psy 301 chapter 9

are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex education programs.

. A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs:

49%

. A recent national study revealed that _____ of U.S. adolescents follow the federal government's exercise recommendations.

. 10%

. According to a U.S. national survey conducted in 2013, the increases in the percentages of high school students who say they are currently sexual active starts with ninth-graders at 20%, and increases roughly _____ with each grade.

personal fable

. Anneliese, age 14, has just broken up with her first boyfriend. She is distraught, feeling as though she will never find love again. She wonders if she will ever trust anyone again. Anneliese tried to explain this to her mother, but realized that her mother just doesn't get it. Anneliese's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.

imaginary audience.

. Attention-seeking behaviors, such as desires to be noticed, are motivated by the adolescent characteristic called:

early to middle adolescent years

. Becky's anorexia nervosa started in her _____, right after her family moved across the country and she entered a new school.

. have family dinners most nights of the week.

. Bill wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son. You would suggest that Bill:

. 70%

. Gina is receiving drug therapy and psychotherapy for her bulimia nervosa. She is finding the therapy very helpful. Gina hopes to be among the _____ of individuals with bulimia nervosa who eventually recover from this disorder.

64%; 30%

. In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2013, _____ of twelfth-graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse, compared with _____ of ninth-graders.

30%

. In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ risk of getting genital herpes.

school-related

. In a study of students who left high school before graduating, almost 50% cited _____ reasons for leaving school.

. African American males

. In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence?

is competitive and high achieving.

. Jackie, age 15, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. It is most likely that Jackie:

personal fable.

. Jake, 18 years old, understands the physics of why a high-speed object goes off track on a curve. Regardless, he told his friend, "I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can." This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in:

. both of them are likely to be shorter than their peers.

. Jennifer's children have always been short when compared to their classmates. One day her son blurted out, "I can't wait until I'm in college because I'll be really tall by then!" Her daughter chimed in with, "Me, too!" Jennifer knew she needed to tell them that after puberty:

sexual identity.

. Learning to manage sexual feelings, developing new forms of intimacy, and learning the skills to regulate sexual behavior is part of developing one's:

was bisexual in adolescence before settling into her lifestyle.

. Leslie, now 30 years old, reflects back on her journey as a lesbian, and realizes her story is typical. She:

early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.

. Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S. adolescents that:

when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.

. Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:

falls within a normal weight range.

. Penny has been diagnosed as suffering from bulimia nervosa. Her story is typical in that it began with an episode of dieting. It is most likely that she:

childhood illnesses.

. Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have:

having friends with good grades

. Rusty wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son. You can tell Rusty to notice who is son is hanging out with. Increased substance use is linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

. better sleep.

. Screen-based activity is linked to adolescent health in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

middle-income family.

. Stevie is typical of girls who develop anorexia nervosa. She is competitive, stressed about always being the best at everything, and is from an educated:

personal fable.

. The _____ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.

Hypothalamus

. Which of the following monitors eating and sex?

Early-maturing girls

. Who is MOST likely to have sexual experiences, quit high school before graduating, cohabit, and marry earlier?

Marijuana

. _____ is the illicit drug most widely used in the United States, and its use by adolescents increased from 2008 to 2011.

. Service

. _____ learning is a form of education, usually involving time outside of the classroom, that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.

menarch; late

A girl's first menstruation is called _____ and usually comes _____ in the process of puberty.

girls were more likely to report they had 60 minutes of vigorous exercise than boys.

A national study of U.S. adolescents revealed all of the following except that:

concrete operational; formal operational

Abe is giving his children some brain teaser challenges. He asked, "If a smot is bigger than a hek, a kom is bigger than duj, and a smot is bigger than a kom, then which is bigger: a hek or a duj?" His younger child wants to draw pictures of each item, but his older child can do it mentally. His younger child is _____, while his older child is _____.

egocentrism

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:

formal operational

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development, the _____ stage, begins.

. Peer relations

According to a recent large-scale study of eighth- and tenth-graders, among the various risk factors, which of the following is the strongest predictor of substance abuse?

. has declined since the late 1990s.

According to the study by Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan monitoring the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools, the percentage of illicit drug use:

less likely to get pregnant.

Adolescent girls who initiate oral-genital sex first, as opposed to vaginal sex first, are:

when they are emotionally calm.

