Psy. Exam 3
which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
reaction formation
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
what should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord
- The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta."
who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?
In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.
soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of
Moro reflex
which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?
Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school
How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?
Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.
The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rorschach
which of the following illustrates conversation?
Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices
what should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys
The phrase "black bile from the kidneys" should be changed to the phrase "white phlegm from the lungs."
how can we use conversion therapy to change someone's sexual orientation?
We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.
which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?
Transgender hormone therapy is ___________
a discredited therapy that attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could _______ if used rigidly and compulsively
become neurotic strategies
________ individuals experience emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals
bisexual
what should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: physiological and social
change the word "social" to the word "cognitive"
which of the following is an example of the over justification effect?
children enjoy playing w/ toys until they are told they will get paid to play with toys. They may still play with toys to get paid, but they view it diff. b/c they are getting paid
crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of _________
developmental milestones
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops
during early childhood
Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.
extrovert
what does set theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?
it will not result in long term weight loss b/c the body will resist change and seek its initial set point
________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects
motor
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?
moving toward people
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
According to Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory, emotion is determined by two factors: _____.
physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?
younger average age for marriage
which of the following statements about drive theory is incorrect?
according to drive theory, we are driven to develop new physiological needs in order to motivate our own behavior
according to research, the need for ________ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers
affiliation
According to the Yerkes - Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?
after he has received some exciting news
Professor Morooka works 60 hours a week for 9 months of the year. During this time he longs for a break. When he finally gets a break, he misses the sense of accomplishment he feels when he is working. ________ theory suggests that this is because there is an optimal level of arousal that we all try to maintain.
arousal
Early maturing girls are __________
at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?
authoritative
what is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?
autonomy vs shame and doubt
Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger-she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?
avoidant
It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this?
resistant
Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?
secure
according to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________
self-actualization
if you believe you will win the hot dog eating competition, then you have a sense of _________, and you are more likely to enter the hot dog eating competition.
self-efficacy
The ________ response cycle includes four phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
sexual
which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.
the self-realization process
stage theories hold that the sequence of development is
universal
