PSY 241 765 FA15: Developmental Psychology - Midterm I - Chap 13-20

As many as _____ of older adults with depressive symptoms receive no treatment at all. A. 10 percent B. 25 percent C. 60 percent D. 80 percent

D. 80 percent

_____ refers to a behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply. A. Abuse B. Dependence C. Attachment D. Addiction

D. Addiction

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the second stage of dying? A. Denial and isolation B. Bargaining C. Acceptance D. Anger

D. Anger

_____ individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner. A. Disorganized B. Anxious C. Securely attached D. Avoidant

D. Avoidant

Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in height with the advancement age? A. Brittleness of bones of the limbs B. Increase in weight C. A stooping posture D. Bone loss in the vertebrae

D. Bone loss in the vertebrae

According to new studies, which of the Big Five factors of personality was linked to older adults' medication non-adherence across a six-year time frame? A. Low level of openness to experience B. Moderate level of conscientiousness C. High level of agreeableness D. High level of neuroticism

D. High level of neuroticism

In the study by Rodin and Langer, which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives? A. It led to fewer social interactions. B. It significantly reduced life expectancy. C. It increased the levels of stress. D. It was found to increase longevity.

D. It was found to increase longevity.

Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of intimacy vs. isolation? A. Infidelity B. Wisdom C. Care D. Love

D. Love

Which of the following is a major challenge for sexually interested older women (70 years or older)? A. Male partner's physical health B. Lack of sex education C. Physical health of older women D. Not having a partner

D. Not having a partner

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person. A. Passionate B. Fatuous C. Companionate D. Romantic

D. Romantic

Alzheimer disease is a form of: A. major depression. B. a purely psychological decline in old age. C. paranoia. D. dementia.

D. dementia.

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in: A. midlife. B. late midlife. C. late adulthood. D. early adulthood.

D. early adulthood.

According to Levinson, the transition from dependence to independence is marked by the: A. realization of a goal. B. testing of a dream. C. free experimentation. D. formation of a dream.

D. formation of a dream.

Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of: A. cancer. B. Down syndrome. C. anemia. D. hypertension.

D. hypertension.

A longitudinal study revealed that most bad health habits engaged in during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood. A. receded B. did not continue C. remained unchanged D. increased

D. increased

According to a national study of more than 200,000 freshmen at more than 400 colleges and universities, today's college students experience _____ than students in previous generations. A. less mental exhaustion B. less depression C. more optimism D. more stress

D. more stress

An estimated _____ percent of survivors experience normal or uncomplicated grief reactions that include sadness and even disbelief or considerable anguish. A. 80 to 90 B. 70 to 80 C. 60 to 70 D. 50 to 60

A. 80 to 90

What is an allele? A. An alternative form of a gene B. The specific location of a gene on the chromosome C. A particular chromosome in the human genome D. A sequence of DNA that caps the chromosome

A. An alternative form of a gene

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases? A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome B. Lower cholesterol levels and improved lung function C. Postmenopausal hormone levels and increased body water D. Better osmoregulation and lower trans fat

A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love. A. Grief B. Anger C. Obsession D. Denial

A. Grief

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence? A. Identity versus identity confusion B. Industry versus Inferiority C. Intimacy versus isolation D. Autonomy versus shame

A. Identity versus identity confusion

Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia? A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug B. Turning off a respirator C. Removing a heart-lung machine D. Stopping antibiotics

A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with: A. Parkinson's disease. B. Alzheimer disease. C. dementia other than Alzheimer disease. D. brain cancer.

A. Parkinson's disease.

Which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011? A. South Africa B. Singapore C. Japan D. United States

A. South Africa

What is the leading cause of infant death in the United States? A. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) B. Accidents C. Child abuse D. Cancer

A. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE? A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. B. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. C. When HDL is low and LDL is high, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. D. When both HDL and LDL are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

Brain death occurs when: A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time. B. a person remains unconscious for a specified period of time. C. the lower regions of the brain stop functioning. D. the body loses the ability to breathe on its own.

A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

Fifteen percent of the population over the age of 65 is estimated to be legally deaf, usually due to degeneration of the _____. A. cochlea B. ear drum C. malleus D. semicircular canals

A. cochlea

The retention of information about the when and where of life's happenings is called _____ memory. A. episodic B. prospective C. source D. semantic

A. episodic

Cohorts refer to: A. groups of individuals born in the same year or time period. B. groups of individuals who have the same socioeconomic status. C. individuals of the same gender. D. individuals who are working in the same field.

