Psy Exam 1
Dr. Hendrix aims to study whether attending Montessori preschool causes an elevated overall high school GPA. Dr. Joplin is interested in the relationship between attending Montessori preschool and overall high school GPA. Using only the information provided, it is MOST likely that Dr. Hendrix will conduct a(n)__(a)_ study and Dr.Joplin will conduct a(n)_(b)_ study.
(a) Experimental (b) Correlational
Jack just earned his driver's license. Unfortunately, none of his friends have their driver's licenses. They often call Jack up late at night and demand he drives them to Wendys for Frosties. Jack loves driving at night, so he always drives his friends. Jack loves driving so much, he will often buy his friends extra menu items each trip. Based on this information, Jack is using _(a)_ to _(b)_ his friends behaviors.
(a) Reinforcement (b) Increase
Jackson is running a study examining whether iPad use affects the attention spans of users. As a measure of attention, Jackson asses how fast the participants can run 1 mile. Meanwhile, Tate is examining whether the vehicle one drives affects one's willingness to donate to charity. In one month of data collection Tate determined that people who drive Teslas donate less to charities than people who drive Toyota Prii. However, in the following month of Tates data collection the opposite pattern emerged. Using only the information given, it is MOST likely that Tates study is subject to a threat to _(a)__ and Jacksons study is subject to a threat to __(b)_
(a) Reliability (b) Validity
You are conducting a correlation study and find that most of the time as javelina sightings near homes increase, the number of prickly pear cacti fruit in the area near the homes decrease. Which of the following correlation coefficients MOST LIKELY represents your findings?
-0.85
Dr. Davis believes that whether a child demonstrates a particular trait depends on the quality of the neighborhood in which the child is raised. Which of the following does Dr. Davis MOST emphasize?
Nurture
Jeremiah, a newborn, lies motionless in his crib and focuses his gaze on a photograph of a desert landscape on the opposite wall. Jeremiah is MOST likely in which of the following infant states?
Alert inactivity
Sally is sitting in her Chemistry class listening to her professor discuss covalent bonds. Freud would MOST likely claim the information about covalent bonds resides in Sallys ___ awareness.
Conscious
Jennifer is a behavioral geneticist who hopes to demonstrate that a given trait is the result of environmental forces. Which of the following results would offer the MOST support for Jennifers case?
An adopted child is more likely to have a trait found in the adopted parent that is absent in the biological parent.
A child walks into the room where Bendi is sitting on a couch in the manner depicted in the prior photo and assumes Bendi is a human. Piaget would MOST likely claim that the child ___ Bendi into existing schemes.
Assimilated
Laura is an impressive tee-ball player. Laura's father takes her to the golf course and she starts hitting golf balls. She quickly learns her baseball grip is adequate for golf. Piaget would describe this process as which of the following?
Assimilation
Cousins Bailey, Sofia, and Zola are playing at an indoor baby gym. Bailey has just recently begun to crawl, Sofia has been crawling for a while, and Zola has recently begun to walk. The three cousins attention is suddenly captured by the pleasing sound of a familiar toy that has rolled down a slope that is too dangerous to attempt to navigate by crawling or walking. Which of the cousins is MOST likely to attempt going down the slope?
Bailey and Zola
Manuel earns an A on a spelling test and his mother agrees to purchase him the Xbox game that Manual has wanted for a long time. This is MOST consistent with which of the following broad theories of human development?
Behavioral
Marks believes his infant daughter is picking up new skills each and everyday even though he cannot recognize all the skills. Marks beliefs align MOST closely with a __ approach to development.
Continuous
Dr. Davis believes whether a child develops a certain ability hinges on whether or not they are exposed to a specific experience by a specific time. Which of the following does Dr. Davis MOST emphasize?
Critical Period
Suppose Dr. Sanchez determines that infants who are not exposed to a specific frequency of sound by the time they are 8 months old never demonstrate an ability to hear that frequency of sound. Dr. Sanchez's findings BEST demonstrate which of the following?
Critical vs. Sensitive periods
Mark believes his infant daughter is going through very distinctive stages of development is suddenly, upon turning 6 months old, able to do far more than she could at 5 ½ months. Marks beliefs align MOST closely with a ___ approach to development.
Discontinuous
A couple who is expecting their first child visits their physician. The physician MOST likely cautions the couple to be extremely careful about teratogen exposure during which of the following prenatal stages?
Embryonic
Maria is in the third week of her pregnancy. Which of the following prenatal stages is MOST applicable?
Embryonic
Mary is visiting her physicians office to ensure her pregnancy is progressing normally. The physician tells Mary the placenta has formed. What stage of prenatal development is Mary's child MOST likely in now?
Embryonic
A child spontaneously laughs. This event is BEST classified as the result of an affordance.
False
A friend tells you she is so happy that her son just began walking, as this new development means she does not have to watch him so carefully. Your friend is well informed about how motor development unfolds.
False
A pregnant woman is informed by her physician that her developing fetus has reached the age of viability. The woman is glad to hear this, as she concludes if her baby is born prematurely it will certainly survive. The woman demonstrates an accurate understanding of age of viability.