Adolescents are more likely to make risky decisions in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:

decreased emphasis on sex in the media

All of the following are proposed reasons for the decline in teen pregnancies over the last two decades EXCEPT:

unintentional injuries.

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to:

Amanda is at risk of becoming anorexic herself.

Amanda's mother suffers from anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements about Amanda is TRUE?

. women more than men.

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa affect:

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Anorexia nervosa is a(n):

10 times more

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.

. trust the credibility of sources.

As compared to children, young adolescents are more likely to do all of the following except:

Imaginary audience

As part of their effort to retain a sense of _____, adolescents might craft a story about the self that is filled with fantasy, immersing themselves in a world that is far removed from reality.

imaginary audience

As part of their effort to retain a sense of _____, adolescents might craft a story about the self that is filled with fantasy, immersing themselves in a world that is far removed from reality.

Angelo, a Latino male

Based on data from the National Center for Education Statistics published in 2014, which student is the MOST likely to drop out of high school?

authoritative

Beverly is conducting a workshop for young parents from disadvantaged backgrounds. She advises taking a _____ approach, setting high expectations while helping children meet such expectations, and discussing discipline and the reasons for house rules. "For those with alcohol issues in the family, this parenting style is linked to lower alcohol consumption in adolescence."

do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.

Bonita, a school psychologist, is attending a school board meeting to hear the discussion on sex education courses. One audience member, arguing for an abstinence program, says, "Well, there's one way to make sure there is more sex and that's to talk about it in school every day." Bonita came prepared to share research which shows that sex education programs:

have a distorted body image.

Both individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa:

is almost finished with puberty.

Brian's mom was watching him play basketball and noticed, for the first time, that he has significant hair in his armpits now. She knows this means Brian is:

cognitive control.

Carissa is ready to read the chapter in her textbook for tomorrow. She knows that her smartphone is a distraction for her, so she turns the sound off. A few times while she was reading she wondered if she had any messages, but then thought, "Well, that will be my reward for getting through this. I need to keep reading." Carissa is demonstrating:

academic achievement

Carla and Patricia are both mothers of middle-school girls who are well into puberty. Carla said, "I wish there was something I could do to keep her from becoming sexually active before she's really ready." Patricia said, "I just read an article about a study that showed that _____ acted like a protective factor. That's what we need to focus on."

drink, smoke, and/or have an eating disorder

Chandra and Roberto are worried about their daughter. She started puberty earlier than most of her friends, and because of her body shape she looks older than she really is. One of their greatest worries is that she will:

cognitive control.

Controlling one's attention, reducing interfering thoughts, avoiding distractions, and being cognitively flexible are elements of:

. 85%

Dave confronted his daughter about the possibility that she has developed anorexia nervosa. His daughter is upset by the accusation, and states that she does not have the disorder because her weight is more than _____ of what is considered normal for her age and height.

intoxication while driving.

Diego is worried and afraid every time his daughter leaves in a car with one of her friends. He knows among car accidents, the most prevalent is:

the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

1%

Even though Harper's daughter is displaying signs of anorexia nervosa, she didn't think it was possible because only slightly less than _____ of girls in the United States develop anorexia nervosa.

egocentrism.

Even though Piaget would say adolescents are capable of very intelligent reasoning, Elkind would say that reasoning is influenced by adolescent:

. Imaginary audience

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. "I can't let everyone see me this way," she thinks. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?

. cognitive control.

Franco is tired of studying for an exam that is still two days away, but he knows he needs to stay with it. He is thinking, "Even though I'm sick of this, I know I can get an A on this exam if I keep studying." Franco is demonstrating:

. boys can show the same symptoms

Fred confronted his son about the possibility he has developed anorexia nervosa. His son laughs and says, "That's a girl thing." Fred replies that

. abstract thinking.

Gabriel said to his son, "I can tell you are getting smarter because you can talk about things like democracy and freedom in a more philosophical way." Basically, Gabriel is saying his son is capable of:

sexual identity.

Gary is starting to have sexual feelings and, although a little overwhelmed by it, he is curious about masturbation and drawn to anything sexual. As he manages his desire for stimulation, while keeping it all private from anyone else, he is working on his:

Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role-playing and peer group problem solving.

George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is the best strategy for improving their decision making?

Bulimia nervosa

Her friends have noticed that Dalia tends to go on eating binges and then purges by self-inducing vomiting or using a laxative. It's starting to worry them because she has been consistently doing this for almost a month. Which of the following conditions does Dalia suffer from?

