psy ch 4
Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates
Antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE?
C
Joanna is very serious about her work as a teacher. She rarely misses work, attends every meeting prepared to make a contribution, and is never behind in grading her students' work. Which Big Five trait is Joanna illustrating?
Conscientiousness
John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, and is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from
Major depressive disorder
Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium?
Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of
Post traumatic stress disorder
Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?
Sigmund Freud
Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called
The Big Five (Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism)
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from
delusions (poor mr james)
Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates
displacement
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim three times a day for two consecutive weeks The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates
exposure therapy
While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as
free association
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing
hallucinations
Taryn, who was sexually assaulted in a parking lot, experiences frequent nightmares and has withdrawn from her family and friends. Since the attack, she has difficulty sleeping and can no longer hold down a job. Taryn's symptoms indicate that she has
post traumatic stress disorder
Kyle has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He hears voices and believes the government is plotting to steal his internal organs and sell them to foreign governments. Kyle is demonstrating the ________ symptoms of schizophrenia.
postive
Herman Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used __________ test.
projective
The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defense against the anxiety caused by one's owns unacceptable impulses best illustrates
psychodynamic perspective
Freud indicated that defense mechanisms
reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Erikson suggested that the adolescents who simply take on their parents' values or conform to their parents' expectations have failed to work on
refining their sense of identity
Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of
repression
Zian can't decide what he wants to do with his life. He has tried several different jobs, but has been fired for lack of effort each time. According to Erikson, Zian best illustrates
role confusion
Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate
self acualization
Which perspective most clearly emphasizes that the development of personality is partially learned through conditioning and imitating the behavior of others
social cognitive perspective
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
social withdrawal
According.to Erikson, teens who suffer role confusion have not yet
solidified a sense of identity
An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are
specific and temporary
To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates
systematic desensitization
Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.
the collective unconscious
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of
the medical model
Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development?
Carl Rogers
cognitive therapy is most likely to
D.
In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, researches found that, as compared with the brain of nonmurders of the same age and sex, the brain of murderers showed reduced activity in the _____________, a brain area that helps with impulse control.
Frontal lobe
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by
a biopsychosocial approach
Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from
a mood disorder
Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from
a phobia
Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of
a positive self concept
According to Erikson, trust is to infancy as identity is to
adolescence
Mr. Santo has not left his home for 10 years for fear of having a panic attack. When he does think of leaving his home, he begins to hyperventilate, shake, and experience chest pains. Mr. Santo has the symptoms of
agoraphobia
One of the Big Five personality factors is
agreeableness
Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of
anorexia nervosa
Malik was severely depressed for two weeks, but then became very agitated, going on wild spending sprees and driving recklessly around town. He was arrested for running into a bar with no clothes while laughing and yelling very loudly. Malik's behavior illustrates
bipolar disorder
Thirty-year-old Jeremy has extreme, recurring mood swings in which he experiences sever bouts of depression and then becomes extremely agitated and euphoric for no apparent reason. Jeremy is suffering from
bipolar disorder
Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach best illustrates
client centered therapy
An intense fear of spiders isn't considered a psychological disorder unless
it interferes with normal day to day life
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.
learning
Matthew spends each morning counting every book in his personal library, as well as ever kitchen untensil and dish before he will leave for work. He repeats the proccess when he comes home. He recognizes that this is irrational, but he becomes extremely aggitated when he tries to stop.
obsessive compulsive disorder
The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of __________ in this disorder.
viral infections
Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n)
weak superego
Although questions remain concerning the cause(s) of depression, we don know that
women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from major depressive disorder