PSY 301 Chapter 1

The first step in the research process is Answer identifying a topic area and searching the literature to find a research question. forming a hypothesis. deciding which individuals should participate in the study. selecting a research strategy.

identifying a topic area and searching the literature to find a research question

Which of the following is the best description of the scientific method A circular process that leads to a final answer A linear process that moves directly to a final answer A circular process that leads to a tentative answer A linear process that leads to a tentative answer

A circular process that leads to a tentative answer

Which of the following is typical of quantitative research? Answer It involves measuring variables for each individual. It usually involves numerical scores. It uses statistical analysis to summarize and interpret results. All of the above.

All of the above

Which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudoscience? Answer Pseudoscience tends to dismiss or refuse to accept negative results. Pseudoscience tends to rely on testimonials and selected results. Pseudoscience tends to treat criticism as a personal attack. All of the other options are differences between science and pseudoscience.

All of the other options are differences between science and pseudoscience.

Deeply religious individuals may defer to their religious leaders for all types of decisions, including those that seem unrelated to religion. This method of acquiring knowledge, called the method of faith, is a variant of which method? Empiricism Rationalism Tenacity Authority

Authority

A drawback of the method of tenacity is that it: -Does not allow for the correction of erroneous ideas -Is nearly always counter-intuitive -Requires adherence to specific religious doctrine -Tends to be extremely flexible and rapidly changing

Does not allow for the correction of erroneous ideas

Jared relies on looking out the window to decide what the day's weather will be like. Jared is relying on which method? Tenacity Authority Intuition Empiricism

Empiricism

Which method of acquiring knowledge can be time consuming and sometimes even dangerous? Tenacity Empiricism Authority Intuition

Empiricism

In logical reasoning, ____ statements describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true. Premise Consequential Deductive Foundational

Premise

Angela likes to try to reason things out and often creates lists of pros and cons to aid her in making decisions. Angela is using the method of: Rationalism Tenacity Authority Empiricism

Rationalism

What is meant by saying that "science is objective"? Answer Scientific answers are based on direct observation. Scientific answers are based on logical reasoning. Scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs. Scientific answers are made available for evaluation by others.

Scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs.

Marta assures her friend Sara, who is 41 weeks pregnant and enduring a miserably hot, humid summer, with no sign of the baby being ready to be born, that everyone knows eating a salad made with spinach, blackberries, and walnuts will stimulate labor. -Authority -Intuition -Tenacity -Rationalism

Tenacity

A hypothesis is a __________ statement and a prediction is a __________ statement. Answer specific; general specific; specific general; specific general; general

general; specific

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis? Answer Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Scientific reasoning Predictive reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Caitlyn is faced with the choice of which of two apartments she should rent. Both have similar costs, locations, size, and amenities, so she finally decides to rent the one that just feels right to her. -Authority -Intuition -Tenacity -Rationalism

Intuition

Jan decides to play the lottery because she just feels like it is her day to win. She picks the numbers based on those that feel right. Jan is relying on which of the following for her decisions? Authority Intuition Rationalism Empiricism

Intuition

Jina likes to weigh things out before making decisions. She is prone to creating lists of pros and cons and making choices on the basis of reasoning things out. -Authority -Intuition -Tenacity -Rationalism

rationalism

Russell is shopping for a new car, and when he walks into the showroom, he notices huge monitors playing endorsements by famous athletes. He recognizes that reliance on the method of ____ is a common advertising ploy. Authority Tenacity Intuition Empiricism

Authority

Sara relies on news from a network known to have an extremely liberal slant, and Constance relies on news from a network known to have an extremely conservative slant. No matter what has occurred, it seems as though their takes are diametrically opposed and completely irreconcilable. Both Sara and Constance are relying on the method of: Empiricism Authority Rationalism Tenacity

Authority

Scotty has no patience with social media debates about what is or is not happening in politics. He trusts one particular network, and if he hears it on that network, he knows it is true. Otherwise, it cannot be true. -Authority -Intuition -Tenacity -Rationalism

Authority

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called Answer research associates. research cohorts. research participants. research subjects.

research participants