PSY FINAL STUDY (quiz 2) - Dr.You

What is the problem with being swayed by a good story?

*A) A good story may not be supported by data.* B) A good story is never the true explanation for a scientific finding. C) Good stories are not falsifiable. D) Scientific findings never have commonsense explanations.

Diego is interested in examining the relationship between a person's attachment style and his or her relationship satisfaction. He finds 65 studies that have examined this topic. He combines the results of all these studies and calculates an effect size. His research is most accurately described as:

*A) A meta-analysis* B) A PsycWiki C) A review journal article D) A chapter in an edited book

Of the options listed below, which of the following is the last section of an empirical journal article?

*A) Discussion* B) Results C) Method D) Introduction

Edward believes that there are a lot of differences between men and women on a variety of different dimensions. He believes this because when he thinks about books that have been written on men and women, he can recall only books that say men and women are different (e.g., Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus) and cannot recall any that say men and women are the same. His reliance on what comes to mind is an example of which of the following?

*A) The availability heuristic* B) Confirmatory hypothesis testing C) Cherry-picking of evidence D) Overconfidence

Ellie is looking for a summary of research on the effects of childhood abuse on adult functioning. Which of the following scientific sources would NOT be an ideal source?

A) A review journal article B) A chapter in an edited book C) A meta-analysis *D) An empirical journal article*

Hannah just finished reading an empirical journal article for a class project. What information might she get out of reading the references section of her article?

A) An idea for a future study B) An explanation of the statistical tests used *C) The name of an article that researched a similar topic* D) A list of the measures used in the study

James is asked about what is the best way to study for an exam. He responds that the best way to study is by making flash cards. He easily thinks of all the times he used flash cards and he made As. However, he fails to take into consideration all the times he made As and did not use flash cards and the times he used flash cards and did not do well. His faulty thinking is an example of:

A) Availability heuristic B) asking biased questions *C) Present/present bias* D) Cherry-picking evidence

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which section should you read first?

A) Discussion B) Introduction C) Method *D) Abstract*

Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following?

A) Fourth cell reasoning B) Availability heuristic *C) Cherry-picking of evidence* D) Overconfidence

A psychiatrist is testing a drug that treats depression. He has given the drug to all his patients and all of them have experienced a decrease in depressive symptoms. Although this is interesting, his experience is limited because he does not have a:

A) Hypothesis *B) Comparison group that did not receive the drug* C) Psychotherapy to supplement the drug D) Reliable way to measure depressive symptoms

Matthew is reading an empirical journal article and wants to know whether the authors used the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) or the NEO-PI to measure extraversion. In which section would he find this information?

A) Introduction B) Discussion *C) Method* D) Results

Which of the following is the first section of an empirical journal article?

A) Introduction B) References *C) Abstract* D) Results

After reading the chapter, Cyril says to himself, "I am sure other people might engage in faulty thinking but I never would." What is Cyril experiencing?

A) Motivated thinking B) Confirmatory hypothesis testing C) Faulty intuition *D) Bias blind spot*

Lana is writing her first empirical journal article. Although she thinks she knows why she found the results she did, she also wants to mention some alternative explanations for her findings. In which section will she mention these alternative explanations?

A) References B) Results C) Method *D) Discussion*

Psychological scientists may choose to publish their work in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Scientific journals B) Edited books *C) Popular magazines* D) Full-length books

Looking for which of the following in a trade book will give you a hint as to its scientific rigor?

A) The number of authors B) Its cost *C) The number of references* D) The number of pages

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following?

A) The study has been replicated. *B) Science is probabilistic.* C) Science is based on empiricism. D) The study did not properly define cell phone use.

Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. She has a comparison group, because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to plug in her iPod. She typically remembers to plug in her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. What problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music?

A) There is no problem with Vanessa's reasoning. B) Vanessa's belief that she sleeps better with music is not falsifiable. C) Vanessa is biased because she sleeps in the same bed every night. *D) Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner.*

Which of the following is NOT a reason to be skeptical of an authority?

A) They cherry-picked the evidence they presented. B) They based their opinions on their own experience. C) They based their opinions on their intuition. *D) They have conducted scientific research on the topic.*

Which of the following sources is most likely to contain only information that has been rigorously peer-reviewed?

A) Wikis B) Full-length books C) Chapters in edited books *D) Review journal articles*