PSY 250 Chapter 9

Bariatric surgery is one option for people who are morbidly obese (more than 100 pounds overweight). After bariatric surgery, average weight loss is about __________ pounds. 98 to 110 44 to 88 5 to 10 0 (bariatric surgery has been ineffective in leading to weight loss)

44-88

When was the first documented medical case of anorexia nervosa published? A. 1689 B. 1789 C. 1889 D. 1989

A. 1689

which of the following groups has the highest rates of obesity? A. African American women B. Native American women C. African American men D. Latino men

A. African American women

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that A. biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders B. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased C. definitions of beauty are not changed over time D. there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits

B. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased

Which of the following individuals is most at risk for developing an eating disorder? Sierra, a lacrosse midfielder Barrett, a middleweight wrestler Naida, a cross-country skier Derrick, a soccer goalie

Barrett, a middleweight wrestler

What is the most common eating disorder worldwide?

Binge eating disorder

Nicole weighs more than she would like and than she should. She likes to eat brownies and other junk food, and often eats an entire plateful at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows it is not healthy, although she does not use laxatives or make herself vomit. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder Purging disorder

Binge-eating disorder

Which of the following describes a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa? Binging and purging an average of twice a week for a two-month period Binging and purging an average of once a week for a three-month period Binging and purging an average of twice a week for a four-month period Binging and purging an average of once a week for a six-month period

Binging and purging an average of once a week for a three-month period

Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders? It is the therapy of choice for most disorders. The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established. Medical interventions have proven ineffective. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

Cheryl has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have? Self-induced vomiting Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats Normal menstrual periods Occasional bouts of overeating

Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

which of the following is a true statement about the role of genetics as a risk factor for eating disorders? A. while the gene underlying the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa has been identified, the role of genes in the development of other forms of eating disorders is not clear B. the lack of adoption studies has made it impossible to determine the heritability of eating disorders C. due to the complex nature of eating disorders and the probability that multiple genes contribute to their development. a role for genes in such disorders has yet to be established D. although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited along with a diagnosis for other psychological conditions

D. although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited along with a diagnosis for other psychological conditions

Which of the following accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality rates? A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. binge-eating disorder D. obesity

D. obesity

Cynthia Bulik led the most powerful genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa ever conducted. Which of the following most accurately reflects the study's results? A. it identified a specific location for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 21 B. there are strong correlations between anorexia nervosa, depression, OCD, and extroversion C. the correlation between anorexia nervosa and genes is weaker than experienced D. strong correlations exist between anorexia nervosa and BMI, HDL, insulin, and glucose

D. strong correlations exist between anorexia nervosa and BMI, HDL, insulin, and glucose

What is a common result of bulimia nervosa? Lanugo Intolerance to cold Brittle hair and nails Dental cavities and mouth ulcers

Dental cavities and mouth ulcers

As she turned 40, Dale started focusing more and more on her weight, and began dieting and greatly increasing her amount of exercise. Even after she lost a lot of weight, she remained concerned and continued to restrict her food intake. After she fainted several times, she was referred to a therapist who diagnosed her with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Dale's case? Eating disorders rarely start during 30s and 40s. The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim. Few women suffer from anorexia exercise. A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.

Eating disorders rarely start during 30s and 40s

Which of the following statements about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate? There are very few options available for the treatment of eating disorders. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery. There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders. Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in patients.

Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.

Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa? Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics. Few people with anorexia achieve full remission. The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes that are too small to yield valid conclusions. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out of treatment prematurely.

Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out of treatment prematurely.

All things being equal, which of the following individuals is most likely to be found guilty in a jury trial? Jackson, a heavier person who is male Genie, a heavier person who is female Brock, a leaner person who is male Shiloh, a leaner person who is female

Genie, a heavier person who is female

What characteristic in a large Finnish study was the greatest predictor of childhood obesity? Eating breakfast every morning Low socioeconomic status Watching cartoons before school Having an obese parent

Having an obese parent

Maria has binge-eating disorder. Which of the following treatments would likely be best for her? Psychodynamic psychotherapy Cognitive therapy Mindfulness therapy Interpersonal psychotherapy

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa? Decreased mood Decreased appetite Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance Increased frequency of binges

Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders? Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders. Personality may be altered by malnourishment. Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder. Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of the conditions.

Personality may be altered by malnourishment.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between genes and obesity, as understood by current scientific research? Twin studies suggest that genes play a minor role in the development of obesity. To date, research has shown no specific gene mutation associated with binge eating. Research has identified 97 genetic regions associated with body mass index and fat distribution. Adoption studies reveal that environmental factors influence obesity much more than genetics.

Research has identified 97 genetic regions associated with body mass index and fat distribution.

A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics? Serotonin Epinephrine GABA Dopamine

Serotonin

Jamie binge eats high-calorie foods and then makes herself vomit. She feels ashamed and horrified by what she does. What would you predict that Jamie will do? She will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed. She will not stop, because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight. She will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame. She will not stop, because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting

She will not stop, because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.

In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, what was a predictor of poor outcomes? Depression Presence of a personality disorder Substance abuse Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Substance abuse

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) when compared to the other eating disorders found in DSM-5? Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight. The patient age is usually older. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.

The patient age is usually older.

Which of the following is a true statement about the prevalence of eating disorders in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries? While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.

While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.

Which of the following statements best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in young American women? While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster. The weight of the average woman doesn't seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman.

While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.

Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat __________. adolescents under the age of 19 adults over the age of 21 men those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms

adolescents under the age of 19

Noa is 5 feet 7 inches tall and weighs 91 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. At times, however, she finds herself eating large amounts of food-several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes-all in one evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Noa's most likely diagnosis is __________. bulimia nervosa, purging type anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type anorexia nervosa, restricting type no disorder

anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type

In the treatment of anorexia nervosa, antidepressants __________. have proven to be especially helpful are used, but they are not especially effective are commonly used to stimulate appetite have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions

are used, but they are not especially effective

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is __________.

assimilation into white culture and middle class values

Gastric bypass surgery makes it __________. possible to binge and not gain weight slightly more likely that people will lose weight impossible to regain weight once it is lost impossible to binge eat, but still possible to regain weight

impossible to binge eat, but still possible to regain weight

Binge-eating disorder __________. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain

Comfort food __________. does nothing physiologically; any effects are due to expectation may help reduce activation in the stress response system changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full

may help reduce activation in the stress response system

The concept of social contagions relative to obesity suggests that if someone close to us is obese, __________. our risk of becoming obese decreases by over 75 percent our risk of becoming obese increases by over 55 percent our desire to exercise and diet increases by 50 percent our desire to exercise and diet decreases by 35 percent

our risk of becoming obese increases by over 55 percent

One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is that __________. research has not supported the theory people with eating disorders often have depression as well serotonin doesn't seem to have anything to do with appetite or eating behaviors after recovery from eating disorders, serotonin levels don't change

people with eating disorders often have depression as well

A lack of body distortions among the Amish __________. provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders indicates that they do not value physical beauty suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among them

suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among them

What is the second most common cause of death from anorexia nervosa? Heart attack Suicide Renal failure Choking

suicide

Leptin is a hormone that __________, and ghrelin is a hormone that is responsible for __________. usually leads to decreased food intake; an increase in hunger is not related in any way to obesity; metabolic homeostasis helps the body regain its set point; recalibrating the set point is an appetite stimulator; appetite suppression

usually leads to decreased food intake; an increase in hunger

When it comes to comparing their actual body image with the ideal body, __________. young men are just as likely as young women to see themselves as too fat most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women more than they actually do young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men

young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men