Psy 307 Final
What was the average life expectancy in 1900?
47 years
In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ______ percent risk of contracting gonorrhea.
50
Over the last two decades, the U.S. birth rate for 15- to 19-year-olds has decreased by approximately ______ percent.
50
In 2012, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.
58
Exercise in middle-age was linked to a reduction in the occurrence of lung cancer by approximately:
68 percent
A national survey revealed that _____ percent of 18- to 24-year-olds had created a profile on a social networking site and _____ percent of them visited a social networking site several times a day.
81;31
In 2011, 1 in _____ men 75 or older was still working.
9
Which of the following statements about autonomy-granting in adolescence is TRUE?
Boys are given more independence than girls.
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75-84 and 85 and over age groups?
Cardiovascular disease
Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have:
Childhood illnesses
_____ are small groups that range from two to about twelve individuals and average about five or six individuals
Cliques
What is the difference between cliques and crowds?
Cliques are more personal than crowds.
Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as:
Cohabitation
Identify a possible reason for the changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence of different age groups in John Horn's cross-sectional study
Cohort effects
According to Jean Piaget, which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds?
Concrete operational thinking
A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of _____ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood.
Conscientiousness
According to Sternberg, the strongest, fullest form of love is ______ love.
Consummate
Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various types of training in improving working memory in older adults. These studies provide evidence for the ______ of working memory in older adults.
Plasticity
In general, research suggests that physicians have a(n) ______ attitude toward advance directives. o
Positive
The _____ is the "judgment" region that reins in intense emotions but doesn't finish developing until at least emerging adulthood.
Prefrontal cortex
Which of the following is the term Erik Erikson uses to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy?
Psychosocial moratorium
According to Tannen, women enjoy _____ talk more than _____ talk.
Rapport; report
Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE?
Research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts.
In terms of attachment, who fulfills the needs for young adults that parents did for their children?
Romantic partners
Which country has the highest divorce rate?
Russia
In a study, almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school.
School-related
Which of the following aspects of life do middle-aged adults feel they have less control over?
Sex life
According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is:
Sexual desire
Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is MOST likely to have better access to education?
Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is MOST likely to have better access to education? o Suki
All of the following are characteristics associated with centenarians EXCEPT:
Smoking
Which of the following statements about social support for older adults is FALSE?
Social support has not been shown to affect depression in older adults.
Which of the following theories challenges the notion that older adults are in despair because of social isolation?
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend MOST of their time with familiar individuals and family?
Socioemotional selectivity theory
_____ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation.
Stagnation
Researchers are exploring _____ buffering strategies, such as exercise, in an effort to find ways to attenuate some of the negative effects of stress on the aging process.
Stress
Age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in:
The back and legs
Which of the following is observed in older adults?
The chest size decreases.
Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. This is an example of which model of social relations?
The convoy model
According to the contemporary life-events approach, the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT:
The individual's cognitive capacity
Identify the way in which young adults think differently from adolescents.
The thinking of young adults is more reflective.
Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?
The top-dog phenomenon
Most parents learn parenting practices from:
Their own parents
Identify the similarity between anorexics and bulimics.
They have a distorted body image
Which of the following is TRUE about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide?
They use more lethal means than do females.
Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife?
Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis.
Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE?
When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.
Most researchers believe that changes in identity are more likely to take place during:
emerging adulthood.
A recent study revealed that in their early twenties, women showed more _____ with their closest friend than did men.
emotional intimacy
Middle-aged partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they:
engage in mutual activities.
A recent study revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.
engaged in lower levels of physical activity
Reggie, 16, gets into a lot of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around:
everyday events of family life.
According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the emotion trajectory is high during:
infancy and early childhood.
Development in early adulthood involves a balance of:
intimacy and commitment on the one hand, with independence and freedom on the other.
In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking:
is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.
With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:
men tend to remarry sooner than women do.
In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed.
more conservative
A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of:
o Brain death
According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by:
passion, intimacy, and commitment.
An individual's body image encompasses his/her:
physical identity
Traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both: o
provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.
One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:
reduced responsiveness to regrets.
"I don't need all the elaborate details, just tell me what I need to know." This phrase is typical of someone who prefers _____ talk when communicating.
report
Older adults who participated in 20 one-hour video game training sessions with the program Lumosity showed improvements in their:
selective attention.
Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with: o
separation anxiety.
Toby has the ability to visualize three-dimensional objects and rotate them. Toby's ability is known as:
spatial orientation
In terms of sex education, most experts agree:
that sex education programs reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.
Active euthanasia is legal in: o
the Netherlands and Uruguay.
Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:
the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.
In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of getting HIV.
1
Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.
10 times more
Estimates indicate that as many as _____ percent of individuals 65 years of age and older have mild cognitive impairment.
10 to 20
Six months after their loss, approximately _____ percent of survivors have difficulty moving on with their life, feel numb or detached, believe their life is empty without the deceased, and feel that the future has no meaning. o
10 to 20
On average, body fat accounts for about _____ of body weight in middle age.
20 percent
The average age that a woman gives birth for the first time in the United States is:
26
Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of:
30
Three prominent meanings are attached to being a grandparent. Which of the following is NOT one of those meanings?
A financial strain
Who amongst the following is MOST likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?
A girl in early adolescence
Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus she believes in:
Activity theory
George Vaillant concludes that _____ is a time for detecting parental flaws and discovering the truth about childhood.
Adolescence
Juggling the competing demands of intimacy, identity, and independence becomes a central task of:
Adulthood
A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.
Affectionate love
Who among the following are LEAST likely to exhibit suicidal behavior?
African-American male adolescents
Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:
Age identity
_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.
Arthritis
Ellie is 75 years old. According to your text, she is MOST likely to complain about:
Back pain
According to Levinson, one of the changes to middle adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is NOT one of these major conflicts?
Being attractive versus being unattractive
Sleep deprivation during adolescence contributes to all of the following EXCEPT:
Better academic achievement.
Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in heterosexual and homosexual relationships?
Both heterosexual women and lesbians have fewer sexual partners than men
Carlise feels passionate about her husband, they often disclose their innermost thoughts to one another, and both are committed to the relationship. Which type of love describes their relationship?
Consummate
The _____ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality.
Cumulative personality
A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT: o
Decreased quality of care at the end of life
Alzheimer disease is a form of:
Dementia
Myette has just been told that she has breast cancer and that her tests show that the cancer has spread to her liver. Myette says, "I feel great. The lab obviously has my test results mixed up with someone else." According to Kübler-Ross, Myette is in the _____ stage of dying. o
Denial and isolation
According to research, grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are at increased risk for developing:
Depression
After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear. o
Depression
Data from a recent longitudinal study found that internet use by older adults was associated with a decrease of one-third in the likelihood of developing:
Depression
Which of the following is MOST typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?
Difficulty viewing close objects
_____ grief is grief over a deceased person that is socially ambiguous and cannot be openly mourned or supported. o
Disenfranchised
Which of the following is the MOST frequent form of ageism?
Disrespect for older adults
According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:
Egocentrism
Gina is MOST likely to experience disenfranchised grief if her _____ dies. o
Ex-husband
Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include:
Exercise
The cognitive benefits for older adults who exercise include all of the following EXCEPT
Expanded short-term memory capacity.
Which of the following is one of the Big Five factors of personality?
Extraversion
Bob worships his colleague Anne. He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them. Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love.
Fatuous
According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood lasts about _____ years.
Five
Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is TRUE?
For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.
Saeko has commited herself to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole through her connection with their children and grandchildren. According to Erikson, she is:
Generative
In a recent study by Cox & others, _____ was strongly linked to middle-aged adults' positive social engagement in contexts such as family life and community activities.
Generativity
_____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.
Generativity
_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love. o
Grief
_____, the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of adolescent friendships, proposed that friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs in adolescence
Harry Stack Sullivan
Which of the following is TRUE about Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl?
He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life.
Condoms are less effective against the spread of:
Herpes
Which of the following is NOT associated with low levels of parental monitoring?
Higher academic achievement
According to a study by Park, _____ religious individuals were less likely to be psychologically distressed
Highly
_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible. o
Hospice
Which of the following statements about hospice care is TRUE? o
Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.
Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of:
Hypertension
Which of the following is the identity status where crisis and commitment are both absent?
Identity diffusion
Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?