.. personal uniqueness

Hilda has filled her diary with her love for Karl, although Karl has no awareness of her interest in him. She has come up with names for their children, where they will live, and what occupations they will have. According to Elkind, her effort to create her unique place in Karl's heart is part of her:

. 62; 27

In 1991, the U.S. birth rate for 15- to 19-year-olds was _____ births per 1,000 females; in 2013, the rate was _____ births per 1,000 females.

. 50%

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ______ risk of contracting gonorrhea.

bulimia nervosa.

In her early twenties, Fatima moved to a new town for a new job. She became obsessed with food and dieting, while at the same time she was anxious and often unable to control her emotions. While she maintains a normal weight, most people do not realize how dysfunctional her relationship with food is. It is likely she may be diagnosed with

that sex education programs reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

In terms of sex education, most experts agree:

more positively; stronger sense of identity

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.

declined significantly

In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.

. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires:

. declined.

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates:

degree of restrictions they place on food intake.

Individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa differ in the:

bulimia nervosa.

Jordan is very afraid of gaining weight but she cannot control her eating habits. She has been making up for her eating binges by vomiting immediately after a meal or by purging with laxatives. This pattern of behavior has been occurring thrice a week for the past 4 months. Jordan is most likely suffering from:

idealism

Kamal, now able to think abstractly, has taken an interest in politics. He realizes the potential in individuals and the many good things large groups of people might accomplish. Using Piaget's terms, Kamal is showing _____.

. anorexia nervosa.

Katie weighs less than 85% of what is considered normal for her age and height. Yet, she sees herself as too fat and starves to become thinner. Katie MOST likely suffers from:

developmental social neuroscience

Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that, although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions. His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of _____, which involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes.

personal uniqueness

Leila, age 14, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism.

Increased penis and testicle size

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.

Myron is concerned that his son is not getting enough exercise, particularly for a teenager. After some research, Myron finds that the U.S. federal government's exercise recommendations for adolescents are a:

11%; 21%

National data indicate that the percentage of overweight U.S. 12- to 19-year-olds increased from _____ to _____, from the early 1990s to 2011-2012.

homicide

Nazeer is very concerned about his son. He just saw some statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics, published in 2014, that show that _____ is the second-leading cause of death, especially among African American males.

formal operations

Only about one in three young adolescents reach the level of _____, and many in the United States and other cultures never achieve it.

decreased.

Over the last two decades, for adolescents age 15 to 19, the frequency of sexual intercourse, being sexually active, and having sexual intercourse with four or more partners has:

A. a strength-based, positive approach to development.

Peter Benson and his colleagues would like to see the fragmented social policy for youth in the United States include a greater focus on:

. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Peter and Roland are trying to figure out if they can mow the yard before they go to soccer practice. Peter says, "Let's just try it." Roland says, "We can figure this out. Walk with the mower across the yard and I'll time you. Then we'll estimate how may swipes it will take and get a total time." Roland is thinking like someone using _____.

providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation.

Rashid decided to fulfill his service learning requirement by working with a local organization that helps people in need find free furniture and appliances. His teacher insisted that he keep a journal during the project and at the end present a summary to the class. She is providing a key component to the service learning experience, which is:

have depression.

Research has shown that adolescent mothers are more likely to:

menarche

Sandra is shopping for school clothes with her daughter. Even though all the girls in her class wanted to start wearing bras, Sandra is noticing that her daughter actually needs one now. Having just read about sexual development, Sandra knows the next step is not _____.

. abstract thinking.

Sergei has noticed his daughter is asking questions about religion and a force governing the universe in a sophisticated way. He said, "I remember when you thought there was literally an old man like Santa Claus in the sky, and now your thinking has progressed." Another way of saying this is to say is daughter is now capable of:

providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation

Service learning is often more effective when two conditions are met: (1) giving students some degree of choice in the service activities in which they participate, and (2) _____.

tripled; 12%

Since the 1950s, the adolescent suicide rate has _____ to the current level where suicide accounts for _____ of the deaths among adolescents 15 to 19 years old.

. 1%; 2%

Slightly less than _____ of girls in the United States will develop anorexia nervosa and another _____ are estimated to develop bulimia nervosa.

less likely to get pregnant.

