select one: a.socio-environmental b.neurobiological c.familial d.biological
b.neurobiological
Children who display ____ are at high risk for later psychiatric problems and impairment in functioning. Select one: a.overt-nondestructive b.overt-destructive c.covert-nondestructive d.covert-destructive
b.overt-destructive
To date, ____ has focused mainly on teaching parents to manage the overt disruptive behaviors that accompany their child's ADHD, rather than on changing the deficits underlying the child's ADHD. Select one: a.family management training b.parent management training c.adult sponsor training d.response-cost training
b.parent management training
Which factor has the least bearing on a clinician's approach to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment? Select one: a.culture b.popularity c.age d.gender
b.popularity
The finding that externalizing problems are more frequent among minority-status children in the United States is likely related to ____. Select one: a.differing socialization practices b.problems related to low SES c.high levels of parental monitoring d.genetic differences
b.problems related to low SES
Today's research and thinking accepts the notion that many childhood disorders: Select one: a.are treatable with the use of medications b.share many clinical features and causes c.cannot be overcome d.receive too much media attention
b.share many clinical features and causes
The higher incidence of ADHD in boys versus girls is most likely due to ____. Select one: a.more aggression in girls b.societal expectations and acceptance c.greater attention span in females d.girls age out of ADHD in childhood
b.societal expectations and acceptance
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) provides a measure of: Select one: a.psychological abnormality b.verbal comprehension and working memory c.emotional stability d.personality profile
b.verbal comprehension and working memory
What might be the most difficult task for a child with ADHD? Select one: a.learning a new video game b.working for 45 minutes on a sheet of simple math problems c.paying attention to the teacher when someone else in the class is talking d.remembering a friend's phone number
b.working for 45 minutes on a sheet of simple math problems
The process of attachment typically begins between ____ of age. Select one: a.0 to 2 months b.18 to 24 months c.6 to 12 months d.12 to 18 months
c.6 to 12 months
What does it mean if a test is normed on a group that is representative of the population? Select one: a.The test yields higher rates of psychopathology for minorities. b.Age and ethnicity were considered but not biological sex. c.The test is as free from cultural bias as possible. d.The majority culture was taken into consideration.
c.The test is as free from cultural bias as possible.
Infants that are wary of new situations and strangers and who often cannot be comforted by the caregiver are likely to have a(n) ____ attachment pattern. Select one: a.disorganized b.anxious-avoidant c.anxious-resistant d.secure
c.anxious-resistant
Children with ADHD who are at increased risk for conduct or oppositional problems are those who exhibit ____. Select one: a.cognitive impulsivity b.selective inattention c.behavioral impulsivity d.diminished attentional capacity
c.behavioral impulsivity
The earliest signs of antisocial behavior may be ____. Select one: a.rejection by peers in elementary school b.parental overactivity c.difficult temperament as an infant d.ODD in toddlerhood
c.difficult temperament as an infant
The ____ classification approach assumes that all children possess the same traits to varying degrees. Select one: a.trait b.feature c.dimensional d.categorica
c.dimensional
Research demonstrates that, with respect to aggression, girls ____. Select one: a.tend not to engage in aggressive acts b.are more aggressive than boys c.engage in more relational forms of aggression d.are more distressed by aggressive acts
c.engage in more relational forms of aggression
Which behavior would be characteristic of someone with issues on the internalizing behavior dimension? Select one: a.intentionally hurting another child's feelings b.refusing to sit in a seat at school c.feeling sad all of the time d.hitting another child in anger
c.feeling sad all of the time
The _________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities. Select one: a.parietal b.occipital c.frontal d.temporal
c.frontal
Neurobiological research on the causes of ADHD has shown consistent support for the implication of the: Select one: a.limbic system b.reticular activating systemreticular activating system c.frontostriatal circuitry d. hippocampus
c.frontostriatal circuitry
General family disturbances include ____. Select one: a.lack of supervision b.excessive use of harsh discipline c.marital discord and family instability d.over supervision
c.marital discord and family instability
Delinquency, in the legal sense, may result from ____, whereas a mental disorder requires ____. Select one: a.related acts, unrelated acts b.a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors, one or two isolated acts c.one or two isolated acts, a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors d.one or two isolated acts, several isolated acts
c.one or two isolated acts, a persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors
What is a common goal of treatment? Select one: a.increased adherence to treatment over time b.improved outcomes in intelligence c.reduced impact of prior undesirable outcomes d.measurable outcomes in family functioning
c.reduced impact of prior undesirable outcomes
Generally, isolated symptoms of behavioral and emotional problems ____. Select one: a.are completely useless in predicting children's overall adjustment b.are highly predictive of children's overall adjustment c.show little relation to children's overall adjustment d.are moderately related to children's overall adjustment
c.show little relation to children's overall adjustment
One reason that ADHD is so challenging is that approximately ____ percent of children with ADHD have a co-occurring psychological disorder Select one: a.90 b.60 c.70 d.80
d.80
Which is true regarding ADHD and culture? Select one: a.ADHD has been identified in only one or two countries around the world in which it has been studied b.ADHD has been found to occur more in higher SES groups than lower ones c.ADHD presents the same in each country d.Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect cultural norms
d.Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect cultural norms
____ models portray the child's environment as a series of nested and interconnected structures. Select one: a.Environmental b.Macroparadigm c.Societal d.Ecological
d.Ecological
Which of the following is most likely to cause ADHD? Select one: a.too much sugar b.poor school environment c.fluorescent lighting d.No single theory has been able to identify a cause
d.No single theory has been able to identify a cause
Which aspect would generally be assessed by behavioral assessment methods? Select one: a.meaning of pictures drawn by child b.inkblot interpretations c.descriptions of the problem d.anger in school
d.anger in school
In comparison to youth on the life-course-persistent path, those on the adolescent-limited path ____. Select one: a.are more likely to drop out of school b.display more extreme antisocial activity c.have weaker family ties d.are often being influenced by situational factors, such as their peers
d.are often being influenced by situational factors, such as their peers
Mothers of children with ADHD are also more likely to have ____. Select one: a.substance abuse problems b.antisocial personality disorder c.schizophrenia d.depression
d.depression
Which symptom would be characteristic of the anxious/depressed dimension of child psychopathology? Select one: a.refuses to talk b.gets teased c.strange ideas d.feels worthless
d.feels worthless
Which element(s) are typically included in a clinical description? Select one: a.taxonomic diagnosis b.assessment of prior history c.treatment and referral plan d.intensity, frequency, and severity of the problem
d.intensity, frequency, and severity of the problem
Neuropsychological assessments are primarily used to ____. Select one: a.diagnose mental deficits b.identify genetic abnormalities c.identify underlying brain lesions d.make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction
d.make inferences about central nervous system dysfunction
A clearly defined group used to compare an individual child's test score against is called a: Select one: a.comparative group b.standard group c.reference group d.norm group
d.norm group
What is an example of cognitive impulsivity? Select one: a.touching a hot stove b.interrupting a parent on the telephone c.blurting out an answer in class d.rushed thinking
d.rushed thinking
Temperament ____. Select one: a.refers to a child's unpredictable behavior b.is not related to personality c.forms very late in development d.shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa
d.shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa
Which of the following is a characteristic of parent-management training for conduct problems? Select one: a.intensive and direct intervention of the therapist with the child b.substance abuse treatment c.legal services d.teaching contingency management techniques
d.teaching contingency management techniques