Imaginary audience
Emilio is facing imminent death. Given a choice, the LEAST desirable place he would choose to die is: o
In a nursing home
Cognitive neuroscience has uncovered some important links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
In older adults, the functioning of the hippocampus declines more than the functioning of the frontal lobes.
A recent study found that activities with friends _____ positive affect and life satisfaction in older adults.
Increased
All of the following are associated with reminiscence therapy in older adults EXCEPT:
Increased physical mobility.
Juggling the competing demands of intimacy, identity, and independence becomes a central task of:
Intimacy
Sullivan argued that the need for _____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends.
Intimacy
A man in his mid-forties is MOST likely to notice:
Joint stiffness
According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women?
Lack of sexual interest
According to the 2014-2015 Occupational Outlook Handbook, all of the following are projected to be the fastest growing job categories EXCEPT:
Lawyers
The pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities of their own interest is called:
Leisure
What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition?
Levinson reported that his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men.
Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look back and evaluate their life. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:
Life review
Which of the following is NOT linked to cardiovascular disease?
Life satisfaction
_____ is a condition in which individuals may have relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.
Macular degeneration
In the Gond culture of India, death is believed to be caused by: o
Magic and demons
All of the following have been identified as sources of chronic stress EXCEPT:
Marital satisfaction
Which of the following is TRUE of middle-aged and older adults who had poor sibling relationships in childhood?
Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50.
Harriet, a middle-aged woman, just started taking yoga classes. She is likely to see a decrease in her:
Menopausal symptoms
Which of the following is NOT a problem that face many cohabitating couples?
Pet ownership
A recent analysis concluded that rates of volunteering do not decline significantly until the:
Mid-seventies
_____ is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease.
Mild cognitive impairment
In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy?
Monaco
According to research, each successive generation in the twentieth and now the twenty-first century is _____ educated than generations prior.
More
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major diseases that can impair the vision of older adults?
Myopia
According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure?
Neuroticism
Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?
Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude.
Which of the following is NOT true of Internet penetration and usage amongst older adults?
Older adults log lesser time on the Internet than younger adults.
Which of the following statements about older workers is TRUE?
Older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers.
Approximately _____ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.
One-third
Which of the following statements about a living will is FALSE? o
Only the terminally ill can write one.
Active euthanasia is legal in the state of: o
Oregon
In 1994, the state of _____ passed the Death With Dignity Act, which allows active euthanasia. o
Oregon
Salina walks with a marked stoop now that she is old. This is most likely due to:
Osteoporosis
Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia. o
Passive
Which of the following statements about late midlife is FALSE?
People in late midlife are less likely to experience their last child leaving home than people in early midlife.
In terms of decision making, adolescents make better decisions:
When they are calm
A recent study found that an insecure attachment to parents at age 14 predicted:
a more anxious romantic attachment style at age 22.
In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies:
a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.
Stan, a middle-aged man, rarely gets more than five hours of sleep a night. Stan is at risk for:
a weakening of his immune system.
Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the U.S. is FALSE?
about half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females.
Sustained exercises such as jogging, swimming, or cycling that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as:
aerobic exercises.
Mexican-origin adolescent girls living in the United States expected autonomy:
at an earlier age than their mothers preferred.
Daughters of teenage mothers are:
at increased risk for teenage childbearing.
A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.
ate more fast food and fewer fruits/vegetables
Alonzo is unemployed. According to your text, he is at risk for
cardiovascular disease.
Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:
choose close friends over new friends as they grow older
Marie is reluctant to marry since she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is:
clearly the exception rather than the rule.
The number of full and part-time college students who are also working has _____ since 2008.
decreased
Some developmentalists theorize that it is not until adulthood that many individuals consolidate their _____ thinking.
formal operational
James, an American, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____, whereas Nirmal, an Indian, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____.
gets a full-time job; gets married
Identity development:
gets done in bits and pieces.
A study of tenth graders revealed that:
having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.
In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:
holding a permanent, full-time job.
Which of the following is the identity status where a crisis is present but commitment is absent?
identity moratorium
In a study of adults 55 years and older, sexual activity was linked to:
improvements in physical and mental health.
The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _____ for girls than for boys.
two years earlier
In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:
verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.
Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:
when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.