A. groups of individuals born in the same year or time period.

The _____ is involved in memory. A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. prefrontal cortex D. olfactory bulb

A. hippocampus

A recent national survey of U.S. adults identified the leading source of stress at the workplace as: A. low salaries. B. uncertain job expectations. C. long hours. D. sexual harassment.

A. low salaries.

In the Tanala culture of Madagascar, death is believed to be caused by: A. natural forces. B. magic and demons. C. ill-will of others in the community. D. an avenging spirit.

A. natural forces.

The _____ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging. A. prefrontal cortex B. amygdala C. hypothalamus D. premotor cortex

A. prefrontal cortex

According to Tannen, women enjoy _____ talk more than _____ talk, A. rapport; report B. informational; interactive C. factual; emotional D. public; private

A. rapport; report

Fluid intelligence is the ability to: A. reason abstractly. B. recall information. C. accumulate information. D. accumulate verbal skills.

A. reason abstractly.

According to Denise Park and Patricia Reuter-Lorenz, neurocognitive _____ involves the use of complementary, neural circuits to protect cognitive functioning in an aging brain. A. scaffolding B. bypassing C. extension D. regeneration

A. scaffolding

Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is a part of her _____ memory. A. semantic B. episodic C. prospective D. implicit

A. semantic

The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners: A. who have similar values. B. who are close to our level of physical attractiveness. C. on the basis of proximity. D. who have opposing personality traits.

B. who are close to our level of physical attractiveness.

What percentage of the U.S. population is older than 65 years? A. 2 percent B. 12 percent C. 22 percent D. 23 percent

B. 12 percent

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age. A. 12 to 18 B. 18 to 25 C. 21 to 26 D. 20 to 30

B. 18 to 25

On average, the adult brain loses _____ percent of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90. A. 1 to 5 B. 5 to 10 C. 10 to 20 D. 10 to 30

B. 5 to 10

In the United States today, _____ percent of all deaths occur in hospitals. A. 20 B. 50 C. 80 D. 95

B. 50

Currently the average duration of marriage in the United States is just over _____ years. A. 5 B. 9 C. 15 D. 23

B. 9

_____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation. A. Self-actualization B. Generativity C. Self-absorption D. Perpetuity

B. Generativity

Why is LDL referred to as "bad" cholesterol? A. It increases the risk of breast cancer. B. High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis. C. It accelerates the process of aging. D. Low levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis.

B. High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis.

Which of the following is true of the American attitude toward death? A. Americans are conditioned from early in life to live as mere mortals. B. It is not uncommon for Americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die. C. To live a full life and die with glory is the prevailing goal of the Americans. D. Americans do not use any symbols associated with death.

B. It is not uncommon for Americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.

_____ is a protein that is involved in satiety and released by fat cells, resulting in decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. A. Adrenaline B. Leptin C. Insulin D. Glucagon

B. Leptin

Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's seven main principles that determine whether a marriage will work? A. Overcoming gridlock B. Solving perpetual conflicts C. Letting your partner influence you D. Creating shared meaning

B. Solving perpetual conflicts

Compared to young children, which of the following is likely to be a differentiating aspect of adolescents' view of death? A. They tend to get angry at death. B. They develop more abstract conceptions of death. C. They need more reassurance that they will be loved even after a caregiver dies. D. They generally do not get upset at the sight of death.

B. They develop more abstract conceptions of death.

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory? A. Being at a grocery store and remembering what you wanted to buy B. Typing on the computer while talking to a friend C. Being able to name the capital of Illinois D. Recounting the events of a movie you have seen

B. Typing on the computer while talking to a friend

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of _____. A. mental age B. age identity C. chronological age D. age stereotype

B. age identity

Giving nursing-home patients more control over their daily schedules is: A. harmful. B. beneficial. C. anxiety-provoking. D. usually not necessary for patients that age.

B. beneficial.

Individuals with an anxious attachment style: A. are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, but are committed once they are in one. B. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional. C. are less likely than others to have one-night stands. D. tend to distance themselves from their partner.

B. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a: A. composed manner. B. fight-or-flight manner. C. stagnant manner. D. tend and befriend pattern.

B. fight-or-flight manner.

Condoms are less effective against the spread of _____. A. syphilis B. herpes C. chlamydia D. gonorrhea

B. herpes

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person. A. friendship B. intimacy C. attachment D. temperament

B. intimacy

Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by: A. retrospective glances on life's worth. B. looking forward to death. C. handing over the legacy to the next generation. D. conflicting views of wisdom against integrity.