False
Darwin's theory of natural selection involves one component: survival.
False
Dr. Marcus discovers a certain psychological disorder is directly associated with the following allele: aabbccddeeffgg. Dr Marcus' discovery is MOST relevant to one's phenotype.
False
If the homicide rate in San Francisco and the sales of Ben and Jerrys ice cream are highly positively correlated, the MOST accurate conclusion given this data is Ben and Jerrys ice cream causes elevated numbers of homicide
False
Imagine an island with three groups of tribes that live together (and reproduce): the Blickets, the Neems and the Daxes. Unfortunately, a horrible monsoon wipes out all members of the Daxes. The resulting genetic drift is BEST classified as a founder effect.
False
Jameson has blue eyes, blonde hair, and freckles. This description of Jameson BEST reflects his genotype
False
Sonia, a 6 month-old, is playing with her favorite toy, a stuffed bear. Suddenly, a blanket falls off the shelf and covers her bear. According to Piaget, Sonia would MOST likely search for the bear.
False
Suppose researchers determined that the original colonizers of a village just happened to be taller than the population in their country of origin. As a result, the colonizers' offspring were significantly taller than usual. This BEST demonstrates a genetic bottleneck.
False
Maria is nearing the end of the second trimester. Which of the following prenatal stages is MOST applicable?
Fetal
Which of the following did NOT present an affordance to the child in the video?
Food
Devon, a writer, is presented with a choice: write another 500 words before relaxing or put her writing aside and immediately start watching Netflix. Devon immediately turns on Netflix and binge-watches her favorite show. Freud would most likely claim which of the following BEST represents the force behind Devons behavior?
ID
Jake works at McDonald's and has not eaten all day. An order is placed and Jake steals some of the customer's fries when preparing it. Freud would point to which which aspect of Jake's personality as the driving force behind this action?
ID
You're a second-grade teacher. In your class, you administer a spelling test. You notice that one student consistently peeks at the answers of the students seated around them. Freud would MOST likely attribute this action to the ___.
ID
A male bird develops a brightly colored coat during mating season in order to attract female birds. This BEST represents ______.
Intersexual Selection
Dr. Harris discovers males within an animal species construct elaborate structures out of sand in an effort to impress females of this species, thereby increasing males' chances of reproducing. This example is BEST categorized as__.
Intersexual Selection
Scientists discover a new bird that puffs its chest up when a potential mate is near. This behavior is MOST likely categorized as:
Intersexual Selection
Dr. Harris discovers a trait within males of a certain species that grants them a benefit in winning same-sex battles over access to females within the species. This example is BEST categorized as__
Intrasexual Selection
Jackson seems to be assimilating more than he is accommodating. Which of the following would Piaget MOST likely say?
Jackson likely just entered a new stage of cognitive development
Jacksons father has blonde hair. One day, Jackson is out at the mall with his mother and sees a man with blonde hair and calls him dad. Piaget would MOST likely say which of the following?
Jackson was assimilating
Jackson seems to be accommodating more than he is assimilating. Which of the following would Piaget MOST likely say?
Jackson will likely enter a new stage of cognitive development soon
Shaggy lives in a home with two young children. One child, LeBron, just started to walk. The other child, Tanisha has been crawling for several weeks. Both LeBron and Tanisha approach a decline that is not safe to navigate down. Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome?
LeBron is going to try and navigate the decline and Tanisha will not.
Jana wants to investigate how siblings tend to interact with one another while playing in a local park. Jana MOST likely uses which of the following methods?
Naturalistic Observation
You're interested in how many cars come to a complete stop when reaching an intersection with a stop sign. Which of the following should you choose to investigate this question?
Naturalistic Observation
Marcus, an adopted child, demonstrates a level of intelligence that is positively correlated with the intelligence of his biological father. This result is MOST applicable to which of the following themes of development?
Nature vs. Nurture
Do you think a child who just started walking is capable of judging action boundaries better than a child who has been crawling for several weeks?
No
You and a friend go out to eat at a local Thai restaurant. Assume you both have no abnormalities with your taste receptors on your tongues. You both order the same spicy dish and it is prepared with the same amounts of required spices. However, the dish tastes way spicier to you than to your friend. The disagreement in spice level is MOST likely due to which of the following?
Perception
Alex is sitting in her computer science course and taking notes on the ongoing lecture on how to use Python. Suddenly a friend leans over and asks Alex to tell him when the new season of American Horror Story starts, a show Alex knows a lot about and always watches. Assume Alex is paying attention to the lecture and engaged when his friend asks their question. Freud would claim the information about the start date of the TV show MOST likely resides in Alex's ___.
Preconscious
Frank is studying reaction time in new drivers. He creates a video game where new drivers must drive through a parking lot and brake before hitting a shopping cart that rolls out in front of them. The game automatically measures the length of time between when the shopping cart first starts rolling and when the car first reaches a complete stop. The first new driver completes the game 3 times. Their response times are 2 seconds, 8 seconds, and 1 second. The most immediate concern with this measure is MOST likely _____.