Stella is reluctant to have her daughter in sex education class, so she is visiting with the school nurse who will teach the class. While looking over the materials Stella is surprised to see information on oral sex. "I don't see why this is necessary," Stella said. The nurse replied, "Research shows that girls who initiate oral-genital sex first, as opposed to vaginal sex first, are:

amenorrhea.

Sylvia confronted her daughter about the possibility that she has developed anorexia nervosa. Her daughter is upset by the accusation, and states that she does not have the disorder because she is not experiencing:

two years later

Terry has fraternal twins, Nathan and Natalie. Even though they are the same age, he knows that Nathan will enter a growth spurt about _____ than Natalie.

. smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.

The Carnegie Foundation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that:

eating more.

The National Sleep Foundation survey of adolescents found that inadequate sleep on school nights was related to all of the following EXCEPT:

personal fable

The _____ is the characteristic of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility.

corpus callosum

The _____, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads

The endocrine system's role in puberty involves the interaction of the:

Asian Americans.

The lowest school dropout rate in the United States in 2013 occurred for:

. 9; 11.5

The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is _____, peaking at age _____.

. early reading programs.

The most effective programs that discourage dropping out of high school include:

dopamine.

The neurotransmitter associated with risk taking and use of addictive drugs is:

acting out and boundary testing are ways adolescents move toward accepting their parents' values.

The textbook author would agree with all of the following statements about adolescents except that:

. abstract thinkers

Two teachers are discussing lesson plans for first-grade students. One teacher asks, "What do you think about a unit on motivation and ambition?" The other replied, "We need to be careful with that because our students are not yet _____."

a lower incidence of type I diabetes.

Wayne is attending a parents' meeting to discuss funding the purchase of gym equipment for the high school. Most people think it's too expensive. Those who are in favor of getting students on a treadmill or similar machine argue that daily exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence, EXCEPT:

73%

When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self-images of adolescents in a number of countries, at least _____ of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image.

. top-dog

When students make the transition to middle or junior high school, they experience the _____ phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school.

Gay and lesbian youth do not follow a predictable pattern in developing their sexual identity.

Which is TRUE regarding the development of sexual identity in gay and lesbian youth?

African American adolescents are more likely to have a child than Latino adolescents

Which is true of adolescent pregnancy?

Planning

Which of the following brain linkages would be the last to reach maturity?

Hips grow wider than shoulders

Which of the following characteristics is the last to develop during puberty for girls?

They are usually overweight.

Which of the following is FALSE about individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa?

Less than half of the high school students who are sexually active use condoms.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding adolescent sexuality?

We can pinpoint the beginning of puberty but not when it is over.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding puberty?

Increased popularity at school

Which of the following is NOT a benefit linked to regular exercise in adolescence?

. personal fable

Which of the following is NOT a part of the executive function in typical adolescent information processing?

Imaginary audience

Which of the following is NOT a part of the executive function in typical adolescent information processing?

Fostering of passivity in students

Which of the following is a concern related to U.S. high school education?

He proposed that all adults would reach the highest stage of cognitive development.

Which of the following is not a criticism of Piaget's work?

Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa?

Growth of facial hair

Which of the following is typically the last male pubertal characteristic to occur?

Maximum growth in height and weight

Which of the following is typically the last male pubertal characteristic to occur?

Obesity is linked to a later onset of puberty.

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is FALSE?

For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is TRUE?

Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

. Students are too trusting of their teachers.

Which of the following was NOT a criticism made by the Carnegie Foundation in its evaluation of U.S. middle schools?

Academic achievement

Which of the following was found to offer a protective factor against early sexual intercourse?

. Both boys and girls become more positive about their bodies as they move through puberty.

Which statement is TRUE of adolescents, gender differences, and body image?

estradiol, testosterone

While both testosterone and estradiol are present in both boys and girls, _____ dominates female pubertal development and _____ dominates male pubertal development

eight

While the rate of current sexual activity is the same in the United States and the Netherlands, the U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is _____ times as high as in the Netherlands.

diet.

Winona purchased a gym membership for herself and her adolescent daughter, vowing that they will exercise every day together. Winona's motivation came from an article she read that detailed research showing that adolescents who exercise improved in all these areas EXCEPT:

African Americans

_____ are more likely to engage in sexual behaviors early than those in other ethnic groups.

Puberty

_____ is a brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that occur in this period of development.

Service

_____ learning takes education out into the community.