PSY202 Final

The electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals

Action potential

The __________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

Alpha

The __________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

Amygdala

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding other colors.

Inattentional blindness

Example of homeostasis

Ingesting too much alcohol leads to vomiting

Which part of the eye holds color?

Iris

What is a common criticism of Kinsey's sex research?

It is riddled with sampling and statistical errors

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder?

Kicking and punching while asleep.

Which term describes perception of body's movement through space?

Kinesthesia

Difference between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function

Lateralization

Longer wavelengths will have __________ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ___________ frequencies.

Lower;higher

Vestibular sense contributes to our ability to

Maintain balance and body posture

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intercellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

Membrane potential

A person's _________ rare is the amount of energy she expends in a given time period

Metabolic

Which is an example of a synthetic opioid?

Methadone

The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

Midbrain

Which of the following statements about motivation is incorrect?

Motivation never changes

Psychotropic medication are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring _________ balance.

Neurotransmitter

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

Optic

According to the Schachter-Singer two factory theory of emotion, emotion consists of two factors:

Physiological and cognitive

The _______ connects the brain and spinal cord.

Pons

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

Range of reaction

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity

Restless leg syndrome

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

Rods

Which theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change?

Set point

Congenital deafness refers to deafness

Since birth

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

Sleep

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

Stage 2

The _________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The __________ of a neuron contain _______ that House neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ______ in professional athletes and bodybuilders

testosterone

Due to his sense of ________, Abraham knows he is cold when he is outside during a blizzard, and he knows he is hot after he comes inside and eats soup by the fire.

thermoception

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

Binaural cue

two-eared cue to localize sound

Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. What is the motivation in the following sentence? Giorgio works part-time at a diner so he can afford to attend culinary school because he wants to become a chef, even though he is in debt.

wanting to become a chef

The space between two neurons is called the

Synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing

Temperature, touch, and pain

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

Temporal

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa.

bulimia

Two major divisions of the nervous system

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Which of the following is the best example of a habit?

chewing on your hair to relieve stress

Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness.

congenital

When light levels are low, the pupil will become ________, to allow more light to enter the eye.

dilated

Body dysmorphia is a

distorted body image

The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ________ that are acceptable.

emotion

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

external

Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation.

extrinsic

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________.

facial feedback hypothesis

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

fast; long lasting

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Hertz is a measure of

frequency

Which of the following exemplifies the sense of audition?

hearing a song on the radio

Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need.

homeostasis

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.

homeostasis

Which term describes the tendency to maintain, a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as

hormones

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

hypnosis; meditation

An infant sucking is a good example of a(n) ________.

instinct

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

Satiety hormone

leptin

The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves

longitudinal fissure

In a _______ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dreams content

lucid

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

melatonin

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.

more than one gene

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

_________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; _________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

The _________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

reticular formation

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

running away

Yerkes-Dodson Law

simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

Sleepwalking is also referred to as

somnambulism

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we

Can see

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Chromosomes; DNA

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their _______ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

Circadian

The _______ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over 24 hours

Circadian

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

Cones

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave _______ to the lowest point on the wave _________

Crest; trough

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

Evolutionary

________ dysphoria is a diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who do not identify with the cultural expectations associated with their biological sex

Gender

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Genetic disorder that results in persistent feeling of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

Amplitude

Height of a wave

________-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitches sounds, while _______-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitch sounds.

High;low

____________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions are maintained at optimal levels.

Homeostasis

The central nervous system consists of:

brain and spinal cord

The _________ complex and the central ________ are both apart of the amygdala

Basolateral; nucleus

The brain contains __________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

Billions

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

Blindness

Melatonin is stimulated by _______ and inhibited by ________.

Darkness; light

Alcohol is considered a ______ because it tends to suppress CNS activity

Depressant

SSRIs are drugs commonly prescribed for

Depression

Main idea of drive theory

Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

_________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

Dopamine

____________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves

EEG

A(n) _____ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that doesn't occur in response to something we experience.

Emotion; mood

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS?

above average birth weight

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

Kimya stares at a bright light and then looks away. After she looks away, she perceives a spot. What is this spot?

afterimage

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________.

at least three nights a week for one month