Psy Ch.6 Memory

___________ theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting.

Decay

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on _____________________

Forgetting

_________________ defined as the retention of information or experience over time.

Memory

A special form of episodic memory is _____________ which includes individuals' recollections of their own life experiences.

autobiographical

Uncle Charlie loves to tell family stories. His nephews observe that these stories evolve over time, but they enjoy hearing them because Charlie is a great storyteller. This is an example of how ______ memory fosters intimacy and creates social bonds.

autobiographical

Autobiographical memory is a special form of _____ memory.

episodic

Which of the following are recommended for organizing for memory processes

-Experiment with different organizational techniques. -Organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize. -Review notes that you are preparing to memorize.

Which of the following are recommended for organizing for memory processes?

-Organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize. -Review notes that you are preparing to memorize. -Experiment with different organizational techniques.

Which of the following are functions of autobiographical memory?

-Sharing personal experience creates social bonds. -It allows us to learn from our experiences. -It provides us with identity.

Alzheimer disease involves deterioration of which of the following?

-physical functioning -reasoning -language -memory

(Alzheimer/Parkinson) disease is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning.

Alzheimer's, Alzheimer, Alzheimers, Alzhiemers, Alzhiemer, or Alzhiemer's

_________________ theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting.

Decay

______ attention involves concentrating on more than one task or activity at a time.

Divided

_______________ failure occurs when the information has never entered long-term memory.

Encoding

_____ is a memory task in which the person has to retrieve previously learned information; _____ is a memory task in which the person has to identify learned items.

Recall; recognition

________________is the memory process by which information retained in memory is brought out of storage—that is, when we recall or remember something.

Retrieval

memory holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses.

Sensory

Uncle Charlie loves to tell family stories. His nephews observe that these stories evolve over time, but they enjoy hearing them because Charlie is a great storyteller. This is an example of how ________ memory fosters intimacy and creates social bonds.

autobiographical

Which theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting?

decay

Concentrating on more than one activity at a time is called

divided attention.

When________________, is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

elaboration

Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of

elaboration.

The initial recording of information into memory is called

encoding

The process by which information gets into memory storage is ___________________

encoding

In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental_____________ to remember the necessary route.

imagery

When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Don vividly remembers the theory today. This is an example of the effect of

imagery.

The term _____ refers to a continuum from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper producing better memory.

levels of processing

A relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information is _____ memory.

long-term

Dr. Quincy loves to have students in her Abnormal Psychology class work with case studies and reflect upon diagnostic questions, instead of reading and studying material. This is because Dr. Quincy is familiar with the research on memory and understands that

memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have.

Dr. Wu asks students to look at real-world problems related to political science, instead of reading and studying textbooks and note cards with definitions. This is because Dr. Wu is familiar with the research on memory and understands that

memory we can connect to knowledge we already have is recalled better.

Encoding failure occurs when the information was

never entered into long-term memory.

Before using memory processes, you must first ___________ the information you are about to study.

organize

Before using memory processes, you must first ______________ the information you are about to study.

organize

Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.

permanent

In terms of how we engage with information we are trying to remember, the continuum from shallow, to intermediate, to deep, where deeper levels produce better memory, is called levels of ___________________

processing

Memory is defined as the

retention of information or experience over time.

Jason is actively trying to remember his teammates' names, so he writes down the numbers from their jerseys and the position they play on the team, along with the first letter of their names. He is using the numbers as Blank______ cues to help his memory for the names of his teammates.

retrieval

Which of the following is the memory process by which information held in memory is brought out of storage?

retrieval

Which of the following holds information from the world in its original form for only a brief moment in time?

sensory memory

The ______________ position effect refers to the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list better than the items in the middle.

serial

You've just met Juan at a party and he tells you his phone number so you can get together later. You didn't write it down right away, and a few minutes later, you have forgotten it. This is because you failed to move the phone number from ____________-term memory to ________________-term memory.

short, long

______ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds unless strategies are used to retain it longer.

short-term

Saving information in memory for future use is called

storage.

Information must be encoded and ______________ in order to be retrieved later.

stored

Ariadna tried to remember her grocery list, but she was only able to remember eggs and butter (which were listed at the top) and juice and cereal (which were listed at the bottom). This illustrates

the serial position effect.