PSY 240-CH.02
Marcella is conducting a PsycINFO seach for treatments for autism spectrum disorder by searching "autism treatment." However, her search is returning too many results. If she is interested in getting more specific results, Marcella could search:
"autism treatment" and "behavioral" and enter and age range of interest
Which of the following is the first section of an empirical journal article?
Abstract
What is the difference between advice from an authority and that from a researcher?
Authorities often base their advice on intuition, while researchers rely on facts.
Lana is writing her first empirical journal article. Although she thinks she knows why she found the results she did, she also wants to mention some alternative explanations for her findings. In which section will she mention these alternative explanations?
Discussion
Which of the following is the last section of an empirical journal article?
Discussion
If you are interested in reading an overview of peer-reviewed scientific research within a specific area, which of the following reading sources would you choose?
Edited books
Which of the following is NOT a section or subsection commonly found in an empirical journal article?
Outcomes
Which of the following is a limitation of PsycINFO compared to Google Scholar?
PsycINFO is not free to use
How would you adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?
Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data
How does research overcome the problem of confounds?
Research systematically compares multiple conditions.
Asking questions to get the answers we want is known as:
confirmation bias
Different factors that could account for significant results are called __________.
confounds
James is asked about what is the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made A's. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made A's and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of:
present/present bias
Advice that is based on _______ is most likely to be correct.
research
Which of the following is the correct ordering of the sections of an empirical journal article?
Abstract, Method, Results, Discussion, References
After reading the chapter, Cyril says to himself, "I am sure other people might engage in faulty thinking, but I never would." What is Cyril experiencing?
Bias blind spot
When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," why should you read the abstract first?
Because it provides an overview of the article
Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following?
Confirmation bias
Which of following is a limitation of Google Scholar compared to PsycINFO
Google Scholar is not limited to just psychology and related fields
Compared with doing a generic Internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources?
It searches only sources in psychology and related fields.
Which of the following sources is most likely to contain only information that has been rigorously peer-reviewed?
Review journal articles
Which of the following is true of the distinction between scientific journals and popular magazines?
Scientific journal articles are peer-reviewed; popular magazines are not.
Javier wants his lab partner to tell him if he thinks the article he found for their project is appropriate. Rather than have him read the article, which two parts of the paper could Javier have his lab partner read to get a summary of the article?
The abstract and the first paragraph of the discussion
A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients, and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have:
a comparison group that did not receive the drug.
Ellie is looking for a summary of research on the effects of childhood abuse on adult functioning. Which of the following scientific sources would be an ideal source?
-NOT a chapter in an edited book -NOT a review journal article
What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic?
Inferences drawn from behavior research are not expected to explain all cases
Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. Where should she go if she wants to look for a list of the study's hypotheses or research questions?
Last paragraph of the introduction
Why is it important to adopt the mindset of a scientific reasone?
To avoid falling into the pitfalls of personal biases
You read research that found that first-born children tend to have higher IQs than their siblings. However, you typically earn higher grades than your older brother. Scientists might explain this discrepancy by saying that:
research is probabilistic
Research studies are superior to personal experience because:
they include at least one comparison group
RESEARCH 2.1: Charlotte is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. She is curious whether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourages weight loss (don't eat that food," "you want to be thin," etc.) in the music on their iPods compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. She studies 40 people and finds the following results: A change to which of the following cells will result in a different interpretation of the results of subliminal messages?
A change in any cell will result in a different interpretation
What is the problem with being swayed by a good story?
A good story may not be supported by data
Tim tells you that the best way to make friends is by opening the conversation with a joke. He can easily recall all the friends he met by telling a joke and also the times he opened with chitchat and didn't befriend the person. If you were concerned that Tim was making the blind spot bias, what would you ask him?
Have you tested this conclusion systematically?
You and your friends go to see a speaker on campus. The speaker, Dr. Darian, is an "expert" on getting into graduate school. Which of the following should make you less skeptical about his advice?
His recommendation are based on research he conducted for his dissertation
Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can recall only books that say men and women are different (e.g., Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus) and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following?
The availability heuristic
Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. What information might she get out of reading the references section of her article?
The name of an article that researched a similar topic
Looking for which of the following in a trade book will give you a hint as to its scientific rigor?
The number of references
Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. She has a comparison group, because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to plug in her iPod. She typically remembers to plug in her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. What problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music?
Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner.
Tim tells you that the best way to make friends is by opening the conversation with a joke. He can easily recall all the friends he met by telling a joke and also the times he opened with chitchat and didn't befriend the person. If you were concerned that Tim was making the present/present bias, what would you ask him?
What about the times you opened with a joke and didn't become friends with the person?
In which of the following scenarios should you be skeptical of an authority?
When they based their opinions on their intuition
Diego is interested in examining the relationship between a person's attachment style and his or her relationship satisfaction. He finds 65 studies that have examined this topic. He combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. His research is most accurately described as:
a meta-analysis
The two biases of intuition discussed in the text are:
being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what come easily to mind