B. looking forward to death.

Robert J. Sternberg's _____ theory links wisdom to both practical and academic intelligence. A. multiple intelligence B. triarchic C. social intelligence D. constructivist

B. triarchic

Regular _____ has been shown to decrease the onset of physical disability in older adults. A. weight training B. walking C. massage D. checkups

B. walking

The young-old are people who are between: A. 40 to 50 years of age. B. 50 to 65 years of age. C. 65 to 84 years of age. D. 75 to 84 years of age.

C. 65 to 84 years of age.

According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of: A. 50 to 60 times. B. 65 to 70 times. C. 75 to 80 times. D. 80 to 100 times.

C. 75 to 80 times.

Which of the following is a sign of aging for the average adult in middle adulthood? A. Increase in height B. Decrease in weight C. Brittle fingernails D. Loss of memory

C. Brittle fingernails

According to Piaget, which of the following is the final stage of cognitive development? A. Sensorimotor stage B. Concrete operational stage C. Formal operational stage D. Preoperational stage

C. Formal operational stage

In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy? A. United States B. Japan C. Monaco D. Sweden

C. Monaco

According to Baltes, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies? A. Selection B. Compensation C. Optimization D. Reorganization

C. Optimization

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years. A. romantic love B. consummate love C. affectionate love D. fatuous love

C. affectionate love

In 1900, most people died: A. in a hospital, cared for by medical staff. B. in a nursing home. C. at home, cared for by their family. D. at a hospice.

C. at home, cared for by their family.

A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of _____. A. rigor mortis B. euthanasia C. brain death D. paralysis

C. brain death

Speed and accuracy of the processes involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization are components of: A. cognitive perception. B. cognitive pragmatics. C. cognitive mechanics. D. cognitive intelligence.

C. cognitive mechanics.

It is observed that respect for older adults is greater in _____ cultures than in _____ cultures. A. socialistic; capitalistic B. spiritualistic; competitive C. collectivistic; individualistic D. religious; materialistic

C. collectivistic; individualistic

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed _____. A. intimacy versus isolation B. integrity versus despair C. generativity versus stagnation D. autonomy versus shame and doubt

C. generativity versus stagnation

The _____ portions of the brain often die sooner than the _____ portions. A. lower; higher B. lower; middle C. higher; lower D. middle; lower

C. higher; lower

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of: A. role-exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment. B. shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment. C. passion, commitment, and intimacy. D. transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.

C. passion, commitment, and intimacy.

Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to: A. produce less intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness. B. produce a shorter grieving process for the survivors than if the person died of a long illness. C. produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness. D. produce no difference in either the intensity or the duration of the feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

C. produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with: A. higher academic achievement in college. B. stronger sibling relationships in adulthood. C. secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood. D. an easy temperament in adulthood.

C. secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors: A. assortment, enhancement, and remuneration. B. reorganization, compensation, and optimization. C. selection, optimization, and compensation. D. remuneration, selection, and enhancement.

C. selection, optimization, and compensation.

Laws in _____ states (in the United States) accept advanced directives/living wills as reflecting an individual's wishes. A. 40 B. 45 C. 48 D. 50

D. 50

What is the average life expectancy for individuals born today in the United States? A. 69.3 years B. 72.3 years C. 75.3 years D. 78.3 years

D. 78.3 years

Which of the following BEST explains why middle adulthood comes later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s? A. People today have fewer children than people in the early 1900s. B. People today have a higher income than people in the early 1900s. C. People today have less anxiety in their lives than people in the early 1900s. D. People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.

D. People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.

_____ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses. A. Attitude B. Temper C. Disposition D. Temperament

D. Temperament

When people gain weight, the number of their _____ cells increases. A. epithelial B. nervous C. muscle D. adipose

D. adipose

Critics point out that studies on the effectiveness of antioxidants in slowing the aging process, thus far have been so-called population studies that are _____ in nature. A. hypothetical B. longitudinal C. experimental D. correlational

D. correlational

Which of the following is a shortcoming of stage theories of adult development?

Model Short Answer: They do not adequately address universals of adult personality development.They do not adequately address individual variations in adult development.They place far too much importance on cultural variations in adult development.They place too much importance on individual variations in adult development.