Reliability
A child just learned that toys continue to exist when hidden under towels. Of the following, which skill would Piaget predict the child would NOT be able to do?
Remember how to build a specific shape from blocks that you showed them a few days ago.
Of the following infant states, which one is MOST likely in the first several months after birth?
Sleeping
Which of the following do you think a newborn spends the most time doing?
Sleeping
Cousins Bailey, Sofia, and Zola are playing at an indoor baby gym. Bailey has just recently begun to crawl, Sofia has been crawling for a while, and Zola has recently begun to walk. The three cousins attention is suddenly captured by the pleasing sound of a familiar toy that has rolled down a slope that is too dangerous to attempt to navigate by crawling or walking. Which of the cousins is MOST likely to avoid going down the slope?
Sofia
Alicia is currently in labor and her midwife just informed her that her baby is crowning. Alicia is MOST likely in which of the following stages
Stage 2
The head of a woman's child is just passing through her cervix and becoming visible. Which stage of labor is she MOST likely experiencing?
Stage 2
A woman just delivered the placenta. Which stage of labor is she MOST likely experiencing?
Stage 3
A researcher is investigating whether caffeine affects taste perception. Participants are randomly assigned to drink a cup of caffeinated coffee or drink a coffee-like beverage that is not caffeinated. Next, they complete a taste test. The dependent variable is
Taste
Dr. Rainier is examining whether watching an episode of the Simpsons negatively affects intelligence. Half of the 15-year-old participants in Dr. Rainers experiment are randomly assigned to view an episode of the Simpsons, whereas the remaining 15-year-old participants are randomly assigned to read a chapter from The Catcher in the Rye. All participants complete a standardized measure of intelligence. The dependent variable is___
The standardized intelligence measure
Dr.Jones suspects participants consuming healthy food will perform better on an intelligence test than participants who do not consume healthy food. Dr. Jones has formulated a __
Theory
A behavior geneticist is investigating the relative contribution heredity plays in whether one demonstrates a specific personality trait. The geneticist conducts a study and finds identical twins are no more likely to demonstrate the trait than fraternal twins. The geneticist is MOST likely to conclude the trait is largely impacted by the environment and not genetics.
True
A father is adjusting to the sleep schedule of his newborn infant. The fathers difficulty is MOST likely stems from the fact the infants sleeping patterns and not how much sleep the infant needs.
True
Dr. Marcus discovers a certain psychological disorder is directly associated with the following allele: aabbccddeeffgg. Dr. Marcus' discovery is MOST relevant to ones genotype.
True
If the rate of course failure increases as the rate of alcohol consumption increases on weeknights, the correlation coefficient is positive.
True
Imagine U of A researchers are conducting an experiment where participants are asked to exercise vigorously and then complete an assessment of math aptitude. The participants in the researchers' experiment are MOST accurately categorized as the sample.
True
Maria is routinely accommodating more than she is assimilating. Piaget would claim it is MOST likely she is about to transition to an advanced stage of cognitive development.
True
Maria's mother gave her a tennis ball to bounce around the house. One day Maria encounters a similarly rounded lemon and tries to bounce it. Piaget would MOST likely describe Maria's actions (i.e., attempting to bounce a lemon) as accommodating the lemon into existing schemes.
True
Sonia, a 9 month-old, is playing with her favorite toy, a stuffed bear. Suddenly, a blanket falls off the shelf and covers her bear. According to Piaget, Sonia would MOST likely search for the bear.
True
Suppose a government shutdown, isolated to a specific period of time, forced families to take an elevated number of loans with extremely high interest rates. Furthermore, suppose families who took these loans because of the government shutdown begin defaulting on them in a few months, thereby placing their children's welfare at risk. Bronfenbrenner would likely agree that this example BEST reflects the chronosystem.
True
Two pregnant women are exposed to a chemical found in the environment. One woman is 6 weeks pregnant, whereas the other woman is 30 weeks pregnant. Given what we discussed about teratogens, it is MOST likely that both fetuses are differentially impacted by this exposure to the chemical.
True
Bethany, a 4-month-old, often cries and looks to her mother for comfort. Erickson would be MOST likely to place Bethany in what stage?
Trust vs. Mistrust
A child goes with their parents to the airport. At the airport security checkpoint, the child must be handed to a security officer as the parents show the contents of their bags to another officer. The child cries, but quickly calms down after they are handed back to their parents. Erickson would predict the child is MOST likely in which stage?
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-18mo)
Hillary wants to examine how caffeine impacts memory. Her participants are assigned to either drink Coke or a decaffeinated substitute that tastes similar to Coke. After drinking, all participants complete a memory task. What is the dependent variable?
Type of drink
A researcher is investigating whether caffeine affects taste perception. Participants are randomly assigned to drink a cup of caffeinated coffee or drink a coffee-like beverage that is not caffeinated. Next, they complete a taste test. The independent variable is _____.
Whether the drink is caffeinated or not